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  1. Temporal variation in the genetic structure of populations can be caused by multiple factors, including natural selection, stochastic environmental variation, migration, or genetic drift. In benthic marine spe...

    Authors: Jenni E Kesäniemi, Marina Mustonen, Christoffer Boström, Benni W Hansen and K Emily Knott
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Nitrogen uptake, reallocation within the plant, and between subcellular compartments involves ammonium, nitrate and peptide transporters. Ammonium transporters are separated into two distinct families (AMT1 an...

    Authors: Neil JJB von Wittgenstein, Cuong H Le, Barbara J Hawkins and Jürgen Ehlting
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:11
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. The molecular history of animal evolution from single-celled ancestors remains a major question in biology, and little is known regarding the evolution of cell cycle regulation during animal emergence. In this...

    Authors: Lihuan Cao, Fang Chen, Xianmei Yang, Weijin Xu, Jun Xie and Long Yu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Survival in microrefugia represents an important paradigm in phylogeography for explaining rapid postglacial re-colonization by species in temperate regions. Microrefugia may allow populations to persist in ar...

    Authors: Robert W Bryson Jr, Lorenzo Prendini, Warren E Savary and Peter B Pearman
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:9
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The avian Order Passeriformes is an enormously species-rich group, which comprises almost 60% of all living bird species. This diverse order is believed to have originated before the break-up of Gondwana in th...

    Authors: Per GP Ericson, Seraina Klopfstein, Martin Irestedt, Jacqueline MT Nguyen and Johan AA Nylander
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:8
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. The most toxic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants are categorized as dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) to which extreme tolerance has evolved independently and contemporaneously in (at least) four populations of Atlan...

    Authors: Dina A Proestou, Patrick Flight, Denise Champlin and Diane Nacci
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The non-migratory killifish Fundulus heteroclitus inhabits clean and polluted environments interspersed throughout its range along the Atlantic coast of North America. Several populations of this species have suc...

    Authors: Adam M Reitzel, Sibel I Karchner, Diana G Franks, Brad R Evans, Diane Nacci, Denise Champlin, Verónica M Vieira and Mark E Hahn
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Aciliini presently includes 69 species of medium-sized water beetles distributed on all continents except Antarctica. The pattern of distribution with several genera confined to different continents of the Sou...

    Authors: Rasa Bukontaite, Kelly B Miller and Johannes Bergsten
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:5
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. One of the hallmarks of multicellular organisms is the ability of their cells to trigger responses to the environment in a coordinated manner. In recent years primary cilia have been shown to be present as ‘an...

    Authors: Danielle A Ludeman, Nathan Farrar, Ana Riesgo, Jordi Paps and Sally P Leys
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Ticks are blood-sucking arthropods and a primary function of tick salivary proteins is to counteract the host’s immune response. Tick salivary Kunitz-domain proteins perform multiple functions within the feedi...

    Authors: Alexandra Schwarz, Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz, Jan Kopecký and James J Valdés
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. In island archipelagos, where islands have experienced repeated periods of fragmentation and connection through cyclic changes in sea level, complex among-island distributions might reflect historical distribu...

    Authors: Sean Stankowski and Michael S Johnson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Maize is the most produced crop in Sub-Saharan Africa, but yields are low and climate change is projected to further constrain smallholder production. The current efforts to breed and disseminate new high yiel...

    Authors: Ola T Westengen, Kristoffer H Ring, Paul R Berg and Anne K Brysting
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The evolution of ecological divergence in closely related species is a key component of adaptive radiation. However, in most examples of adaptive radiation the mechanistic basis of ecological divergence remain...

    Authors: Matthew D McGee, Dolph Schluter and Peter C Wainwright
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:277
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. New World leaf-nosed bats, Phyllostomidae, represent a lineage of Chiroptera marked by unprecedented morphological/ecological diversity and extensive intergeneric chromosomal reorganization. There are still di...

    Authors: Cibele G Sotero-Caio, Marianne Volleth, Lauren S Gollahon, Beiyuan Fu, William Cheng, Bee L Ng, Fengtang Yang and Robert J Baker
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:276
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Numerous studies have investigated cospeciation between parasites and their hosts, but there have been few studies concerning parasitoids and insect hosts. The high diversity and host specialization observed in A...

    Authors: Jun Deng, Fang Yu, Hai-Bin Li, Marco Gebiola, Yves Desdevises, San-An Wu and Yan-Zhou Zhang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:275
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The advent of molecular biology techniques and constant increase in availability of genetic material have triggered the development of many phylogenetic tree inference methods. However, several reticulate evol...

