Oates JF, Bergl R, Linder J. Africa’s gulf of guinea forests: biodiversity patterns and conservation priorities. Advances in Applied Biodiversity Science. 2004;6:1–95.
Google Scholar
Booth AH. The Niger, the Volta and the Dahomey Gap as geographic barriers. Evolution. 1958;12:48–62.
Article
Google Scholar
Moreau RE. Climatic changes and the distribution of forest vertebrates in West Africa. J Zool. 1969;158(1):39–61.
Article
Google Scholar
Oates JF. The distribution of Cercopithecus monkeys in West African forests. In: Gautier-Hion A, Boulière F, Gautier JP, Kingdon J, editors. A Primate Radiation: Evolutionary Biology of the African Guenons. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1988. p. 79–103.
Google Scholar
Haffer J. Speciation in Amazon forest birds. Science. 1969;165:131–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Endler JA. Pleistocene forest refuges: Fact or fancy? In: Prance GT, editor. Biological Diversification in the Tropics. New York: Columbia Univeristy Press; 1982. p. 641–57.
Google Scholar
Mayr E, O'Hara RJ. The biogeographic evidence supporting the Pleistocene forest refuge hypothesis. Evolution. 1986;40(1):55–67.
Article
Google Scholar
Haffer J. Hypotheses to explain the origin of species in Amazonia. Braz J Biol. 2008;68(4):917–47.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maley J. The African rain forest - Main characteristics of changes in vegetation and climate from the Upper Cretaceous to the Quaternary. Proc Roy Soc Edinb B Biol Sci. 1996;104:31–73.
Article
Google Scholar
Robbins CB. The Dahomey gap—a reevaluation of its significance as a faunal barrier to West African high forest mammals. Bull Carnegie Mus Nat Hist. 1978;6:168–74.
Google Scholar
Myers N, Mittermeler RA, Mittermeler CG, Da Fonseca GAB, Kent J. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature. 2000;403(6772):853–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gonder MK, Locatelli S, Ghobrial L, Mitchell MW, Kujawski JT, Lankester FJ, Stewart CB, Tishkoff SA. Evidence from Cameroon reveals differences in the genetic structure and histories of chimpanzee populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2011;108(12):4766–71.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Groves CP. Primate Taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution: Washington, D.C; 2001.
Google Scholar
Grubb P, Butynski TM, Oates JF, Bearder SK, Disotell TR, Groves CP, Struhsaker TT. Assessment of the diversity of african primates. Int J Primatol. 2003;24(6):1301–57.
Article
Google Scholar
Kingdon J. The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Princeton University Press: Princeton; 2003.
Google Scholar
Clifford SL, Anthony NM, Bawe-Johnson M, Abernethy KA, Tutin CE, White LJ, et al. Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Mol Ecol. 2004;13(6):1551–65.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Anthony NM, Johnson-Bawe M, Jeffery K, Clifford SL, Abernethy KA, Tutin CE, et al. The role of Pleistocene refugia and rivers in shaping gorilla genetic diversity in central Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2007;104(51):20432–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Harcourt AH, Wood MA. Rivers as barriers to primate distributions in Africa. Int J Primatol. 2012;33(1):168–83.
Article
Google Scholar
Chapman CA. Speciation of tropical rainforest primates of Africa: insular biogeography. Afr J Ecol. 1983;21(4):297–308.
Article
Google Scholar
Gonder MK, Oates JF, Disotell TR, Forstner MR, Morales JC, Melnick DJ. A new west African chimpanzee subspecies? Nature. 1997;388(6640):337.
Gagneux P, Gonder MK, Goldberg TL, Morin PA. Gene flow in wild chimpanzee populations: what genetic data tell us about chimpanzee movement over space and time. Phil Trans Biol S. 2001;356(1410):889–97.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gonder MK, Disotell TR, Oates JF. New genetic evidence on the evolution of chimpanzee populations, and implications for taxonomy. Int J Primatol. 2006;27(4):1103–27.
Article
Google Scholar
Mitchell MW, Locatelli S, Ghobrial L, Pokempner AA, Sesink Clee PR, Abwe EE, et al. The population genetics of wild chimpanzees in Cameroon and Nigeria suggests a positive role for selection in the evolution of chimpanzee subspecies. BMC Evol Biol. In review.
Nichol JE. Geomorphological evidence and Pleistocene refugia in Africa. Geogr J. 1999;165(1):79–89.
Article
Google Scholar
Ghobrial L, Lankester F, Kiyang JA, Akih AE, de Vries S, Fotso R, et al. Tracing the origins of rescued chimpanzees reveals widespread chimpanzee hunting in Cameroon. BMC Ecology. 2010;10(1):2.
