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  1. GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3) genes encode signal transduction proteins with roles in a variety of biological processes in eukaryotes. In contrast to the low copy numbers observed in animals, GSK3 genes have ...

    Authors: Xinshuai Qi, André S Chanderbali, Gane Ka-Shu Wong, Douglas E Soltis and Pamela S Soltis
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:143
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. A novel sarcomeric myosin heavy chain gene, MYH14, was identified following the completion of the human genome project. MYH14 contains an intronic microRNA, miR-499, which is expressed in a slow/cardiac muscle sp...

    Authors: Sharmin Siddique Bhuiyan, Shigeharu Kinoshita, Chaninya Wongwarangkana, Md Asaduzzaman, Shuichi Asakawa and Shugo Watabe
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:142
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Grapes are one of the most economically important fruit crops. There are about 60 species in the genus Vitis. The phylogenetic relationships among these species are of keen interest for the conservation and use o...

    Authors: Yizhen Wan, Heidi R Schwaninger, Angela M Baldo, Joanne A Labate, Gan-Yuan Zhong and Charles J Simon
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:141
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Insertions/deletions (indels) in protein sequences are useful as drug targets, protein structure predictors, species diagnostics and evolutionary markers. However there is limited understanding of indel evolut...

    Authors: Pravech Ajawatanawong and Sandra L Baldauf
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:140
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Sex-limited polymorphisms have long intrigued evolutionary biologists and have been the subject of long-standing debates. The coexistence of multiple male and/or female morphs is widely believed to be maintain...

    Authors: Arne Iserbyt, Jessica Bots, Hans Van Gossum and Thomas N Sherratt
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:139
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Prospero (Hyacinthaceae) provides a unique system to assess the impact of genome rearrangements on plant diversification and evolution. The genus exhibits remarkable chromosomal variation but very little morpholo...

    Authors: Tae-Soo Jang, Khatere Emadzade, John Parker, Eva M Temsch, Andrew R Leitch, Franz Speta and Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:136
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Anuran vocalizations, especially their advertisement calls, are largely species-specific and can be used to identify taxonomic affiliations. Because anurans are not vocal learners, their vocalizations are gene...

    Authors: Bruno Gingras, Elmira Mohandesan, Drasko Boko and W Tecumseh Fitch
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:134
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Previous experiments have shown that the reduced gravity aboard the International Space Station (ISS) causes important alterations in Drosophila gene expression. These changes were shown to be intimately linked t...

    Authors: Raul Herranz, Oliver J Larkin, Richard JA Hill, Irene Lopez-Vidriero, Jack JWA van Loon and F Javier Medina
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:133
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Body shape is one of the most variable traits of organisms and responds to a broad array of local selective forces. In freshwater fish, divergent body shapes within single species have been repeatedly observed...

    Authors: Kristin Scharnweber, Kozo Watanabe, Jari Syväranta, Thomas Wanke, Michael T Monaghan and Thomas Mehner
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:132
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. ParaHox and Hox genes are thought to have evolved from a common ancestral ProtoHox cluster or from tandem duplication prior to the divergence of cnidarians and bilaterians. Similar to Hox clusters, chordate Pa...

    Authors: Tetsuro Ikuta, Yi-Chih Chen, Rossella Annunziata, Hsiu-Chi Ting, Che-huang Tung, Ryo Koyanagi, Kunifumi Tagawa, Tom Humphreys, Asao Fujiyama, Hidetoshi Saiga, Nori Satoh, Jr-Kai Yu, Maria Ina Arnone and Yi-Hsien Su
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:129
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) and elongation factor-like (EFL) proteins are functionally homologous to one another, and are core components of the eukaryotic translation machinery. The patchy distribution of th...

    Authors: Ryoma Kamikawa, Matthew W Brown, Yuki Nishimura, Yoshihiko Sako, Aaron A Heiss, Naoji Yubuki, Ryan Gawryluk, Alastair GB Simpson, Andrew J Roger, Tetsuo Hashimoto and Yuji Inagaki
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:131
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. C. gloeosporioides sensu lato is one of the most economically important post-harvest diseases affecting papaya production worldwide. There is currently no information concerning the genetic structure or demograph...

    Authors: Sephra N Rampersad, Daisy Perez-Brito, Claudia Torres-Calzada, Raul Tapia-Tussell and Christine VF Carrington
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:130
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The infraorder Anomura has long captivated the attention of evolutionary biologists due to its impressive morphological diversity and ecological adaptations. To date, 2500 extant species have been described bu...

    Authors: Heather D Bracken-Grissom, Maren E Cannon, Patricia Cabezas, Rodney M Feldmann, Carrie E Schweitzer, Shane T Ahyong, Darryl L Felder, Rafael Lemaitre and Keith A Crandall
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:128
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Sakha – an area connecting South and Northeast Siberia – is significant for understanding the history of peopling of Northeast Eurasia and the Americas. Previous studies have shown a genetic contiguity between...

    Authors: Sardana A Fedorova, Maere Reidla, Ene Metspalu, Mait Metspalu, Siiri Rootsi, Kristiina Tambets, Natalya Trofimova, Sergey I Zhadanov, Baharak Hooshiar Kashani, Anna Olivieri, Mikhail I Voevoda, Ludmila P Osipova, Fedor A Platonov, Mikhail I Tomsky, Elza K Khusnutdinova, Antonio Torroni…
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:127
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Dispersal is a major factor in ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Although empirical evidence shows that the tendency to disperse varies among individuals in many organisms, the evolution of dispersal patte...

    Authors: Ariel Gueijman, Amir Ayali, Yoav Ram and Lilach Hadany
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:125
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Although gene overlapping is a common feature of prokaryote and mitochondria genomes, such genes have also been identified in many eukaryotes. The overlapping genes in eukaryotes are extensively rearranged eve...

    Authors: Susanta K Behura and David W Severson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:124
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Eosauropterygians consist of two major clades, the Nothosauroidea of the Tethysian Middle Triassic (e.g., Nothosaurus) and the Pistosauroidea. The Pistosauroidea include rare Triassic forms (Pistosauridae) and th...

    Authors: Anna Krahl, Nicole Klein and P Martin Sander
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:123
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The gibel carp is a fish species with dual reproduction modes, gynogenesis and sexual reproduction, coexisting in mixed diploid-polyploid populations. Following the Red Queen (RQ) assumption, asexual organisms...

    Authors: Andrea Šimková, Martin Košař, Lukáš Vetešník and Martina Vyskočilová
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:122
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The physiological functions of the human Sterile Alpha Motif Domain-containing 9 (SAMD9) gene and its chromosomally adjacent paralogue, SAMD9-like (SAMD9L), currently remain unknown. However, the direct links bet...

    Authors: Ana Lemos de Matos, Jia Liu, Grant McFadden and Pedro J Esteves
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:121
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important infectious agent that causes widespread concern because billions of people are infected by at least 8 different HBV genotypes worldwide. However, reconstruction of the p...

    Authors: Yueming Jiang, Minxian Wang, Hongxiang Zheng, Wei R Wang, Li Jin and Yungang He
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:120
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Remipedia were initially seen as a primitive taxon within Pancrustacea based on characters considered ancestral, such as the homonomously segmented trunk. Meanwhile, several morphological and molecular studies...

    Authors: Torben Stemme, Thomas M Iliffe, Björn M von Reumont, Stefan Koenemann, Steffen Harzsch and Gerd Bicker
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:119
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The widespread protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii interferes with host cell functions by exporting the contents of a unique apical organelle, the rhoptry. Among the mix of secreted proteins are an expanded, lin...

    Authors: Eric Talevich and Natarajan Kannan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:117
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Sexual conflict over mating rates may favour the origin and maintenance of phenotypes with contrasting reproductive strategies. The damselfly Ischnura elegans is characterised by a female colour polymorphism that...

    Authors: Rosa Ana Sánchez-Guillén, Martijn Hammers, Bengt Hansson, Hans Van Gossum, Adolfo Cordero-Rivera, Dalia Ivette Galicia Mendoza and Maren Wellenreuther
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:116
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Species with strict ecological requirements may provide new insights into the forces that shaped the geographic variation of genetic diversity. The Pyrenean desman, Galemys pyrenaicus, is a small semi-aquatic mam...

    Authors: Javier Igea, Pere Aymerich, Angel Fernández-González, Jorge González-Esteban, Asunción Gómez, Rocío Alonso, Joaquim Gosálbez and Jose Castresana
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:115
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Many boreo-temperate mammals have a Pleistocene fossil record throughout Eurasia and North America, but only few have a contemporary distribution that spans this large area. Examples of Holarctic-distributed c...

    Authors: Verena E Kutschera, Nicolas Lecomte, Axel Janke, Nuria Selva, Alexander A Sokolov, Timm Haun, Katharina Steyer, Carsten Nowak and Frank Hailer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:114
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Comparison of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes across vertebrate species can reveal molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of adaptive immunity-related proteins. As the first terrestrial tet...

    Authors: Mian Zhao, Yongzhen Wang, Hang Shen, Chenliang Li, Cheng Chen, Zhenhua Luo and Hua Wu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:113
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Hair cells are vertebrate secondary sensory cells located in the ear and in the lateral line organ. Until recently, these cells were considered to be mechanoreceptors exclusively found in vertebrates that evol...

    Authors: Francesca Rigon, Thomas Stach, Federico Caicci, Fabio Gasparini, Paolo Burighel and Lucia Manni
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:112
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. A skewed assemblage of two epi-, meso- and bathypelagic fish families makes up the order Myctophiformes – the blackchins Neoscopelidae and the lanternfishes Myctophidae. The six rare neoscopelids show few morp...

