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  1. The Immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) 3' Regulatory Region (3'RR), located at the 3' of the constant alpha gene, plays a crucial role in immunoglobulin production. In humans, there are 2 copies of the 3'RR, eac...

    Authors: Pietro D'Addabbo, Moira Scascitelli, Vincenzo Giambra, Mariano Rocchi and Domenico Frezza
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The process of Greek colonization of the central and western Mediterranean during the Archaic and Classical Eras has been understudied from the perspective of population genetics. To investigate the Y chromoso...

    Authors: Roy J King, Julie Di Cristofaro, Anastasia Kouvatsi, Costas Triantaphyllidis, Walter Scheidel, Natalie M Myres, Alice A Lin, Alexandre Eissautier, Michael Mitchell, Didier Binder, Ornella Semino, Andrea Novelletto, Peter A Underhill and Jacques Chiaroni
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Widely distributed species with populations adapted to different environmental conditions can provide valuable opportunities for tracing the onset of reproductive incompatibilities and their role in the specia...

    Authors: Jackson H Jennings, Dominique Mazzi, Michael G Ritchie and Anneli Hoikkala
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:68
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Bacterial plant pathogens belonging to the Xanthomonas genus are tightly adapted to their host plants and are not known to colonise other environments. The host range of each strain is usually restricted to a few...

    Authors: Nadia Mhedbi-Hajri, Armelle Darrasse, Sandrine Pigné, Karine Durand, Stéphanie Fouteau, Valérie Barbe, Charles Manceau, Christophe Lemaire and Marie-Agnès Jacques
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Studies on allele length polymorphism designate several glacial refugia for Norway spruce (Picea abies) in the South Carpathian Mountains, but infer only limited expansion from these refugia after the last glacia...

    Authors: Enikő K Magyari, Ágnes Major, Miklós Bálint, Judit Nédli, Mihály Braun, István Rácz and Laura Parducci
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Previous DNA-based phylogenetic studies of the Delphinidae family suggest it has undergone rapid diversification, as characterised by unresolved and poorly supported taxonomic relationships (polytomies) for so...

    Authors: Julia T Vilstrup, Simon YW Ho, Andrew D Foote, Phillip A Morin, Danielle Kreb, Michael Krützen, Guido J Parra, Kelly M Robertson, Renaud de Stephanis, Philippe Verborgh, Eske Willerslev, Ludovic Orlando and M Thomas P Gilbert
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:65
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. CADM is a statistical test used to estimate the level of Congruence Among Distance Matrices. It has been shown in previous studies to have a correct rate of type I error and good power when applied to dissimil...

    Authors: Véronique Campbell, Pierre Legendre and François-Joseph Lapointe
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:64
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  8. Plants contain numerous Su ( v ar)3-9 homologues (SUVH) and related (SUVR) genes, some of which await functional characterization. Although there have been studies on the evolution of plant Su(var)3-9 SET genes, ...

    Authors: Xinyu Zhu, Hong Ma and Zhiduan Chen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Replicate experiments are often difficult to find in evolutionary biology, as this field is inherently an historical science. However, viruses, bacteria and phages provide opportunities to study evolution in b...

    Authors: Loubna Tazi, Hiromi Imamichi, Steven Hirschfeld, Julia A Metcalf, Susan Orsega, Marcos Pérez-Losada, David Posada, H Clifford Lane and Keith A Crandall
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:62
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Ammonium is one of the major forms in which nitrogen is available for plant growth. OsAMT1;1 is a high-affinity ammonium transporter in rice (Oryza sativa L.), responsible for ammonium uptake at low nitrogen conc...

    Authors: Zehong Ding, Chongrong Wang, Sheng Chen and Sibin Yu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:61
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The division of reproductive labor among group members in insect societies is regulated by "queen pheromones". However, it remains controversial whether these are manipulative, i.e., actively suppress worker r...

    Authors: Elisabeth Brunner, Johannes Kroiss, Andreas Trindl and Jürgen Heinze
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:55
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. A number of studies have described the extension of ice cover in western Patagonia during the Last Glacial Maximum, providing evidence of a complete cover of terrestrial habitat from 41°S to 56°S and two main ...

    Authors: Juliana A Vianna, Gonzalo Medina-Vogel, Claudio Chehébar, Walter Sielfeld, Carlos Olavarría and Sylvain Faugeron
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The origin of human handedness and its evolution in primates is presently under debate. Current hypotheses suggest that body posture (postural origin hypothesis and bipedalism hypothesis) have an important imp...

