Cremer S, Armitage SAO, Schmid-Hempel P: Social immunity. Curr Biol. 2007, 17 (16): R693-R702. 10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.008.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wilson-Rich N, Spivak M, Fefferman NH, Starks PT: Genetic, individual, and group facilitation of disease resistance in insect societies. Annu Rev Entomol. 2009, 54: 405-423. 10.1146/annurev.ento.53.103106.093301.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Fernández-Marín H, Zimmerman JK, Rehner SA, Wcislo WT: Active use of the metapleural glands by ants in controlling fungal infection. Proc R Soc B. 2006, 273: 1689-1695. 10.1098/rspb.2006.3492.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Naug D, Camazine S: The role of colony organization on pathogen transmission in social insects. J Theor Biol. 2002, 215 (4): 427-439. 10.1006/jtbi.2001.2524.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Oi DH, Pereira RM: Ant behavior and microbial pathogens (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Fla Entomol. 1993, 76: 63-73. 10.2307/3496014.
Article
Google Scholar
Noirot C, Pasteels JM: Ontogenetic development and evolution of the worker caste in termites. Experientia. 1987, 43 (8): 851-952. 10.1007/BF01951642.
Article
Google Scholar
Thompson PR, Hepburn HR: Changes in chemical and mechanical properties of honeybee (Apis mellifera adansonii L.) cuticle during development. J Comp Physiol B. 1978, 126 (3): 257-262. 10.1007/BF00688935.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Patterson RS, Briano JA: Potential of three biological control agents for suppression of Solenopsis invicta, the red imported fire ant. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Insect Pests on Urban Environments. 1993, Exeter, UK, 35-43.
Google Scholar
Tragust S, Mitteregger B, Barone V, Konrad M, Ugelvig LV, Cremer S: Ants disinfect fungus-exposed brood by oral uptake and spread of their poison. Curr Biol. 2013, 23 (1): 76-82. 10.1016/j.cub.2012.11.034.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ugelvig LV, Kronauer DJC, Schrempf A, Heinze J, Cremer S: Rapid anti-pathogen response in ant societies relies on high genetic diversity. Proc R Soc B. 2010, 277 (1695): 2821-2828. 10.1098/rspb.2010.0644.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reber A, Purcell J, Buechel SD, Buri P, Chapuisat M: The expression and impact of antifungal grooming in ants. J Evol Biol. 2011, 24: 954-956. 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02230.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rosengaus RB, Maxmen AB, Coates LE, Traniello JFA: Disease resistance: a benefit of sociality in the dampwood termite Zootermopsis angusticollis (Isoptera: Termopsidae). Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 1998, 44 (2): 125-134. 10.1007/s002650050523.
Article
Google Scholar
Yanagawa A, Shimizu S: Resistance of the termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki to Metarhizium anisopliae due to grooming. BioControl. 2007, 52: 75-85. 10.1007/s10526-006-9020-x.
Article
Google Scholar
Rothenbuhler WC, Thompson VC: Resistance to american foulbrood in honey bees. I. Differential survival of larvae of different genetic lines. J Econ Entomol. 1956, 49: 470-475.
Article
Google Scholar
Armitage SAO, Fernández-Marín H, Wcislo WT, Boomsma JJ: An evaluation of the possible adaptive function of fungal brood covering by attine ants. Evolution. 2012, 66 (6): 1966-1975. 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01568.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baroni Urbani C, Bolton B, Ward PS: The internal phylogeny of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Syst Entomol. 1992, 17: 301-329. 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1992.tb00553.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Danks HV: The roles of insect cocoons in cold conditions. Eur J Entomol. 2004, 101 (3): 433-437.
Article
Google Scholar
Ayasse M, Paxton R: Brood protection in social insects. Chemoecology of insect eggs and egg deposition. Edited by: Hilker M, Meiners T. 2002, Berlin: Blackwell, 117-148.
