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  1. Chromosomal rearrangements are a major driving force in shaping genome during evolution. Previous studies show that translocated genes could undergo elevated rates of evolution and recombination frequencies ar...

    Authors: Jian Ma, Jiri Stiller, Zhi Zheng, Yuming Wei, You-Liang Zheng, Guijun Yan, Jaroslav Doležel and Chunji Liu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:37
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. RPB1, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, contains a highly modifiable C-terminal domain (CTD) that consists of variations of a consensus heptad repeat sequence (Y1S2P3T4S5P6S7). The consensus CTD repeat mo...

    Authors: Corinne N Simonti, Katherine S Pollard, Sebastian Schröder, Daniel He, Benoit G Bruneau, Melanie Ott and John A Capra
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:35
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Non-indigenous taxa currently represent a large fraction of the species and biomass of freshwater ecosystems. The accumulation of invasive taxa in combination with other stressors in these ecosystems may alter...

    Authors: Bert Van Bocxlaer, Catharina Clewing, Jean-Papy Mongindo Etimosundja, Alidor Kankonda, Oscar Wembo Ndeo and Christian Albrecht
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:33
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. MHC class I (MHCI) molecules are the key presenters of peptides generated through the intracellular pathway to CD8-positive T-cells. In fish, MHCI genes were first identified in the early 1990′s, but we still ...

    Authors: Unni Grimholt, Kentaro Tsukamoto, Teruo Azuma, Jong Leong, Ben F Koop and Johannes M Dijkstra
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:32
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. The taxonomy and systematics of Salix subgenus Salix s.l. is difficult. The reliability and evolutionary implications of two important morphological characters (number of stamens, and morphology of bud scales) us...

    Authors: Jie Wu, Tommi Nyman, Dong-Chao Wang, George W Argus, Yong-Ping Yang and Jia-Hui Chen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:31
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Aloe vera supports a substantial global trade yet its wild origins, and explanations for its popularity over 500 related Aloe species in one of the world’s largest succulent groups, have remain...

    Authors: Olwen M Grace, Sven Buerki, Matthew RE Symonds, Félix Forest, Abraham E van Wyk, Gideon F Smith, Ronell R Klopper, Charlotte S Bjorå, Sophie Neale, Sebsebe Demissew, Monique SJ Simmonds and Nina Rønsted
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:29
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Many ovules of Late Devonian (Famennian) seed plants have been well studied. However, because few taxa occur with anatomically preserved stems and/or petioles, the vascular system of these earliest spermatophy...

    Authors: Deming Wang and Le Liu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:28
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The obligate mutualism between fungus-growing ants and microbial symbionts offers excellent opportunities to study the specificity and stability of multi-species interactions. In addition to cultivating fungus...

    Authors: Sandra B Andersen, Sze Huei Yek, David R Nash and Jacobus J Boomsma
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:27
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The phylogeography of the house mouse (Mus musculus L.), an emblematic species for genetic and biomedical studies, is only partly understood, essentially because of a sampling bias towards its most peripheral pop...

    Authors: Emilie A Hardouin, Annie Orth, Meike Teschke, Jamshid Darvish, Diethard Tautz and François Bonhomme
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Segmented body organizations are widely represented in the animal kingdom. Whether the last common bilaterian ancestor was already segmented is intensely debated. Annelids display broad morphological diversity...

    Authors: Viktor V Starunov, Nicolas Dray, Elena V Belikova, Pierre Kerner, Michel Vervoort and Guillaume Balavoine
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Modelling genetic phenomena affecting biological traits is important for the development of agriculture as it allows breeders to predict the potential of breeding for certain traits. One such phenomenon is het...

    Authors: Peter Martin Ferdinand Emmrich, Hannah Elizabeth Roberts and Vera Pancaldi
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:24
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Thelytoky, the parthenogenetic development of females, has independently evolved in several insect orders yet the study of its mechanisms has so far mostly focussed on haplodiploid Hymenoptera, while alternati...

    Authors: Duong T Nguyen, Robert N Spooner-Hart and Markus Riegler
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The A Disintegrin-like and Metalloproteinase domain with Thrombospondin-1 motifs (ADAMTS) enzymes comprise 19 mammalian zinc-dependent metalloproteinases (metzincins) with homologues in a wide range of invertebra...

    Authors: Frédéric G Brunet, Fiona W Fraser, Marley J Binder, Adam D Smith, Christopher Kintakas, Carolyn M Dancevic, Alister C Ward and Daniel R McCulloch
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:22
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The bacterial genus Mycobacterium is of great interest in the medical and biotechnological fields. Despite a flood of genome sequencing and functional genomics data, significant gaps in knowledge between genome a...

    Authors: Ohgew Kweon, Seong-Jae Kim, Jochen Blom, Sung-Kwan Kim, Bong-Soo Kim, Dong-Heon Baek, Su Inn Park, John B Sutherland and Carl E Cerniglia
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Variation in the number of repeated traits, or serial homologs, has contributed greatly to animal body plan diversity. Eyespot color patterns of nymphalid butterflies, like arthropod and vertebrate limbs, are ...

