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  2. Multiple prokaryotic lineages use the arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway for anaerobic energy production by arginine degradation. The distribution of this pathway among eukaryotes has been thought to be very lim...

    Authors: Lukáš Novák, Zuzana Zubáčová, Anna Karnkowska, Martin Kolisko, Miluše Hroudová, Courtney W. Stairs, Alastair G. B. Simpson, Patrick J. Keeling, Andrew J. Roger, Ivan Čepička and Vladimír Hampl
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:197
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Syllids are a species rich annelid family possessing remarkable regenerative ability, which is not only the response after traumatic injury, but also a key step during the life cycle of several syllid taxa. In...

    Authors: Michael Weidhase, Patrick Beckers, Christoph Bleidorn and M. Teresa Aguado
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:196
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Reproductive success is determined by the interplay between mating and fertilization success. In social insect species with male-biased sex ratios and queen monogamy, males face particularly strong pre-copulat...

    Authors: Sheina Koffler, Hiara Marques Meneses, Astrid de Matos Peixoto Kleinert and Rodolfo Jaffé
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:195
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The dentitions of extinct organisms can provide pivotal information regarding their phylogenetic position, as well as paleobiology, diet, development, and growth. Extant birds are edentulous (toothless), but t...

    Authors: Maïtena Dumont, Paul Tafforeau, Thomas Bertin, Bhart-Anjan Bhullar, Daniel Field, Anne Schulp, Brandon Strilisky, Béatrice Thivichon-Prince, Laurent Viriot and Antoine Louchart
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:178
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Larvae of the Holarctic mayfly genus Rhithrogena Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) are a diverse and abundant member of stream and river communities and are routinely used as bio-indicators of water qual...

    Authors: Laurent Vuataz, Sereina Rutschmann, Michael T. Monaghan and Michel Sartori
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:194
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Studies of geographic variation can provide insight into the evolutionary processes involved in the early stages of biological diversification. In particular, multiple, replicated cases of geographic trait div...

    Authors: Julienne Ng, Alison G. Ossip-Klein and Richard E. Glor
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:193
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The last time the phylogenetic relationships among members of the family Hemerobiidae were studied quantitatively was over 12 years ago and based exclusively on morphology. Our study builds upon this morpholog...

    Authors: Ivonne J. Garzón-Orduña, Imelda Menchaca-Armenta, Atilano Contreras-Ramos, Xingyue Liu and Shaun L. Winterton
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:192
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Adaptive divergence, which usually explains rapid diversification within island species, might involve the positive selection of genes. Anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (ABP) genes are important for floral div...

    Authors: Bing-Hong Huang, Yi-Wen Chen, Chia-Lung Huang, Jian Gao and Pei-Chun Liao
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:191
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The disproportionate species richness of the world’s biodiversity hotspots could be explained by low extinction (the evolutionary “museum”) and/or high speciation (the “hot-bed”) models. We test these models u...

    Authors: M. D. Pirie, E. G. H. Oliver, A. Mugrabi de Kuppler, B. Gehrke, N. C. Le Maitre, M. Kandziora and D. U. Bellstedt
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Centromeres are essential for accurate chromosome segregation, yet sequence conservation is low even among closely related species. Centromere drive predicts rapid turnover because some centromeric sequences m...

    Authors: Yu-Ching Huang, Chih-Chi Lee, Chia-Yi Kao, Ni-Chen Chang, Chung-Chi Lin, DeWayne Shoemaker and John Wang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:189
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Archosauromorpha originated in the middle–late Permian, radiated during the Triassic, and gave rise to the crown group Archosauria, a highly successful clade of reptiles in terrestrial ecosystems over the last...

    Authors: Christian Foth, Martín D. Ezcurra, Roland B. Sookias, Stephen L. Brusatte and Richard J. Butler
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:188
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Phylogeography and historical demography of the cyprinid fish Diptychus maculatus (subfamily Schizothoracinae) are evaluated across three river systems in the Northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and Tien Shan ...

    Authors: Guogang Li, Yongtao Tang, Renyi Zhang and Kai Zhao
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:186
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Distributions of European fish species were shaped by glaciations and the geological history of river networks until human activities partially abrogated the restrictions of biogeographical regions. The nearby...

    Authors: Alexandre Gouskov and Christoph Vorburger
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:185
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Co-dispersal of sperm-dependent hybrids and their sexual relatives is expected to result in consistent spatial patterns between assemblages of hybrids and genetic structure of parental species. However, local ...

