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  1. Divergence within cis-regulatory sequences may contribute to the adaptive evolution of gene expression, but functional alleles in these regions are difficult to identify without abundant genomic resources. Among ...

    Authors: Kelly E O'Quin, Daniel Smith, Zan Naseer, Jane Schulte, Samuel D Engel, Yong-Hwee E Loh, J Todd Streelman, Jeffrey L Boore and Karen L Carleton
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:120
  2. The Eastern Arc Mountains of Africa have become one of the focal systems with which to explore the patterns and mechanisms of diversification among montane species and populations. One unresolved question is t...

    Authors: Jérôme Fuchs, Jon Fjeldså and Rauri CK Bowie
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:117
  3. Phenotypic evolution and its role in the diversification of organisms is a central topic in evolutionary biology. A neglected factor during the modern evolutionary synthesis, adaptive phenotypic plasticity, mo...

    Authors: Moritz Muschick, Marta Barluenga, Walter Salzburger and Axel Meyer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:116
  4. Evolutionary novelties often appear by conferring completely new functions to pre-existing structures or by innovating the mechanism through which a particular function is performed. Sound production plays a c...

    Authors: Iker Irisarri, Miguel Vences, Diego San Mauro, Frank Glaw and Rafael Zardoya
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:114
  5. Hybridization and polyploidy are potent forces that have regularly stimulated plant evolution and adaptation. Dactylorhiza majalis s.s., D. traunsteineri s.l. and D. ebudensis are three allopolyploid species of a...

    Authors: Ovidiu Paun, Richard M Bateman, Michael F Fay, Javier A Luna, Justin Moat, Mikael Hedrén and Mark W Chase
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:113
  6. Cetacea (dolphins, porpoises, and whales) is a clade of aquatic species that includes the most massive, deepest diving, and largest brained mammals. Understanding the temporal pattern of diversification in the...

    Authors: Jonathan H Geisler, Michael R McGowen, Guang Yang and John Gatesy
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:112
  7. Transposable elements (TEs) constitute an important source of genetic variability owing to their jumping and regulatory properties, and are considered to drive species evolution. Several factors that are able ...

    Authors: María Pilar García Guerreiro and Antonio Fontdevila
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:111
  8. Major intrinsic proteins (MIPs) also named aquaporins form channels facilitating the passive transport of water and other small polar molecules across membranes. MIPs are particularly abundant and diverse in t...

    Authors: Hanna I Anderberg, Jonas ÅH Danielson and Urban Johanson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:110
  9. Species generally have a fixed number of chromosomes in the cell nuclei while between-species differences are common and often pronounced. These differences could have evolved through multiple speciation event...

    Authors: Vladimir A Lukhtanov, Vlad Dincă, Gerard Talavera and Roger Vila
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:109
  10. A complex of incipient species with different degrees of morphological or ecological differentiation provides an ideal model for studying species divergence. We examined the phylogeography and the evolutionary...

    Authors: Chi-Chun Huang, Kuo-Hsiang Hung, Chi-Chuan Hwang, Jao-Ching Huang, Hung-Du Lin, Wei-Kuang Wang, Pei-Yin Wu, Tsai-Wen Hsu and Tzen-Yuh Chiang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:108
  11. The SLC11A1/Nramp1 and SLC11A2/Nramp2 genes belong to the SLC11/Nramp family of transmembrane divalent metal transporters, with SLC11A1 being associated with resistance to pathogens and SLC11A2 involved in intest...

    Authors: João V Neves, Jonathan M Wilson, Heiner Kuhl, Richard Reinhardt, L Filipe C Castro and Pedro NS Rodrigues
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:106
  12. Euglenophytes are a group of photosynthetic flagellates possessing a plastid derived from a green algal endosymbiont, which was incorporated into an ancestral host cell via secondary endosymbiosis. However, th...

    Authors: Shinichiro Maruyama, Toshinobu Suzaki, Andreas PM Weber, John M Archibald and Hisayoshi Nozaki
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:105
  13. The terrestrial habitat was colonized by the ancestors of modern land plants about 500 to 470 million years ago. Today it is widely accepted that land plants (embryophytes) evolved from streptophyte algae, als...

    Authors: Sabina Wodniok, Henner Brinkmann, Gernot Glöckner, Andrew J Heidel, Hervé Philippe, Michael Melkonian and Burkhard Becker
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:104
  14. The classification of the Musaceae (banana) family species and their phylogenetic inter-relationships remain controversial, in part due to limited nucleotide information to complement the morphological and phy...