    Authors: Mehdi Layeghifard, Pedro R Peres-Neto and Vladimir Makarenkov
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:274
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  18. Interspecific divergence along a benthic to pelagic habitat axis is ubiquitous in freshwater fishes inhabiting lentic environments. In this study, we examined the influence of this habitat axis on the macroevo...

    Authors: Phillip R Hollingsworth Jr, Andrew M Simons, James A Fordyce and C Darrin Hulsey
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:272
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Fatty acids, a considerable fraction of lipid molecules, participate in fundamental physiological processes. They undergo activation into their corresponding CoA esters for oxidation or esterification into com...

    Authors: Mónica Lopes-Marques, Isabel Cunha, Maria Armanda Reis-Henriques, Miguel M Santos and L Filipe C Castro
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:271
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Tall fescue and meadow fescue are important as temperate pasture grasses, forming mutualistic associations with asexual Neotyphodium endophytes. The most frequently identified endophyte of Continental allohexaplo...

    Authors: Piyumi N Ekanayake, Maia Rabinovich, Kathryn M Guthridge, German C Spangenberg, John W Forster and Timothy I Sawbridge
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:270
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Radiation in some plant groups has occurred on islands and due to the characteristic rapid pace of phenotypic evolution, standard molecular markers often provide insufficient variation for phylogenetic reconst...

    Authors: Barbara Turner, Ovidiu Paun, Jérôme Munzinger, Sutee Duangjai, Mark W Chase and Rosabelle Samuel
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:269
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Amblyomma cajennense F. is one of the best known and studied ticks in the New World because of its very wide distribution, its economical importance as pest of domestic ungulates, and its association with a varie...

    Authors: Lorenza Beati, Santiago Nava, Erica J Burkman, Darci M Barros-Battesti, Marcelo B Labruna, Alberto A Guglielmone, Abraham G Cáceres, Carmen M Guzmán-Cornejo, Renato León, Lance A Durden and João LH Faccini
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:267
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Proterochersis robusta from the Late Triassic (Middle Norian) of Germany is the oldest known fossil turtle (i.e. amniote with a fully formed turtle shell), but little is known about its anatomy. A newly prepared,...

    Authors: Walter G Joyce, Rainer R Schoch and Tyler R Lyson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:266
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. A long, slender body plan characterized by an elongate antorbital region and posterior displacement of the unpaired fins has evolved multiple times within ray-finned fishes, and is associated with ambush preda...

    Authors: Erin E Maxwell and Laura AB Wilson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:265
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. The Pleistocene climatic oscillations are considered as a major driving force of intraspecific divergence and speciation. During Ice Ages, populations isolated in allopatric glacial refugia can experience diff...

    Authors: Thomas Lecocq, Simon Dellicour, Denis Michez, Patrick Lhomme, Maryse Vanderplanck, Irena Valterová, Jean-Yves Rasplus and Pierre Rasmont
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:263
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Plasmids play a crucial role in the evolution of bacterial genomes by mediating horizontal gene transfer. However, the origin and evolution of most plasmids remains unclear, especially for megaplasmids. Strain...

    Authors: Jinshui Zheng, Donghai Peng, Lifang Ruan and Ming Sun
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:262
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The Bacillus subtilis-group and the Bacillus cereus-group are two well-studied groups of species in the genus Bacillus. Bacteria in this genus can produce a highly resistant cell type, the spore, which is encased...

    Authors: Hong Qin and Adam Driks
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:261
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules play an essential role in presenting peptide antigens to CD4+ T lymphocytes in the acquired immune system. The non-classical class II DM molecul...

    Authors: Johannes M Dijkstra, Unni Grimholt, Jong Leong, Ben F Koop and Keiichiro Hashimoto
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:260
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Hypodontus macropi is a common intestinal nematode of a range of kangaroos and wallabies (macropodid marsupials). Based on previous multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data ...

    Authors: Abdul Jabbar, Ian Beveridge, Namitha Mohandas, Neil B Chilton, D Timothy J Littlewood, Aaron R Jex and Robin B Gasser
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:259
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The increasing number of assembled mammalian genomes makes it possible to compare genome organisation across mammalian lineages and reconstruct chromosomes of the ancestral marsupial and therian (marsupial and...