Schneider CJ, Smith TB, Larison B, Moritz C. A test of alternative models of diversification in tropical rainforests: Ecological gradients vs. rainforest refugia. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 1999;96(24):13869–73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Freedman AH, Thomassen HA, Buermann W, Smith TB. Genomic signals of diversification along ecological gradients in a tropical lizard. Mol Ecol. 2010;19(17):3773–88.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moritz C, Patton JL, Schneider CJ, Smith TB. Diversification of rainforest faunas: An integrated molecular approach. Annu Rev Ecol Syst. 2000;31(1):533–63.
Article
Google Scholar
White F. The Vegetation of Africa. Paris: UNESCO; 1983.
Google Scholar
Smith TB, Wayne RK, Girman DJ, Bruford MW. A role for ecotones in generating rainforest biodiversity. Science. 1997;276(5320):1855–7.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Simard F, Ayala D, Kamdem G, Pombi M, Etouna J, Ose K, Fotsing JM, Fontenille D, Besansky N, Costantini C. Ecological niche partitioning between Anopheles gambiae molecular forms in Cameroon: the ecological side of speciation. BMC Ecol. 2009;9(1):17.
Smith TB, Thomassen HA, Freedman AH, Sehgal RNM, Buermann W, Saatchi S, et al. Patterns of divergence in the olive sunbird Cyanomitra olivacea (Aves: Nectariniidae) across the African rainforest-savanna ecotone. Biol J Linn Soc. 2011;103(4):821–35.
Article
Google Scholar
Sesink Clee PR, Abwe EE, Ambahe RD, Anthony NM, Fotso R, Locatelli S, et al. Chimpanzee population genetic structure in Cameroon and Nigeria is associated with habitat variation that may be lost under climate change. BMC Evol Biol. In review.
Thomassen HA, Cheviron ZA, Freedman AH, Harrigan RJ, Wayne RK, Smith TB. Spatial modelling and landscape-level approaches for visualizing intra-specific variation. Mol Ecol. 2010;19(17):3532–48.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wang IJ, Bradburd GS: Isolation by environment. Mol Ecol. 2014;23(23):5649-5662.
Ferrier S, Manion G, Elith J, Richardson K. Using generalized dissimilarity modelling to analyse and predict patterns of beta diversity in regional biodiversity assessment. Divers Distrib. 2007;13(3):252–64.
Article
Google Scholar
Antao T, Lopes A, Lopes RJ, Beja-Pereira A, Luikart G: LOSITAN: A workbench to detect molecular adaptation based on a Fst-outlier method. BMC Bioinformatics. 2008;9(1):323.
Tamura K, Nei M. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol. 1993;10(3):512–26.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Maisels F. Mbam Djerem National Park, Cameroon: at the forest's edge. Canopee. 2005;27:2–6.
Google Scholar
Guillot G, Mortier F, Estoup A. GENELAND: a computer package for landscape genetics. Mol Ecol Notes. 2005;5(3):712–5.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Chen C, Durand E, Forbes F, François O. Bayesian clustering algorithms ascertaining spatial population structure: A new computer program and a comparison study. Mol Ecol Notes. 2007;7(5):747–56.
Article
Google Scholar
Corander J, Marttinen P, Sirén J, Tang J. Enhanced Bayesian modelling in BAPS software for learning genetic structures of populations. BMC Bioinformatics. 2008;9:539.
Durand E, Jay F, Gaggiotti OE, François O. Spatial inference of admixture proportions and secondary contact zones. Mol Biol Evol. 2009;26(9):1963–73.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jay F. POPS: Prediction of population genetic structure - Program documentation and tutorial. Grenoble, France: University Joseph Fourier; 2011.
Google Scholar
Mitchell MW, Rowe B, Sesink Clee PR, Gonder MK. TESS Ad-Mixer: A novel program for visualizing TESS Q matrices. Conserv Genet Resour. 2013;5(4):1075–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Vandergast AG, Bohonak AJ, Hathaway SA, Boys J, Fisher RN. Are hotspots of evolutionary potential adequately protected in southern California? Biol Conserv. 2008;141(6):1648–64.
Article
Google Scholar
Thomassen HA, Buermann W, Milá B, Graham CH, Cameron SE, Schneider CJ, Pollinger JP, Saatchi S, Wayne RK, Smith TB. Modeling environmentally associated morphological and genetic variation in a rainforest bird, and its application to conservation prioritization. Evol Appl. 2010;3(1):1–16.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gilbert M, Xiao X, Pfeiffer DU, Epprecht M, Boles S, Czarnecki C, et al. Mapping H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza risk in Southeast Asia. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2008;105(12):4769–74.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Harrigan RJ, Thomassen HA, Buermann W, Cummings RF, Kahn ME, Smith TB. Economic conditions predict prevalence of west nile virus. PLoS ONE. 2010;5(11):e15437.