    Authors: Roland Vergilino, Christelle Leung and Bernard Angers
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:183
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in Madagascar is caused by a complex of at least six African cassava mosaic geminivirus (CMG) species. This provides a rare opportunity for a comparative study of the evolutionary ...

    Authors: Alexandre De Bruyn, Mireille Harimalala, Innocent Zinga, Batsirai M. Mabvakure, Murielle Hoareau, Virginie Ravigné, Matthew Walters, Bernard Reynaud, Arvind Varsani, Gordon W. Harkins, Darren P. Martin, Jean-Michel Lett and Pierre Lefeuvre
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:182
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The Bryozoa (=Ectoprocta) is a large group of bilaterians that exhibit great variability in the innervation of tentacles and in the organization of the cerebral ganglion. Investigations of bryozoans from diffe...

    Authors: Elena N. Temereva and Igor A. Kosevich
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:181
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Curious parallels between the processes of species and language evolution have been observed by many researchers. Retracing the evolution of Indo-European (IE) languages remains one of the most intriguing inte...

    Authors: Matthieu Willems, Etienne Lord, Louise Laforest, Gilbert Labelle, François-Joseph Lapointe, Anna Maria Di Sciullo and Vladimir Makarenkov
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Colour polymorphic species provide invaluable insight into processes that generate and maintain intra-specific variation. Despite an increasing understanding of the genetic basis of discrete morphs, sources of...

    Authors: Katrina J. Rankin, Claire A. McLean, Darrell J. Kemp and Devi Stuart-Fox
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:179
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The subterranean blind mole rat, Spalax (genus Nannospalax) endures extreme hypoxic conditions and fluctuations in oxygen levels that threaten DNA integrity. Nevertheless, Spalax is long-lived, does not develop s...

    Authors: Vered Domankevich, Yarden Opatowsky, Assaf Malik, Abraham B. Korol, Zeev Frenkel, Irena Manov, Aaron Avivi and Imad Shams
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:177
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Multiple animal species exhibit morphological asymmetries in male genitalia. In insects, left-right genital asymmetries evolved many times independently and have been proposed to appear in response to changes ...

    Authors: Flor T. Rhebergen, Virginie Courtier-Orgogozo, Julien Dumont, Menno Schilthuizen and Michael Lang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:176
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The effect of anthropogenic environments on the function of the vertebrate immune system is a problem of general importance. For example, it relates to the increasing rates of immunologically-based disease in ...

    Authors: Pascal I. Hablützel, Martha Brown, Ida M. Friberg and Joseph A. Jackson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:175
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. On account of repeated exposure and submergence of the East China Sea (ECS) land bridge, sea level fluctuation played an important role in shaping the population structure of many temperate species across the ...

    Authors: Danli Zhang, Zhen Ye, Kazutaka Yamada, Yahui Zhen, Chenguang Zheng and Wenjun Bu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:174
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. In mouse ES cells, the function of Sox2 is essential for the maintenance of pluripotency. Since the Sox-family of transcription factors are well conserved in the animal kingdom, addressing the evolutionary ori...

    Authors: Hitoshi Niwa, Akira Nakamura, Makoto Urata, Maki Shirae-Kurabayashi, Shigehiro Kuraku, Steven Russell and Satoshi Ohtsuka
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:173
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Avian plumage is ideal for investigating phenotypic convergence because of repeated evolution of the same within-feather patterns. In birds, there are three major types of regular patterns within feathers: sca...

    Authors: Thanh-Lan Gluckman and Nicholas I. Mundy
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:172
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Socially cued anticipatory plasticity (SCAP) has been proposed as a widespread mechanism of adaptive life-history shifts in semelparous species with extreme male mating investment. Such mating systems evolved ...

    Authors: Rainer Neumann and Jutta M. Schneider
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Fluorescent proteins are optically active proteins found across many clades in metazoans. A fluorescent protein was recently identified in a ctenophore, but this has been suggested to derive from a cnidarian, ...

    Authors: Warren R. Francis, Lynne M. Christianson, Meghan L. Powers, Christine E. Schnitzler and Steven H. D. Haddock
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:167
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  33. Social learning is potentially advantageous, but evolutionary theory predicts that (i) its benefits may be self-limiting because social learning can lead to information parasitism, and (ii) these limitations c...