    Authors: Sandra R Schachat, Jeffrey C Oliver and Antónia Monteiro
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Body size variation within clades of mammals is widespread, but the developmental and life-history mechanisms by which this variation is achieved are poorly understood, especially in extinct forms. An illustra...

    Authors: Christian Kolb, Torsten M Scheyer, Adrian M Lister, Concepcion Azorit, John de Vos, Margaretha AJ Schlingemann, Gertrud E Rössner, Nigel T Monaghan and Marcelo R Sánchez-Villagra
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Sperm competition imposes a strong selective pressure on males, leading to the evolution of various physiological, morphological and behavioral traits. Sperm competition can be prevented by blocking or impedin...

    Authors: Lenka Sentenská, Stano Pekár, Elisabeth Lipke, Peter Michalik and Gabriele Uhl
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. The editors of BMC Evolutionary Biology would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 14 (2014).

    Authors: Christopher Foote
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:17
    Content type: Reviewer acknowledgement Published on:

  21. Two non-homologous, isofunctional enzymes catalyze the penultimate step of chlorophyll a synthesis in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria, eukaryotic algae and land plants: the light-independe...

    Authors: Heather M Hunsperger, Tejinder Randhawa and Rose Ann Cattolico
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Long-term monitoring of the biological impacts of the radioactive pollution caused by the Fukushima nuclear accident in March 2011 is required to understand what has occurred in organisms living in the pollute...

    Authors: Atsuki Hiyama, Wataru Taira, Chiyo Nohara, Mayo Iwasaki, Seira Kinjo, Masaki Iwata and Joji M Otaki
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Dinoflagellates are eukaryotes with unusual cell biology and appear to rely on translational rather than transcriptional control of gene expression. The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) play...

    Authors: Grant D Jones, Ernest P Williams, Allen R Place, Rosemary Jagus and Tsvetan R Bachvaroff
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:14
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Model selection is a vital part of most phylogenetic analyses, and accounting for the heterogeneity in evolutionary patterns across sites is particularly important. Mixture models and partitioning are commonly...

    Authors: Paul B Frandsen, Brett Calcott, Christoph Mayer and Robert Lanfear
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:13
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  25. It is conventionally accepted that the lepidopteran fossil record is significantly incomplete when compared to the fossil records of other, very diverse, extant insect orders. Such an assumption, however, has ...

    Authors: Jae-Cheon Sohn, Conrad C Labandeira and Donald R Davis
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. A key question in evolutionary biology is the relationship between species traits and their habitats. Caves offer an ideal model to test the adjustment of species to their surrounding temperature, as they prov...

    Authors: Valeria Rizzo, David Sánchez-Fernández, Javier Fresneda, Alexandra Cieslak and Ignacio Ribera
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The enormous diversity found in East African cichlid fishes in terms of morphology, coloration, and behavior have made them a model for the study of speciation and adaptive evolution. In particular, haplochrom...

    Authors: Gonzalo Machado-Schiaffino, Andreas F Kautt, Henrik Kusche and Axel Meyer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Which factors influence the distribution patterns of morphological diversity among clades? The adaptive radiation model predicts that a clade entering new ecological niche will experience high rates of evoluti...

    Authors: Katrina E Jones, Jeroen B Smaers and Anjali Goswami
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Climatic factors play an important role in determining species distributions and phenotypic variation of populations over geographic space. Since domestic sheep is managed under low intensive systems animals c...

    Authors: Judit Salces-Ortiz, Carmen González, Marta Martínez, Tomás Mayoral, Jorge H Calvo and M Magdalena Serrano
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Identifying the phenotypic responses to domestication remains a long-standing and important question for researchers studying its early history. The great diversity in domestic animals and plants that exists t...

    Authors: Allowen Evin, Keith Dobney, Renate Schafberg, Joseph Owen, Una Strand Vidarsdottir, Greger Larson and Thomas Cucchi
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Morphological divergence often increases with phylogenetic distance, thus making morphology taxonomically informative. However, transitions to asexual reproduction may complicate this relationship because asex...

    Authors: Andjeljko Petrović, Milana Mitrović, Ana Ivanović, Vladimir Žikić, Nickolas G Kavallieratos, Petr Starý, Ana Mitrovski Bogdanović, Željko Tomanović and Christoph Vorburger
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Multiscale approaches for integrating submodels of various levels of biological organization into a single model became the major tool of systems biology. In this paper, we have constructed and simulated a set...

    Authors: Alexandra Igorevna Klimenko, Yury Georgievich Matushkin, Nikolay Alexandrovich Kolchanov and Sergey Alexandrovich Lashin
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15(Suppl 1):S3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 1

  34. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most dangerous human pathogens, the causative agent of tuberculosis. While this pathogen is considered as extremely clonal and resistant to horizontal gene exchange, there...