Loiseau C, Harrigan RJ, Cornel AJ, Guers SL, Dodge M, Marzec T, Carlson JS, Seppi B, Sehgal RNM. First evidence and predictions of plasmodium transmission in alaskan bird populations. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(9):e44729.
Cornuault J, Khimoun A, Harrigan RJ, Bourgeois YXC, Milá B, Thébaud C, Heeb P. The role of ecology in the geographical separation of blood parasites infecting an insular bird. J Biogeogr. 2013;40(7):1313–23.
Article
Google Scholar
Carnaval AC, Hickerson MJ, Haddad CFB, Rodrigues MT, Moritz C. Stability predicts genetic diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Hotspot. Science. 2009;323(5915):785–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pease KM, Freedman AH, Pollinger JP, McCormack JE, Buermann W, Rodzen J, et al. Landscape genetics of California mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus): the roles of ecological and historical factors in generating differentiation. Mol Ecol. 2009;18(9):1848–62.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Novembre J, Stephens M. Interpreting principal component analyses of spatial population genetic variation. Nat Genet. 2008;40(5):646–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Breiman L. Random Forests. Mach Learn. 2001;45(1):5–32.
Article
Google Scholar
Cutler DR, Edwards TC, Beard KH, Cutler A, Hess KT, Gibson J, Lawler JJ. Random forests for classification in ecology. Ecology. 2007;88(11):2783–92.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Excoffier L, Lischer HEL. Arlequin suite ver 3.5: A new series of programs to perform population genetics analyses under Linux and Windows. Mol Ecol Resour. 2010;10(3):564–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Keele BF, Van Heuverswyn F, Li Y, Bailes E, Takehisa J, Santiago ML, et al. Chimpanzee Reservoirs of Pandemic and Nonpandemic HIV-1. Science. 2006;313(5786):523–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Neel C, Etienne L, Li Y, Takehisa J, Rudicell RS, Bass IN, et al. Molecular epidemiology of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in wild-living gorillas. J Virol. 2010;84(3):1464–76.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Brown WM, Prager EM, Wang A, Wilson AC. Mitochondrial DNA sequences of primates: Tempo and mode of evolution. J Mol Evol. 1982;18(4):225–39.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Farr TG, Rosen PA, Caro E, Crippen R, Duren R, Hensley S, et al. The shuttle radar topography mission. Rev Geophys. 2007;45(2): RG2004.
Lehner B, Verdin K, Jarvis A. New global hydrography derived from spaceborne elevation data. Eos, Trans Am Geophys Union. 2008;89(10):93–4.
Article
Google Scholar
Hijmans RJ, Cameron SE, Parra JL, Jones PG, Jarvis A. Very high resolution interpolated climate surfaces for global land areas. Int J Climatol. 2005;25(15):1965–78.
Article
Google Scholar
Hansen MC, Defries RS, Townshend JRG, Sohlberg R. Global land cover classification at 1 km spatial resolution using a classification tree approach. Int J Remote Sens. 2000;21(6–7):1331–64.
Article
Google Scholar
Myneni RB, Hoffman S, Knyazikhin Y, Privette JL, Glassy J, Tian Y, et al. Global products of vegetation leaf area and fraction absorbed PAR from year one of MODIS data. Remote Sens Environ. 2002;83(1–2):214–31.
Article
Google Scholar
Long DG, Drinkwater MR, Holt B, Saatchi S, Bertoia C. Global ice and land climate studies using scatterometer image data. Eos, Trans Am Geophys Union. 2001;82(43):503.
Phillips SJ, Anderson RP, Schapire RE. Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecol Model. 2006;190(3–4):231–59.
Article
Google Scholar
Morgan B, Adeleke A, Bassey T, Bergl R, Dunn A, Fotso R, et al. Regional Action Plan for the Conservation of the Nigeria-Cameroon Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes ellioti). Gland, Switzerland and San Diego, CA, USA: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group and Zoological Society of San Diego, CA, USA; 2011.
Google Scholar
McRae BH, Beier P. Circuit theory predicts gene flow in plant and animal populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2007;104(50):19885–90.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Spear SF, Balkenhol N, Fortin MJ, McRae BH, Scribner K. Use of resistance surfaces for landscape genetic studies: Considerations for parameterization and analysis. Mol Ecol. 2010;19(17):3576–91.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schwartz MK, Copeland JP, Anderson NJ, Squires JR, Inman RM, McKelvey KS, Pilgrim KL, Waits LP, Cushman SA. Wolverine gene flow across a narrow climatic niche. Ecology. 2009;90(11):3222–32.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Strahler AN. Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Trans Am Geophys Union. 1957;38(6):913–20.
Article
Google Scholar
Thomassen HA, Fuller T, Buermann W, Milá B, Kieswetter CM, Jarrín-V P, et al. Mapping evolutionary process: A multi-taxa approach to conservation prioritization. Evol Appl. 2011;4(2):397–413.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar