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  1. The hypothesis that circadian clocks confer adaptive advantage to organisms has been proposed based on its ubiquity across almost all levels of complexity and organization of life-forms. This thought has recei...

    Authors: K. L. Nikhil, Karatgi Ratna and Vijay Kumar Sharma
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:46
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Dosage balance has been described as an important process for the retention of duplicate genes after whole genome duplication events. However, dosage balance is only a temporary mechanism for duplicate gene re...

    Authors: Ashley I. Teufel, Liang Liu and David A. Liberles
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:45
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Ecological factors often have a strong impact on spatiotemporal patterns of biodiversity. The integration of spatial ecology and phylogenetics allows for rigorous tests of whether speciation is associated with...

    Authors: Zachary W. Culumber and Michael Tobler
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:44
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The Indian Tectonic Plate split from Gondwanaland approximately 120 MYA and set the Indian subcontinent on a ~ 100 million year collision course with Eurasia. Many phylogenetic studies have demonstrated the In...

    Authors: Jesse L. Grismer, James A. Schulte II, Alana Alexander, Philipp Wagner, Scott L. Travers, Matt D. Buehler, Luke J. Welton and Rafe M. Brown
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:43
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are vital partners in the acquired immune processes of vertebrates. MHC diversity may be directly associated with population resistance to infectious pathogens....

    Authors: Qian-Qian Zeng, Ke He, Dan-Dan Sun, Mei-Ying Ma, Yun-Fa Ge, Sheng-Guo Fang and Qiu-Hong Wan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:42
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. The Oriental fruit bat genus Cynopterus, with several geographically overlapping species, presents an interesting case study to evaluate the evolutionary significance of coexistence versus isolation. We examined ...

    Authors: Balaji Chattopadhyay, Kritika M. Garg, A. K. Vinoth Kumar, D. Paramanantha Swami Doss, Frank E. Rheindt, Sripathi Kandula and Uma Ramakrishnan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:41
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Physical interactions between proteins are essential for almost all biological functions and systems. To understand the evolution of function it is therefore important to understand the evolution of molecular ...

    Authors: Ryan M. Ames, David Talavera, Simon G. Williams, David L. Robertson and Simon C. Lovell
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:40
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  8. Secondary winglessness is a common phenomenon found among neopteran insects. With an estimated age of at least 140 million years, the cave crickets (Rhaphidophoridae) form the oldest exclusively wingless linea...

    Authors: Fanny Leubner, Thomas Hörnschemeyer and Sven Bradler
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:39
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. In the past three decades, millions of domesticated Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. have escaped from farms into the wild. Their offspring display reduced survival in the natural environment, which demonstrates th...

    Authors: Monica Favnebøe Solberg, Lise Dyrhovden, Ivar Helge Matre and Kevin Alan Glover
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:38
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Invasive species can have devastating effects on native ecosystems and therefore impose a significant threat to human welfare. The introduction rate of invasive species has accelerated dramatically in recent t...

    Authors: Jostein Gohli, Tina Selvarajah, Lawrence R. Kirkendall and Bjarte H. Jordal
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:37
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Understanding the evolutionary forces that influence variation in gene regulatory regions in natural populations is an important challenge for evolutionary biology because natural selection for such variations...

    Authors: Mitsuhiko P. Sato, Takashi Makino and Masakado Kawata
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:35
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Our current understanding of the evolutionary history of boreal and arctic-alpine plants in their southern range in Asia remains relatively poor. Using three cpDNA non-coding regions and nine nuclear microsate...

    Authors: Qixiang Lu, Jinning Zhu, Dan Yu and Xinwei Xu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:34
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway constitutes an essential component of the innate immune system. Highly conserved proteins, indicative of their critical roles in host survival, characterize this ...

    Authors: Kwame A. Darfour-Oduro, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Alfred L. Roca, Martien A. M. Groenen and Lawrence B. Schook
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:33
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The increasing abundance of sequence data has exacerbated a long known problem: gene trees and species trees for the same terminal taxa are often incongruent. Indeed, genes within a genome have not all followe...

    Authors: Beatriz Mengual-Chuliá, Stéphanie Bedhomme, Guillaume Lafforgue, Santiago F. Elena and Ignacio G. Bravo
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:32
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. During development, humans and other jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomata) express distinct hemoglobin genes, resulting in different hemoglobin tetramers. Embryonic and fetal hemoglobin have higher oxygen affiniti...

    Authors: Kim Rohlfing, Friederike Stuhlmann, Margaret F. Docker and Thorsten Burmester
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:30
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Multicellularity evolved multiple times in eukaryotes. In all cases, this required an elaboration of the regulatory mechanisms controlling gene expression. Amongst the conserved eukaryotic transcription factor...

    Authors: Katia Jindrich and Bernard M. Degnan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:28
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The regulation of cellular membrane trafficking in all eukaryotes is a very complex mechanism, mostly regulated by the Rab family proteins. Among all membrane-enclosed organelles, melanosomes are the cellular ...

    Authors: Ugo Coppola, Giovanni Annona, Salvatore D’Aniello and Filomena Ristoratore
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The variation rate in genomic regions associated with different alleles, impacts to distinct evolutionary patterns involving rare alleles. The rare alleles bias towards genome-wide association studies (GWASs),...

    Authors: Shabana Memon, Xianqing Jia, Longjiang Gu and Xiaohui Zhang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Prions are transmissible, propagating alternative states of proteins, and are usually made from the fibrillar, beta-sheet-rich assemblies termed amyloid. Prions in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae propa...

    Authors: Lu An, David Fitzpatrick and Paul M. Harrison
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:24
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. RNA editing by cytidine-to-uridine conversions is an essential step of RNA maturation in plant organelles. Some 30–50 sites of C-to-U RNA editing exist in chloroplasts of flowering plant models like Arabidopsis, ...

    Authors: Anke Hein, Monika Polsakiewicz and Volker Knoop
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. The ridges and valleys of the Andes create physical barriers that limit animal dispersal and cause deterministic local variation in rainfall. This has resulted in physical isolation of animal populations and v...

    Authors: Phred M. Benham and Christopher C. Witt
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:22
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Protamines are sperm nuclear proteins with a crucial role in chromatin condensation. Their function is strongly linked to sperm head morphology and male fertility. Protamines appear to be affected by a complex...

    Authors: Lena Lüke, Maximiliano Tourmente, Hernan Dopazo, François Serra and Eduardo R. S. Roldan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. During glacial periods, glacial advances caused temperate plant extirpation or retreat into localized warmer areas, and subsequent postglacial glacial retreats resulted in range expansions, which facilitated s...

    Authors: Yue Li, Fumito Tada, Tadashi Yamashiro and Masayuki Maki
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The origin of the body plan of modern velvet worms (Onychophora) lies in the extinct lobopodians of the Palaeozoic. Helenodora inopinata, from the Mazon Creek Lagerstätte of Illinois (Francis Creek Shale, Carbond...

    Authors: Duncan J. E. Murdock, Sarah E. Gabbott and Mark A. Purnell
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Social and environmental factors can profoundly impact an individual’s investment of resources into different components of reproduction. Such allocation trade-offs are expected to be amplified under challengi...

    Authors: Topi K. Lehtonen, P. Andreas Svensson and Bob B. M. Wong
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Authors: Nathalie Smitz, Daniel Cornélis, Philippe Chardonnet, Alexandre Caron, Michel de Garine-Wichatitsky, Ferran Jori, Alice Mouton, Alice Latinne, Lise-Marie Pigneur, Mario Melletti, Kimberly L. Kanapeckas, Jonathan Marescaux, Carlos Lopes Pereira and Johan Michaux
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:17
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:203

  31. At a global scale, the temperate zone is highly fragmented both between and within hemispheres. This paper aims to investigate how the world’s disjunct temperate zones have been colonised by the pan-temperate ...

    Authors: Thomas C. Mitchell, Bethany R. M. Williams, John R. I. Wood, David. J. Harris, Robert W. Scotland and Mark A. Carine
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The eusocial Hymenoptera have radiated across a wide range of thermal environments, exposing them to significant physiological stressors. We reconstructed the evolutionary history of three families of Heat Sho...

    Authors: Andrew D. Nguyen, Nicholas J. Gotelli and Sara Helms Cahan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Species or clades may retain or shift their environmental niche space over evolutionary time. Understanding these processes offers insights into the environmental processes fuelling lineage diversification and...

    Authors: Alexander Gamisch, Gunter Alexander Fischer and Hans Peter Comes
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:14
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  34. The ecological differentiation of insects with parasitic life-style is a complex process that may involve phylogenetic constraints as well as morphological and/or behavioural adaptations. In most cases, the re...

