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  1. Relapsing fever (RF) borreliae are arthropod-borne spirochetes and some of them cause human diseases, which are characterized by relapsing or recurring episodes of fever. Recently, it has been classified into ...

    Authors: Ranna Nakao, Kentaro Kasama, Bazartseren Boldbaatar, Yoshitoshi Ogura, Hiroki Kawabata, Atsushi Toyoda, Tetsuya Hayashi, Ai Takano and Ken Maeda
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:105
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The formation of the Isthmus of Panama and final closure of the Central American Seaway (CAS) provides an independent calibration point for examining the rate of DNA substitutions. This vicariant event has bee...

    Authors: Katherine Silliman, Jane L. Indorf, Nancy Knowlton, William E. Browne and Carla Hurt
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:104
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. The Styracaceae are a woody, dicotyledonous family containing 12 genera and an estimated 160 species. Recent studies have shown that Styrax and Sinojackia are monophyletic, Alniphyllum and Bruinsmia cluster into ...

    Authors: Xiu-Lian Cai, Jacob B. Landis, Hong-Xin Wang, Jian-Hua Wang, Zhi-Xin Zhu and Hua-Feng Wang
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:103
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The Euphorbia hypothesis on the origin of fairy circles (FCs) in Namibia dates back to 1979. It proposes that the remains of decaying shrubs would induce an allelopathic interaction with the grasses and thereb...

    Authors: Stephan Getzin, Ailly Nambwandja, Sönke Holch and Kerstin Wiegand
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:102
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Elongated rostra play an important role in the egg-laying of weevils, and its emergence plays a key role in the adaptive radiation of weevils. Eucryptorrhynchus scrobiculatus Motschulsky and E. brandti Harold co-...

    Authors: Ganyu Zhang, Wenjuan Guo, Xiaoyi Wang, Qian Wang, Jin Cui and Junbao Wen
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Animal mitochondria play a central role in energy production in the cells through the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway. Recent studies of selection on different mitochondrial OXPHOS genes have reveal...

    Authors: Asma Awadi, Hichem Ben Slimen, Helmut Schaschl, Felix Knauer and Franz Suchentrunk
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:100
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The impact of genetic interaction networks on evolution is a fundamental issue. Previous studies have demonstrated that the topology of the network is determined by the properties of the cellular machinery. Fu...

    Authors: Joanna Klim, Urszula Zielenkiewicz, Marek Skoneczny, Adrianna Skoneczna, Anna Kurlandzka and Szymon Kaczanowski
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:99
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. The stem-group of Ephemeroptera is phylogenetically important for understanding key steps in evolutionary history of early pterygote insects. However, these taxa have been mostly studied from the taxonomy poin...

    Authors: Pavel Sroka, Roman J. Godunko, Nina D. Sinitshenkova and Jakub Prokop
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:97
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. The European population of hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) is declining. It is therefore essential to optimise conservation initiatives such as the rehabilitation of sick, injured and orphaned hedgehogs. Wild ani...

    Authors: Sophie Lund Rasmussen, Otto Kalliokoski, Torben Dabelsteen and Klas Abelson
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Wolbachia is an endosymbiont common to most invertebrates, which can have significant evolutionary implications for its host species by acting as a barrier to gene flow. Despite the importance of Wolbachia, still...

    Authors: Kay Lucek, Selim Bouaouina, Amanda Jospin, Andrea Grill and Jurriaan M. de Vos
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:95
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Despite a longstanding interest in understanding how animals adapt to environments with limited nutrients, we have incomplete knowledge of the genetic basis of metabolic evolution. The Mexican tetra, Astyanax mex...

    Authors: Misty R. Riddle, Ariel Aspiras, Fleur Damen, Suzanne McGaugh, Julius A. Tabin and Clifford J. Tabin
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:94
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

    Authors: Ivalú M. Ávila Herrera, Jiří Král, Markéta Pastuchová, Martin Forman, Jana Musilová, Tereza Kořínková, František Šťáhlavský, Magda Zrzavá, Petr Nguyen, Pavel Just, Charles R. Haddad, Matyáš Hiřman, Martina Koubová, David Sadílek and Bernhard A. Huber
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:93
    Content type: Correction Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:75

  14. Mitochondrial genes encode proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Variations in lifestyle and ecological niche can be directly reflected in metabolic performance. Subterranean rodents represent a good...

    Authors: Olga V. Bondareva, Nadezhda A. Potapova, Kirill A. Konovalov, Tatyana V. Petrova and Natalia I. Abramson
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:92
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The functioning of ecosystems is highly variable through space and time. Climatic and edaphic factors are forcing ecological communities to converge, whereas the diversity of plant assemblages dampens these ef...

    Authors: Guillaume Rheault, Esther Lévesque and Raphaël Proulx
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:91
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Spermatogenesis appears to be a relatively well-conserved process even among distantly related animal taxa such as invertebrates and vertebrates. Although Hymenopterans share many characteristics with other or...