    Authors: Jan Y Poulsen, Ingvar Byrkjedal, Endre Willassen, David Rees, Hirohiko Takeshima, Takashi P Satoh, Gento Shinohara, Mutsumi Nishida and Masaki Miya
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:111
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The var genes of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum are highly polymorphic loci coding for the erythrocyte membrane proteins 1 (PfEMP1), which are responsible for the cytoaherence of P. falciparum i...

    Authors: Martine M Zilversmit, Ella K Chase, Donald S Chen, Philip Awadalla, Karen P Day and Gil McVean
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:110
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Many groups of insects have obligate bacterial symbionts that are vertically transmitted. Such associations are typically characterized by the presence of a monophyletic group of bacteria living in a well-defi...

    Authors: Wendy A Smith, Kelly F Oakeson, Kevin P Johnson, David L Reed, Tamar Carter, Kari L Smith, Ryuichi Koga, Takema Fukatsu, Dale H Clayton and Colin Dale
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:109
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Speciation reversal: the erosion of species differentiation via an increase in introgressive hybridization due to the weakening of previously divergent selection regimes, is thought to be an important, yet poo...

    Authors: Alan G Hudson, Pascal Vonlanthen, Etienne Bezault and Ole Seehausen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:108
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Retrotransposons have been suggested to provide a substrate for non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR) and thereby promote gene family expansion. Their precise role, however, is controversial. Here we ask...

    Authors: Václav Janoušek, Robert C Karn and Christina M Laukaitis
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:107
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Rapid and reliable identification of quarantine pests is essential for plant inspection services to prevent introduction of invasive species. For insects, this may be a serious problem when dealing with morpho...

    Authors: Juerg E Frey, Larissa Guillén, Beatrice Frey, Joerg Samietz, Juan Rull and Martín Aluja
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:106
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Understanding the evolution of species limits is important in ecology, evolution, and conservation biology. Despite its likely importance in the evolution of these limits, little is known about phenotypic cova...

    Authors: M Julian Caley, Edward Cripps and Edward T Game
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:105
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. PHOSPHATE1 (PHO1) gene family members have diverse roles in plant growth and development, and they have been studied in Arabidopsis, rice, and Physcomitrella. However, it has yet to be described in other plants. ...

    Authors: Lingli He, Man Zhao, Yan Wang, Junyi Gai and Chaoying He
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:103
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Phylogenetic studies, particularly those based on rDNA sequences from plant roots and basidiomata, have revealed a strikingly high genetic diversity in the Sebacinales. However, the factors determining this ge...

    Authors: Kai Riess, Franz Oberwinkler, Robert Bauer and Sigisfredo Garnica
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:102
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Retrotransposons are a major component of the human genome constituting as much as 45%. The hominid specific SINE-VNTR-Alus are the youngest of these elements constituting 0.13% of the genome; they are therefo...

    Authors: Abigail L Savage, Vivien J Bubb, Gerome Breen and John P Quinn
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:101
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Chromosomal inversions are increasingly being recognized as important in adaptive shifts and are expected to influence patterns of genetic variation, but few studies have examined genetic patterns in inversion...

    Authors: W Jason Kennington and Ary A Hoffmann
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:100
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Exceptionally preserved Palaeozoic faunas have yielded a plethora of trilobite-like arthropods, often referred to as lamellipedians. Among these, Artiopoda is supposed to contain taxa united by a distinctive a...

    Authors: Martin Stein, Graham E Budd, John S Peel and David AT Harper
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:99
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Few studies on eurypterids have taken into account morphological changes that occur throughout postembryonic development. Here two species of eurypterid are described from the Pragian Beartooth Butte Formation...

    Authors: James C Lamsdell and Paul A Selden
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:98
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Multiple infections of the same host by different strains of the same microparasite species are believed to play a crucial role during the evolution of parasite virulence. We investigated the role of specifici...

    Authors: Frida Ben-Ami and Jarkko Routtu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:97
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Tyrosinases, tyrosinase-related proteins, catechol oxidases and hemocyanins comprise the type-3 copper protein family and are involved in a variety of biological processes, including pigment formation, innate ...

    Authors: Felipe Aguilera, Carmel McDougall and Bernard M Degnan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. In evolutionary and conservation biology, parasitism is often highlighted as a major selective pressure. To fight against parasites and pathogens, genetic diversity of the immune genes of the major histocompat...

    Authors: Victor A Stiebens, Sonia E Merino, Frédéric J J Chain and Christophe Eizaguirre
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:95
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  49. Several macroevolutionary hypotheses propose a synchrony between climatic changes and variations in the structure of faunal communities. Some of them focus on the importance of the species ecological specializ...

    Authors: Ana R Gómez Cano, Juan L Cantalapiedra, Aurora Mesa, Ana Moreno Bofarull and Manuel Hernández Fernández
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:94
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The extant squamates (>9400 known species of lizards and snakes) are one of the most diverse and conspicuous radiations of terrestrial vertebrates, but no studies have attempted to reconstruct a phylogeny for ...

    Authors: R Alexander Pyron, Frank T Burbrink and John J Wiens
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:93
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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