    Authors: Pavla Christelová, Miroslav Valárik, Eva Hřibová, Edmond De Langhe and Jaroslav Doležel
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:103
  15. Sperm competition is a driving force in the evolution of male sperm characteristics in many species. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, larger male sperm evolve under experimentally increased sperm competiti...

    Authors: Rosalind L Murray, Joanna L Kozlowska and Asher D Cutter
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:99
  16. Representatives of Cetacea have the greatest absolute brain size among animals, and the largest relative brain size aside from humans. Despite this, genes implicated in the evolution of large brain size in pri...

    Authors: Michael R McGowen, Stephen H Montgomery, Clay Clark and John Gatesy
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:98
  17. Deep-sea hydrothermal vent animals occupy patchy and ephemeral habitats supported by chemosynthetic primary production. Volcanic and tectonic activities controlling the turnover of these habitats contribute to...

    Authors: D Katharine Coykendall, Shannon B Johnson, Stephen A Karl, Richard A Lutz and Robert C Vrijenhoek
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:96
  18. The reproductive ground plan hypothesis of social evolution suggests that reproductive controls of a solitary ancestor have been co-opted during social evolution, facilitating the division of labor among socia...

    Authors: Allie M Graham, Michael D Munday, Osman Kaftanoglu, Robert E Page Jr, Gro V Amdam and Olav Rueppell
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:95
  19. Pleistocene glacial oscillations have significantly affected the historical population dynamics of temperate taxa. However, the general effects of recent climatic changes on the evolutionary history and geneti...

    Authors: Jen-Pan Huang and Chung-Ping Lin
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:94
  20. Surprisingly, in several multi-cellular eukaryotes optimal codon use correlates negatively with gene length. This contrasts with the expectation under selection for translational accuracy. While suggested expl...

    Authors: Nina Stoletzki
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:93
  21. Mustelidae, as the largest and most-diverse family of order Carnivora, comprises eight subfamilies. Phylogenetic relationships among these Mustelidae subfamilies remain argumentative subjects in recent years. ...

    Authors: Li Yu, Dan Peng, Jiang Liu, Pengtao Luan, Lu Liang, Hang Lee, Muyeong Lee, Oliver A Ryder and Yaping Zhang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:92
  22. The malaria mosquito species of subgenus Cellia have rich inversion polymorphisms that correlate with environmental variables. Polymorphic inversions tend to cluster on the chromosomal arms 2R and 2L but not on X...

    Authors: Maria V Sharakhova, Ai Xia, Scotland C Leman and Igor V Sharakhov
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:91
  23. Studies on genome size variation in animals are rarely done at lower taxonomic levels, e.g., slightly above/below the species level. Yet, such variation might provide important clues on the tempo and mode of g...

    Authors: Claus-Peter Stelzer, Simone Riss and Peter Stadler
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:90
  24. A gene's position in regulatory, protein interaction or metabolic networks can be predictive of the strength of purifying selection acting on it, but these relationships are neither universal nor invariably st...

    Authors: Corey M Hudson and Gavin C Conant
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:89
  25. Human activities, such as agriculture, hunting, and habitat modification, exert a significant effect on native species. Although many species have suffered population declines, increased population fragmentati...

    Authors: Amy L Russell, Murray P Cox, Veronica A Brown and Gary F McCracken
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:88
  26. Nucleoside diphosphate kinases NDPK are evolutionarily conserved enzymes present in Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya, with human Nme1 the most studied representative of the family and the first identified metasta...

    Authors: Drago Perina, Maja Herak Bosnar, Ružica Bago, Andreja Mikoč, Matija Harcet, Martina Deželjin and Helena Ćetković
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:87
  27. Figs and fig-pollinating wasp species usually display a highly specific one-to-one association. However, more and more studies have revealed that the "one-to-one" rule has been broken. Co-pollinators have been...

    Authors: Xiao-Jing Sun, Jin-Hua Xiao, James M Cook, Gui Feng and Da-Wei Huang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:86
  28. Today many large mammals live in small, fragmented populations, but it is often unclear whether this subdivision is the result of long-term or recent events. Demographic modeling using genetic data can estimat...