    Authors: Marina Scheumann, Marine Joly-Radko, Lisette Leliveld and Elke Zimmermann
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:52
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. A recent study on expression and function of the ortholog of the Drosophila collier (col) gene in various arthropods including insects, crustaceans and chelicerates suggested a de novo function of col in the deve...

    Authors: Ralf Janssen, Wim GM Damen and Graham E Budd
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:50
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Vast migrations and subsequent assimilation processes have shaped the genetic composition of Southeast Asia, an area of close contact between several major ethnic groups. To better characterize the genetic var...

    Authors: Martin Bodner, Bettina Zimmermann, Alexander Röck, Anita Kloss-Brandstätter, David Horst, Basil Horst, Sourideth Sengchanh, Torpong Sanguansermsri, Jürgen Horst, Tanja Krämer, Peter M Schneider and Walther Parson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:49
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Disentangling the roles of geography and ecology driving population divergence and distinguishing adaptive from neutral evolution at the molecular level have been common goals among evolutionary and conservati...

    Authors: Daniel Gomez-Uchida, James E Seeb, Matt J Smith, Christopher Habicht, Thomas P Quinn and Lisa W Seeb
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:48
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. All sequenced genomes contain a proportion of lineage-specific genes, which exhibit no sequence similarity to any genes outside the lineage. Despite their prevalence, the origins and functions of most lineage-...

    Authors: Mark TA Donoghue, Channa Keshavaiah, Sandesh H Swamidatta and Charles Spillane
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:47
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Hainan Island is located around the conjunction of East Asia and Southeast Asia, and during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was connected with the mainland. This provided an opportunity for the colonization of ...

    Authors: Min-Sheng Peng, Jun-Dong He, Hai-Xin Liu and Ya-Ping Zhang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:46
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Cyanobacteria are one of the oldest and morphologically most diverse prokaryotic phyla on our planet. The early development of an oxygen-containing atmosphere approximately 2.45 - 2.22 billion years ago is att...

    Authors: Bettina E Schirrmeister, Alexandre Antonelli and Homayoun C Bagheri
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:45
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Females can potentially assess the quality of potential mates using their secondary sexual traits, and obtain "good genes" that increase offspring fitness. Another potential indirect benefit from mating prefer...

    Authors: Matteo Griggio, Clotilde Biard, Dustin J Penn and Herbert Hoi
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:44
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Omptins are a family of outer membrane proteases that have spread by horizontal gene transfer in Gram-negative bacteria that infect vertebrates or plants. Despite structural similarity, the molecular functions...

    Authors: Johanna Haiko, Liisa Laakkonen, Benita Westerlund-Wikström and Timo K Korhonen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:43
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The taxonomy and systematic relationships among species of Solanum section Petota are complicated and the section seems overclassified. Many of the presumed (sub)species from South America are very similar and th...

    Authors: Mirjam MJ Jacobs, Marinus JM Smulders, Ronald G van den Berg and Ben Vosman
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:42
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. In the model system Drosophila melanogaster, doublesex (dsx) is the double-switch gene at the bottom of the somatic sex determination cascade that determines the differentiation of sexually dimorphic traits. Homo...

    Authors: Marco Salvemini, Umberto Mauro, Fabrizio Lombardo, Andreina Milano, Vincenzo Zazzaro, Bruno Arcà, Lino C Polito and Giuseppe Saccone
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:41
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Mycorrhizal fungi form intimate associations with their host plants that constitute their carbon resource and habitat. Alnus spp. (Betulaceae) are known to host an exceptional species-poor and specialized ectomyc...

    Authors: Juliette Rochet, Pierre-Arthur Moreau, Sophie Manzi and Monique Gardes
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:40
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The best documented survival responses of organisms to past climate change on short (glacial-interglacial) timescales are distributional shifts. Despite ample evidence on such timescales for local adaptations ...

    Authors: Ben H Warren, Freek T Bakker, Dirk U Bellstedt, Benny Bytebier, Regine Claßen-Bockhoff, Léanne L Dreyer, Dawn Edwards, Félix Forest, Chloé Galley, Christopher R Hardy, H Peter Linder, A Muthama Muasya, Klaus Mummenhoff, Kenneth C Oberlander, Marcus Quint, James E Richardson…
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:39
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Mesoamerica is one of the most threatened biodiversity hotspots in the world, yet we are far from understanding the geologic history and the processes driving population divergence and speciation for most ende...

    Authors: Clementina González, Juan Francisco Ornelas and Carla Gutiérrez-Rodríguez
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:38
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Molecular phylogenetic studies on scleractinian corals have shown that most taxa are not reflective of their evolutionary histories. Based principally on gross morphology, traditional taxonomy suffers from the...