    Authors: Janine E Deakin, Margaret L Delbridge, Edda Koina, Nerida Harley, Amber E Alsop, Chenwei Wang, Vidushi S Patel and Jennifer A Marshall Graves
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:258
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Host-parasite coevolution is generally believed to follow Red Queen dynamics consisting of ongoing oscillations in the frequencies of interacting host and parasite alleles. This belief is founded on previous t...

    Authors: Chaitanya S Gokhale, Andrei Papkou, Arne Traulsen and Hinrich Schulenburg
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:254
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Within the complex metazoan phylogeny, the relationships of the three lophophorate lineages, ectoprocts, brachiopods and phoronids, are particularly elusive. To shed further light on this issue, we present phy...

    Authors: Maximilian P Nesnidal, Martin Helmkampf, Achim Meyer, Alexander Witek, Iris Bruchhaus, Ingo Ebersberger, Thomas Hankeln, Bernhard Lieb, Torsten H Struck and Bernhard Hausdorf
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:253
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Placental mammals display a huge range of life history traits, including size, longevity, metabolic rate and germ line generation time. Although a number of general trends have been proposed between these trai...

    Authors: Claire C Morgan, Ann M Mc Cartney, Mark TA Donoghue, Noeleen B Loughran, Charles Spillane, Emma C Teeling and Mary J O’Connell
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:251
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. One of the most striking features of avian vision is the variation in spectral sensitivity of the short wavelength sensitive (SWS1) opsins, which can be divided into two sub-types: violet- and UV- sensitive (V...

    Authors: Ilke van Hazel, Amir Sabouhanian, Lainy Day, John A Endler and Belinda SW Chang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:250
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Pipo was recently described as a new ORF encoded within the genome of the Potyviridae family members (PNAS 105:5897–5902, 2008). It is embedded within the P3 cistron and is translated in the +2 reading frame rela...

    Authors: Julia Hillung, Santiago F Elena and José M Cuevas
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:249
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Many long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes identified in mammals have multiple exons and functional domains, allowing them to bind to polycomb proteins, DNA methyltransferases, and specific DNA sequences to regul...

    Authors: Sha He, Weiling Gu, Yize Li and Hao Zhu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:247
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Positive multi-locus heterozygosity-fitness correlations have been observed in a number of natural populations. They have been explained by the correlation between heterozygosity and inbreeding, and the negati...

    Authors: Gemma GR Murray, Mark EJ Woolhouse, Miika Tapio, Mary N Mbole-Kariuki, Tad S Sonstegard, Samuel M Thumbi, Amy E Jennings, Ilana Conradie van Wyk, Margo Chase-Topping, Henry Kiara, Phil Toye, Koos Coetzer, Barend M deC Bronsvoort and Olivier Hanotte
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:246
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. To survive in a hostile environment, insects have evolved an innate immune system to defend against infection. Studies have shown that natural selection may drive the evolution of immune system-related protein...

    Authors: Ming Han, Sheng Qin, Xiaojun Song, Yafang Li, Ping Jin, Liming Chen and Fei Ma
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. We wish to understand how sex and recombination affect endogenous retroviral insertion and deletion. While theory suggests that the risk of ectopic recombination will limit the accumulation of repetitive DNA i...

    Authors: Patrick Gemmell, Jotun Hein and Aris Katzourakis
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:243
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Pseudogenes are traditionally considered “dead” genes, therefore lacking biological functions. This view has however been challenged during the last decade. This is the case of the Protein phosphatase 1 regula...

    Authors: Luís Korrodi-Gregório, Joana Abrantes, Thorsten Muller, José Melo-Ferreira, Katrin Marcus, Odete AB da Cruz e Silva, Margarida Fardilha and Pedro J Esteves
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:242
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. China is characterized by complex topographic structure and dramatic palaeoclimatic changes, making species biogeography studies particularly interesting. Previous researchers have also demonstrated multiple s...

    Authors: Guanjun Lu, Aiqing Lin, Jinhong Luo, Dimitri V Blondel, Kelly A Meiklejohn, Keping Sun and Jiang Feng
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:241
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Hydrophobins are small secreted cysteine-rich proteins that play diverse roles during different phases of fungal life cycle. In basidiomycetes, hydrophobin-encoding genes often form large multigene families wi...

    Authors: Anthony C Mgbeahuruike, Andriy Kovalchuk, Hongxin Chen, Wimal Ubhayasekera and Fred O Asiegbu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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