    Authors: F. Al khatib, A. Cruaud, L. Fusu, G. Genson, J.-Y. Rasplus, N. Ris and G. Delvare
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:13
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. A host infected with multiple parasitic species provides a unique system to test evolutionary and ecological hypotheses. Different parasitic species associated with a single host are expected to occupy differe...

    Authors: Thomas Parmentier, Wouter Dekoninck and Tom Wenseleers
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that plays a principal regulatory role in erythropoiesis and initiates cell homeostatic responses to environmental challenges. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a natu...

    Authors: Qianghua Xu, Chi Zhang, Dongsheng Zhang, Huapeng Jiang, Sihua Peng, Yang Liu, Kai Zhao, Congcong Wang and Liangbiao Chen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Recently, a set of publications described flea fossils from Jurassic and Early Cretaceous geological strata in northeastern China, which were suggested to have parasitized feathered dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and ...

    Authors: Katharina Dittmar, Qiyun Zhu, Michael W. Hastriter and Michael F. Whiting
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:9
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  39. Skewed body size distributions and the high relative richness of small-bodied taxa are a fundamental property of a wide range of animal clades. The evolutionary processes responsible for generating these distr...

    Authors: James L. Rainford, Michael Hofreiter and Peter J. Mayhew
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Many prokaryotic kinases that phosphorylate small molecule substrates, such as antibiotics, lipids and sugars, are evolutionarily related to Eukaryotic Protein Kinases (EPKs). These Eukaryotic-Like Kinases (EL...

    Authors: Krishnadev Oruganty, Eric E. Talevich, Andrew F. Neuwald and Natarajan Kannan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Evolutionary studies of genes that mediate recognition between sperm and egg contribute to our understanding of reproductive isolation and speciation. Surface receptors involved in fertilization are targets of...

    Authors: Agnieszka P. Lipinska, Els J. M. Van Damme and Olivier De Clerck
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:5
    Content type: Research Article Published on:

  43. White-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) are small Asian apes known for living in stable territories and producing loud, elaborate vocalizations (songs), often in well-coordinated male/female duets. The female great ...

    Authors: Thomas A. Terleph, S. Malaivijitnond and U. H. Reichard
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Aggressive behaviour can have significant evolutionary consequences–not only within species, but also in the context of heterospecific interactions. Here, we carried out an experimental field study to investig...

    Authors: Topi K. Lehtonen, Karine Gagnon, Will Sowersby and Bob B. M. Wong
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Antarctica is surrounded by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), the largest and strongest current in the world. Despite its potential importance for shaping biogeographical patterns, the distribution and ...

    Authors: Luisa F. Dueñas, Dianne M. Tracey, Andrew J. Crawford, Thomas Wilke, Phil Alderslade and Juan A. Sánchez
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The Mesopsychidae is an extinct family of Mecoptera, comprising eleven described genera from Upper Permian to Lower Cretaceous deposits. In 2009, several well-preserved mesopsychids with long proboscides were ...

    Authors: Xiaodan Lin, Matthew J. H. Shih, Conrad C. Labandeira and Dong Ren
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Transporter proteins are predicted to have an important role in the mycorrhizal symbiosis, due to the fact that this type of an interaction between plants and fungi requires a continuous nutrient and signallin...

    Authors: Andriy Kovalchuk, Annegret Kohler, Francis Martin and Fred O. Asiegbu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:249
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. The gene regulatory network involved in tooth morphogenesis has been extremely well described in mammals and its modeling has allowed predictions of variations in regulatory pathway that may have led to evolut...

    Authors: Mélanie Debiais-Thibaud, Roxane Chiori, Sébastien Enault, Silvan Oulion, Isabelle Germon, Camille Martinand-Mari, Didier Casane and Véronique Borday-Birraux
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:292
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Hymenoptera that mass-provision their offspring have evolved elaborate antimicrobial strategies to ward off fungal infestation of the highly nutritive larval food. Females of the Afro-European Philanthus triangul...

    Authors: Katharina Weiss, Erhard Strohm, Martin Kaltenpoth and Gudrun Herzner
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:291
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Sphingomyelinase D is the main toxin present in the venom of Loxosceles spiders. Several isoforms present in these venoms can be structurally classified in two groups. Class I Sphingomyelinase D contains a single...

    Authors: Aurélio Pedroso, Sergio Russo Matioli, Mario Tyago Murakami, Giselle Pidde-Queiroz and Denise V. Tambourgi
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:290
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Evolutionary Biology 2016 16:58

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