    Authors: Danwei Huang, Wilfredo Y Licuanan, Andrew H Baird and Hironobu Fukami
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:37
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Gibbons or small apes are, next to great apes, our closest living relatives, and form the most diverse group of contemporary hominoids. A characteristic trait of gibbons is their species-specific song structur...

    Authors: Van Ngoc Thinh, Chris Hallam, Christian Roos and Kurt Hammerschmidt
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:36
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. The discovery of restriction endonucleases and modification DNA methyltransferases, key instruments of genetic engineering, opened a new era of molecular biology through development of the recombinant DNA tech...

    Authors: Marina L Mokrishcheva, Alexander S Solonin and Dmitri V Nikitin
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:35
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Two component systems (TCS) are signal transduction pathways which typically consist of a sensor histidine kinase (HK) and a response regulator (RR). In this study, we have analyzed the evolution of TCS of the...

    Authors: Manuel Zúñiga, Ciara Luna Gómez-Escoín and Fernando González-Candelas
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:34
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Hybridization or divergence between sympatric sister species provides a natural laboratory to study speciation processes. The shared polymorphism in sister species may either be ancestral or derive from hybrid...

    Authors: Yann Moalic, Sophie Arnaud-Haond, Cécile Perrin, Gareth A Pearson and Ester A Serrao
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:33
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Bos primigenius, the aurochs, is the wild ancestor of modern cattle breeds and was formerly widespread across Eurasia and northern Africa. After a progressive decline, the species became extinct in 1627. The orig...

    Authors: Martina Lari, Ermanno Rizzi, Stefano Mona, Giorgio Corti, Giulio Catalano, Kefei Chen, Cristiano Vernesi, Greger Larson, Paolo Boscato, Gianluca De Bellis, Alan Cooper, David Caramelli and Giorgio Bertorelle
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:32
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. The genetic diversity of many protists is unknown. The differences that result from this diversity can be important in interactions among individuals. The social amoeba Polysphondylium violaceum, which is a membe...

    Authors: Sara E Kalla, David C Queller, Andrea Lasagni and Joan E Strassmann
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:31
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Quaternary plant ecology in much of the world has historically relied on morphological identification of macro- and microfossils from sediments of small freshwater lakes. Here, we report new protocols that rel...

    Authors: Lynn L Anderson-Carpenter, Jason S McLachlan, Stephen T Jackson, Melanie Kuch, Candice Y Lumibao and Hendrik N Poinar
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:30
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. The aim of the present study was to use a combined phylogeographic and species distribution modelling approach to compare the glacial histories of two plant species with overlapping distributions, Orthilia secund...

    Authors: Gemma E Beatty and Jim Provan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:29
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Conservatism in climatic tolerance may limit geographic range expansion and should enhance the effects of habitat fragmentation on population subdivision. Here we study the effects of historical climate change...

    Authors: Norbert Holstein and Susanne S Renner
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:28
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Prokaryotic environmental adaptations occur at different levels within cells to ensure the preservation of genome integrity, proper protein folding and function as well as membrane fluidity. Although specific ...

    Authors: Zlatko Smole, Nela Nikolic, Fran Supek, Tomislav Šmuc, Ivo F Sbalzarini and Anita Krisko
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Hox genes are known to play a key role in shaping the body plan of metazoans. Evolutionary dynamics of these genes is therefore essential in explaining patterns of evolutionary diversity. Among extant sarcopter.....

    Authors: Dan Liang, Riga Wu, Jie Geng, Chaolin Wang and Peng Zhang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. It has been established that mammalian egg zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins are responsible for species-restricted binding of sperm to unfertilized eggs, inducing the sperm acrosome reaction, and preventing p...

    Authors: Shanyuan Chen, Vânia Costa and Albano Beja-Pereira
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:24
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Mutations in the Otopetrin 1 gene (Otop1) in mice and fish produce an unusual bilateral vestibular pathology that involves the absence of otoconia without hearing impairment. The encoded protein, Otop1, is the on...

    Authors: Belen Hurle, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Francesca Antonacci, Inna Hughes, Joseph F Ryan, Evan E Eichler, David M Ornitz and Eric D Green
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. SelB is the dedicated elongation factor for delivery of selenocysteinyl-tRNA to the ribosome. In archaea, only a subset of methanogens utilizes selenocysteine and encodes archaeal SelB (aSelB). A SelB-like (aS...

    Authors: Gemma C Atkinson, Vasili Hauryliuk and Tanel Tenson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:22
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. When females mate with multiple partners, sperm from rival males compete to fertilise the ova. Studies of experimental evolution have proven the selective action of sperm competition on male reproductive trait...

    Authors: Renée C Firman and Leigh W Simmons
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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