    Authors: Olaf Thalmann, Daniel Wegmann, Marie Spitzner, Mimi Arandjelovic, Katerina Guschanski, Christoph Leuenberger, Richard A Bergl and Linda Vigilant
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:85
  29. Social Amoebae or Dictyostelia are eukaryotic microbes with a unique life cycle consisting of both uni- and multicellular stages. They have long fascinated molecular, developmental and evolutionary biologists,...

    Authors: Maria Romeralo, James C Cavender, John C Landolt, Steven L Stephenson and Sandra L Baldauf
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:84
  30. The study of speciation in the marine realm is challenging because of the apparent absence of physical barriers to dispersal, which are one of the main drivers of genetic diversity. Although phylogeographic st...

    Authors: Kang-Ning Shen, Brian Wade Jamandre, Chih-Chieh Hsu, Wann-Nian Tzeng and Jean-Dominique Durand
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:83
  31. Quantitative studies of the variation of disparity during ontogeny exhibited by the radiation of coral reef fishes are lacking. Such studies dealing with the variation of disparity, i.e. the diversity of organ...

    Authors: Bruno Frédérich and Pierre Vandewalle
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:82
  32. PCR-based surveys have shown that guppies (Poecilia reticulata) have an unusually large visual-opsin gene repertoire. This has led to speculation that opsin duplication and divergence has enhanced the evolution o...

    Authors: Christopher RJ Laver and John S Taylor
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:81
  33. Urea amidolyase breaks down urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide in a two-step process, while another enzyme, urease, does this in a one step-process. Urea amidolyase has been found only in some fungal species...

    Authors: Pooja K Strope, Kenneth W Nickerson, Steven D Harris and Etsuko N Moriyama
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:80
  34. Innate immunity is the ancient defense system of multicellular organisms against microbial infection. The basis of this first line of defense resides in the recognition of unique motifs conserved in microorgan...

    Authors: Adriana M Montaño, Fumi Tsujino, Naoyuki Takahata and Yoko Satta
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:79
  35. Polyploidy has long been recognized as playing an important role in plant evolution. In flowering plants, the major route of polyploidization is suggested to be sexual through gametes with somatic chromosome n...

    Authors: Riccardo Aiese Cigliano, Walter Sanseverino, Gaetana Cremona, Federica M Consiglio and Clara Conicella
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:78
  36. Colobine monkeys constitute a diverse group of primates with major radiations in Africa and Asia. However, phylogenetic relationships among genera are under debate, and recent molecular studies with incomplete...

    Authors: Christian Roos, Dietmar Zinner, Laura S Kubatko, Christiane Schwarz, Mouyu Yang, Dirk Meyer, Stephen D Nash, Jinchuan Xing, Mark A Batzer, Markus Brameier, Fabian H Leendertz, Thomas Ziegler, Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah, Tilo Nadler, Lutz Walter and Martin Osterholz
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:77
  37. Most evolutionary studies on the size of brains and different parts of the brain have relied on interspecific comparisons, and have uncovered correlations between brain architecture and various ecological, beh...

    Authors: Abigél Gonda, Gábor Herczeg and Juha Merilä
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:75
  38. Previously, we described the heat shock response in dipteran species belonging to the family Stratiomyidae that develop in thermally and chemically contrasting habitats including highly aggressive ones. Althou...

    Authors: David G Garbuz, Irina A Yushenova, Olga G Zatsepina, Andrey A Przhiboro, Brian R Bettencourt and Michael B Evgen'ev
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:74
  39. Dogs were an important element in many native American cultures at the time Europeans arrived. Although previous ancient DNA studies revealed the existence of unique native American mitochondrial sequences, th...

    Authors: Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher, Pontus Skoglund, Raúl Valadez, Carles Vilà and Jennifer A Leonard
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:73
  40. Genes involved in post-mating processes of multiple mating organisms are known to evolve rapidly due to coevolution driven by sexual conflict among male-female interacting proteins. In the malaria mosquito Anophe...

    Authors: Emiliano Mancini, Federica Tammaro, Francesco Baldini, Allegra Via, Domenico Raimondo, Phillip George, Paolo Audisio, Igor V Sharakhov, Anna Tramontano, Flaminia Catteruccia and Alessandra della Torre
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:72
  41. Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for the most acute form of human malaria. Most recent studies demonstrate that it belongs to a monophyletic lineage specialized in the infection of great ape hosts. Several ot...

    Authors: Samuel Blanquart and Olivier Gascuel
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2011 11:70

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