    Authors: Charlotte Lécureuil, Sophie Fouchécourt, Rémi Eliautout, Vanessa Guérin, Kevin Hidalgo, Dorian Neutre, Géraldine Roux and Philippe Monget
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:90
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. The speckled-pelage brush-furred rats (Lophuromys flavopunctatus group) have been difficult to define given conflicting genetic, morphological, and distributional records that combine to obscure meaningful accoun...

    Authors: Kenneth Otieno Onditi, Terrence C. Demos, Julian Kerbis Peterhans, Zhong-Zheng Chen, Josef Bryja, Leonid A. Lavrenchenko, Simon Musila, Erik Verheyen, Frederik Van de Perre, Benjamin Dudu Akaibe, Noé U. de la Sancha and Xue-Long Jiang
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:89
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. The pace of aging varies considerably in nature. The best-known explanation of the evolution of specific rates of aging is the Williams’ hypothesis suggesting that the aging rate should correlate with the leve...

    Authors: Peter Lenart, Julie Bienertová-Vašků and Luděk Berec
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:87
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Skulls serve many functions and as a result, are subject to many different evolutionary pressures. In squamates, many fossorial species occupy a unique region of skull morphospace, showing convergence across f...

    Authors: Natasha Stepanova and Aaron M. Bauer
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:86
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. An ecological approach for managing biological invasions in agroecosystems is the selection of alternative crop species to manage the infestation of invasive alien plants through competition. In the current st...

    Authors: Shicai Shen, Gaofeng Xu, Diyu Li, Shaosong Yang, Guimei Jin, Shufang Liu, David Roy Clements, Aidong Chen, Jia Rao, Lila Wen, Qiong Tao, Shuiying Zhang, Jiazhen Yang and Fudou Zhang
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:85
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Plant pathogenesis related-1 (PR-1) proteins belong to the CAP superfamily and have been characterized as markers of induced defense against pathogens. Moniliophthora perniciosa and Moniliophthora roreri are hemi...

    Authors: Adrielle A. Vasconcelos, Juliana José, Paulo M. Tokimatu, Antonio P. Camargo, Paulo J. P. L. Teixeira, Daniela P. T. Thomazella, Paula F. V. do Prado, Gabriel L. Fiorin, Juliana L. Costa, Antonio Figueira, Marcelo F. Carazzolle, Gonçalo A. G. Pereira and Renata M. Baroni
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:84
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Population size and densities are key parameters in both fundamental and applied ecology, as they affect population resilience to density-dependent processes, habitat changes and stochastic events. Efficient m...

    Authors: Mickaël Jacquier, Jean-Michel Vandel, François Léger, Jeanne Duhayer, Sylvia Pardonnet, Ludovic Say, Sébastien Devillard and Sandrine Ruette
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:82
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Vision is a crucial sense for the evolutionary success of many animal groups. Here we explore the diversity of visual pigments (opsins) in the transcriptomes of amphipods (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and conclude th...

    Authors: Polina Drozdova, Alena Kizenko, Alexandra Saranchina, Anton Gurkov, Maria Firulyova, Ekaterina Govorukhina and Maxim Timofeyev
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:81
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. In holometabolous insects, environmental factors experienced in pre-imaginal life stages affect the life-history traits within that stage and can also influence subsequent life stages. Here, I assessed toleran...

    Authors: Steve B. S. Baleba
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. In temperate regions many small mammals including bats hibernate during winter. During hibernation these small mammals occasionally wake up (arouse) to restore electrolyte and water balance. However, field dat...

    Authors: Heungjin Ryu, Kodzue Kinoshita, Sungbae Joo and Sun-Sook Kim
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. There has been a rapid increase in the brain size relative to body size during mammalian evolutionary history. In particular, the enlarged and globular brain is the most distinctive anatomical feature of moder...

    Authors: Nashaiman Pervaiz, Hongen Kang, Yiming Bao and Amir Ali Abbasi
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:76
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Despite progress in genomic analysis of spiders, their chromosome evolution is not satisfactorily understood. Most information on spider chromosomes concerns the most diversified clade, entelegyne araneomorphs...

    Authors: Ivalú M. Ávila Herrera, Jiří Král, Markéta Pastuchová, Martin Forman, Jana Musilová, Tereza Kořínková, František Šťáhlavský, Magda Zrzavá, Petr Nguyen, Pavel Just, Charles R. Haddad, Matyáš Hiřman, Martina Koubová, David Sadílek and Bernhard A. Huber
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:93

  32. During recognition process, multiple parameters of the encountered stimulus may play a role. Previous studies with wild birds identified the importance of several salient features (e.g., eyes, beak, prominent ...

    Authors: Kateřina Antonová, Petr Veselý and Roman Fuchs
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:74
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Refaunation/rewilding by large ungulates represents a cost-efficient approach to managing natural biotopes and may be particularly useful for areas whose biodiversity depends on disturbance dynamics and is imp...