    Authors: Daniel J. van der Post, Mathias Franz and Kevin N. Laland
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:166
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  34. The development of multicellular organisms is coordinated by various gene regulatory mechanisms that ensure correct spatio-temporal patterns of gene expression. Recently, the role of antisense transcription in...

    Authors: Christian Rödelsperger, Kevin Menden, Vahan Serobyan, Hanh Witte and Praveen Baskaran
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:165
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  35. Transitions from marine to intertidal and terrestrial habitats resulted in a significant adaptive radiation within the Panpulmonata (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia). This clade comprises several groups that invade...

    Authors: Pedro E. Romero, Alexander M. Weigand and Markus Pfenninger
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Predicting adaptive trajectories is a major goal of evolutionary biology and useful for practical applications. Systems biology has enabled the development of genome-scale metabolic models. However, analysing ...

    Authors: Tobias Großkopf, Jessika Consuegra, Joël Gaffé, John C. Willison, Richard E. Lenski, Orkun S. Soyer and Dominique Schneider
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:163
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. A multiscale network of two galectins Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and Galectin-8 (Gal-8) patterns the avian limb skeleton. Among vertebrates with paired appendages, chondrichthyan fins typically have one or more cartil...

    Authors: Ramray Bhat, Mahul Chakraborty, Tilmann Glimm, Thomas A. Stewart and Stuart A. Newman
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:162
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. In most animal groups, it is unclear how body size variation relates to genital size differences between the sexes. While most morphological features tend to scale with total somatic size, this does not necess...

    Authors: Nik Lupše, Ren-Chung Cheng and Matjaž Kuntner
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:161
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The infant cry is the most important communicative tool to elicit adaptive parental behaviour. Sex-specific adaptation, linked to parental investment, may have evolutionary shaped the responsiveness to changes...

    Authors: Wiebke S. Konerding, Elke Zimmermann, Eva Bleich, Hans-Jürgen Hedrich and Marina Scheumann
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:157
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Improved performance in a given ecological niche can occur through local adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, or a combination of these mechanisms. Evaluating the relative importance of these two mechanisms is n...

    Authors: Martin Laporte, Anne C. Dalziel, Nicolas Martin and Louis Bernatchez
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:160
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Living anguilliform eels represent a distinct clade of elongated teleostean fishes inhabiting a wide range of habitats. Locomotion of these fishes is highly influenced by the elongated body shape, the anatomy ...

    Authors: Cathrin Pfaff, Roberto Zorzin and Jürgen Kriwet
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:159
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Habitat selection may have profound evolutionary consequences, but they strongly depend on the underlying preference mechanism, including genetically-determined, natal habitat and phenotype-dependent preferenc...

    Authors: Carlos Camacho, David Canal and Jaime Potti
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:158
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Human influenza virus A/H3N2 undergoes rapid adaptive evolution in response to host immunity. Positively selected amino acid substitutions have been detected mainly in the hemagglutinin (HA) segment. The genea...

    Authors: Kangchon Kim and Yuseob Kim
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:156
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Pterygota insects typically have symmetric veins in left and right wings. For studying taxonomy and phylogeny of fossil insects, venational patterns are commonly used as diagnostic characters, in conjunction w...

    Authors: Taiping Gao, Chungkun Shih, Michael S. Engel and Dong Ren
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:155
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The actual connectivity between populations of freshwater organisms is largely determined by species biology, but is also influenced by many area- and site-specific factors, such as water pollution and habitat...

    Authors: Martina Weiss and Florian Leese
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:153
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Hadrosaurid dinosaurs, dominant Late Cretaceous herbivores, possessed complex dental batteries with up to 300 teeth in each jaw ramus. Despite extensive interest in the adaptive significance of the dental batt...

    Authors: Aaron R. H. LeBlanc, Robert R. Reisz, David C. Evans and Alida M. Bailleul
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:152
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. A central part of an animal's environment is its interactions with conspecifics. There has been growing interest in the potential to capture these interactions in the form of a social network. Such networks ca...

    Authors: David N. Fisher, Rolando Rodríguez-Muñoz and Tom Tregenza
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:151
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. The extent of genetic structure of a species is determined by the amount of current gene flow and the impact of historical and demographic factors. Most marine invertebrates have planktonic larvae and conseque...

    Authors: Sara Fratini, Lapo Ragionieri, Temim Deli, Alexandra Harrer, Ilaria A. M. Marino, Stefano Cannicci, Lorenzo Zane and Christoph D. Schubart
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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