    Authors: Oleg Reva, Ilya Korotetskiy and Aleksandr Ilin
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15(Suppl 1):S2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 1

  35. Analyzing regulation of bacteriophage gene expression historically lead to establishing major paradigms of molecular biology, and may provide important medical applications in the future. Temporal regulation o...

    Authors: Jelena Guzina and Marko Djordjevic
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15(Suppl 1):S1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    This article is part of a Supplement: Volume 15 Supplement 1

  36. ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) proteins convert adenosine into inosine in double-stranded RNAs and have been shown to increase gene product diversity in a number of bilaterians, particularly mammals ...

    Authors: Laura F Grice and Bernard M Degnan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) can be divided into four subspecies. Substantial phylogenetic evidence suggests that these subspecies can be grouped into two distinct lineages: a western African group that includes...

    Authors: Matthew W Mitchell, Sabrina Locatelli, Lora Ghobrial, Amy A Pokempner, Paul R Sesink Clee, Ekwoge E Abwe, Aaron Nicholas, Louis Nkembi, Nicola M Anthony, Bethan J Morgan, Roger Fotso, Martine Peeters, Beatrice H Hahn and Mary Katherine Gonder
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. The Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti) is found in the Gulf of Guinea biodiversity hotspot located in western equatorial Africa. This subspecies is threatened by habitat fragmentation due to lo...

    Authors: Paul R Sesink Clee, Ekwoge E Abwe, Ruffin D Ambahe, Nicola M Anthony, Roger Fotso, Sabrina Locatelli, Fiona Maisels, Matthew W Mitchell, Bethan J Morgan, Amy A Pokempner and Mary Katherine Gonder
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The mechanisms that underlie the diversification of tropical animals remain poorly understood, but new approaches that combine geo-spatial modeling with spatially explicit genetic data are providing fresh insi...

    Authors: Matthew W Mitchell, Sabrina Locatelli, Paul R Sesink Clee, Henri A Thomassen and Mary Katherine Gonder
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Analyzed individually, gene trees for a given taxon set tend to harbour incongruent or conflicting signals. One popular approach to deal with this circumstance is to use concatenated data. But especially in pr...

    Authors: Thorsten Thiergart, Giddy Landan and William F Martin
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:266
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. The quasispecies model refers to information carriers that undergo self-replication with errors. A quasispecies is a steady-state population of biopolymer sequence variants generated by mutations from a master...

    Authors: Renan Gross, Itzhak Fouxon, Doron Lancet and Omer Markovitch
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:265
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Influenza A/H3N2 has been circulating in humans since 1968, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. Although H3N2 incidence is highly seasonal, how such seasonality contributes to global phylogeographic ...

    Authors: Daniel Zinder, Trevor Bedford, Edward B Baskerville, Robert J Woods, Manojit Roy and Mercedes Pascual
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:272
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Although the plastid genome is highly conserved across most angiosperms, multiple lineages have increased rates of structural rearrangement and nucleotide substitution. These lineages exhibit an excess of nons...

    Authors: Karen B Barnard-Kubow, Daniel B Sloan and Laura F Galloway
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:268
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. X chromosome inactivation is the transcriptional silencing of one X chromosome in the somatic cells of female mammals. In eutherian mammals (e.g. humans) one of the two X chromosomes is randomly chosen for sil...

    Authors: Claudia L Rodríguez-Delgado, Shafagh A Waters and Paul D Waters
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:267
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Snails species belonging to the genus Bulinus (Planorbidae) serve as intermediate host for flukes belonging to the genus Schistosoma (Digenea, Platyhelminthes). Despite its importance in the transmission of these...

    Authors: Rima Zein-Eddine, Félicité Flore Djuikwo-Teukeng, Mustafa Al-Jawhari, Bruno Senghor, Tine Huyse and Gilles Dreyfuss
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:271
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a central role in eukaryotic signal transduction. However, the GPCR component of this signalling system, at the early origins of metazoans is not fully understood. Here...

    Authors: Arunkumar Krishnan, Rohit Dnyansagar, Markus Sällman Almén, Michael J Williams, Robert Fredriksson, Narayanan Manoj and Helgi B Schiöth
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:270
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Crop diversity managed by smallholder farmers in traditional agrosystems is the outcome of historical and current processes interacting at various spatial scales, and influenced by factors such as farming prac...

    Authors: Ali Sahri, Lamyae Chentoufi, Mustapha Arbaoui, Morgane Ardisson, Loubna Belqadi, Ahmed Birouk, Pierre Roumet and Marie-Hélène Muller
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:264
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Allopatric divergence across lineages can lead to post-zygotic reproductive isolation upon secondary contact and disrupt coevolution between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, promoting emergence of genetic in...

    Authors: Alice Saunier, Pascale Garcia, Vanessa Becquet, Nathalie Marsaud, Frédéric Escudié and Eric Pante
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:259
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC/MH) have attracted considerable scientific interest due to their exceptional levels of variability and important function as part of the adaptive immune s...

    Authors: Anthony B Wilson, Camilla M Whittington and Angela Bahr
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:273
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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