    Authors: Martin Konvička, David Ričl, Veronika Vodičková, Jiří Beneš and Miloslav Jirků
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:73
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Although almost all extant spider species live in terrestrial environments, a few species live fully submerged in freshwater or seawater. The intertidal spiders (genus Desis) built silk nests within coral crevice...

    Authors: Fan Li, Yunyun Lv, Zhengyong Wen, Chao Bian, Xinhui Zhang, Shengtao Guo, Qiong Shi and Daiqin Li
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Cultivated tea is one of the most important economic and ecological trees distributed worldwide. Cultivated tea suffer from long-term targeted selection of traits and overexploitation of habitats by human bein...

    Authors: Jiao Peng, Yunlin Zhao, Meng Dong, Shiquan Liu, Zhiyuan Hu, Xiaofen Zhong and Zhenggang Xu
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. The common name of the Flesh flies (Sarcophagidae) usually relates them with organisms feeding on decomposing organic matter, although the biology of one of the largest radiations among insects also includes ...

    Authors: Eliana Buenaventura
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:70
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Although the immediate consequences of biological invasions on ecosystems and conservation have been widely studied, the long-term effects remain unclear. Invaders can either cause the extinction of native spe...

    Authors: Carlos García, Josefina G. Campoy and Rubén Retuerto
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. New Zealand’s diplodactylid geckos exhibit high species-level diversity, largely independent of discernible osteological changes. Consequently, systematic affinities of isolated skeletal elements (fossils) are...

    Authors: Lachie Scarsbrook, Emma Sherratt, Rodney A. Hitchmough and Nicolas J. Rawlence
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:67
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Color vision and phototactic behavior based on opsins are important for the fitness of insects because of their roles in foraging and mate choice. Related topics, including the duplication and loss of opsin ge...

    Authors: Pengjun Xu, Bin Lu, Jiangtao Chao, Robert Holdbrook, Gemei Liang and Yanhui Lu
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The Type I interferon response is an important first-line defense against viruses. In turn, viruses antagonize (i.e., degrade, mis-localize, etc.) many proteins in interferon pathways. Thus, hosts and viruses ...

    Authors: Elena N. Judd, Alison R. Gilchrist, Nicholas R. Meyerson and Sara L. Sawyer
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:65
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Geographic differences in floral size sometimes reflect geographic differences in pollinator size. However, we know little about whether this floral size specialization to the regional pollinator size occurred...

    Authors: Tsubasa Toji, Natsumi Ishimoto, Shin Egawa, Yuta Nakase, Mitsuru Hattori and Takao Itino
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:64
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Identifying ecologically significant phenotypic traits and the genomic mechanisms that underly them are crucial steps in understanding traits associated with population divergence. We used genome-wide data to ...

    Authors: Jared A. Grummer, Michael C. Whitlock, Patricia M. Schulte and Eric B. Taylor
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:63
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Pathogens are key components in natural and agricultural plant systems. There is evidence of evolutionary changes in disease susceptibility as a consequence of climate change, but we know little about the unde...

    Authors: Niamh B. O’Hara, Steven J. Franks, Nolan C. Kane, Silas Tittes and Joshua S. Rest
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:61
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Lemurs once rivalled the diversity of rest of the primate order despite thier confinement to the island of Madagascar. We test the adaptive radiation model of Malagasy lemur diversity using a novel combinatio...

    Authors: Ethan L. Fulwood, Shan Shan, Julia M. Winchester, Henry Kirveslahti, Robert Ravier, Shahar Kovalsky, Ingrid Daubechies and Doug M. Boyer
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The duplication of genes is one of the main genetic mechanisms that led to the gain in complexity of biological tissue. Although the implication of duplicated gene expression in brain evolution was extensively...

    Authors: Solène Brohard-Julien, Vincent Frouin, Vincent Meyer, Smahane Chalabi, Jean-François Deleuze, Edith Le Floch and Christophe Battail
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:59
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Pelvic brooding is a form of uni-parental care, and likely evolved in parallel in two lineages of Sulawesi ricefishes. Contrary to all other ricefishes, females of pelvic brooding species do not deposit eggs a...

    Authors: Tobias Spanke, Leon Hilgers, Benjamin Wipfler, Jana M. Flury, Arne W. Nolte, Ilham V. Utama, Bernhard Misof, Fabian Herder and Julia Schwarzer
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Climate heterogeneity not only indirectly shapes the genetic structures of plant populations, but also drives adaptive divergence by impacting demographic dynamics. The variable localized climates and topograp...

    Authors: Hang Ye, Zhi Wang, Huimin Hou, Jiahui Wu, Yue Gao, Wei Han, Wenming Ru, Genlou Sun and Yiling Wang
    Citation: BMC Ecology and Evolution 2021 21:56
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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