Google Scholar
Hughes WOH, Petersen KS, Ugelvig LV, Pedersen D, Thomsen L, Poulsen M, Boomsma JJ: Density-dependence and within-host competition in a semelparous parasite of leaf-cutting ants. BMC Evol Biol. 2004, 4: 45-10.1186/1471-2148-4-45.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Reber A, Chapuisat M: Diversity, prevalence and virulence of fungal entomopathogens in colonies of the ant Formica selysi. Insectes Soc. 2012, 59 (2): 231-239. 10.1007/s00040-011-0209-3.
Article
Google Scholar
Castrillo LA, Roberts DW, Vandenberg JD: The fungal past, present, and future: germination, ramification, and reproduction. J Invertebr Pathol. 2005, 89 (1): 46-56. 10.1016/j.jip.2005.06.005.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Heller NE: Colony structure in introduced and native populations of the invasive argentine ant, Linepithema humile. Insectes Soc. 2004, 51 (4): 378-386. 10.1007/s00040-004-0770-0.
Article
Google Scholar
Oettler J, Schmitt T, Herzner G, Heinze J: Chemical profiles of mated and virgin queens, egg-laying intermorphs and workers of the ant Crematogaster smithi. J Insect Physiol. 2008, 54 (4): 672-679. 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.01.004.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schilder K, Heinze J, Hölldobler B: Colony structure and reproduction in the thelytokous parthenogenetic ant Platythyrea punctata (F. Smith) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Insectes Soc. 1999, 46 (2): 150-158. 10.1007/s000400050126.
Article
Google Scholar
Van Loon AJ, Boomsma JJ, Andrasvalvy A: A new polygynous Lasius species (Hymenoptera; Formicidae) from central Europe I. Description and general biology. Insectes Soc. 1990, 37 (4): 348-362. 10.1007/BF02225997.
Article
Google Scholar
Purcell J, Chapuisat M: The influence of social structure on brood survival and development in a socially polymorphic ant: insights from a cross-fostering experiment. J Evol Biol. 2012, 25 (11): 2288-2297. 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02607.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chapuisat M, Bocherens S, Rosset H: Variable queen number in ant colonies: no impact on queen turnover, inbreeding, and population genetic differentiation in the ant Formica selysi. Evolution. 2004, 58 (5): 1064-1072.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Brian MV: Larval recognition by workers of the ant Myrmica. Anim Behav. 1975, 23: 745-756.
Article
Google Scholar
Lenoir A: Brood retrieving in the ant, Lasius niger L. Sociobiology. 1981, 6: 153-178.
Google Scholar
Vander Meer RK, Morel L: Brood pheromones in ants. Advances in myrmecology. Edited by: Trager JC. 1988, Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 419-513.
Google Scholar
Ugelvig LV, Cremer S: Social prophylaxis: group interaction promotes collective immunity in ant colonies. Curr Biol. 2007, 17 (22): 1967-1971. 10.1016/j.cub.2007.10.029.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Evans JD, Spivak M: Socialized medicine: individual and communal disease barriers in honey bees. J Invertebr Pathol. 2010, 103 (Suppl 1): S62-S72.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mburu DM, Ochola L, Maniania NK, Njagi PGN, Gitonga LM, Ndung’u MW, Wanjoya AK, Hassanali A: Relationship between virulence and repellency of entomopathogenic isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana to the termite Macrotermes michaelseni. J Insect Physiol. 2009, 55 (9): 774-780. 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.04.015.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yanagawa A, Fujiwara-Tsujii N, Akino T, Yoshimura T, Yanagawa T, Shimizu S: Odor aversion and pathogen-removal efficiency in grooming behavior of the termite Coptotermes formosanus. PloS ONE. 2012, 7 (10): e47412-10.1371/journal.pone.0047412.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yanagawa A, Yokohari F, Shimizu S: The role of antennae in removing entomopathogenic fungi from cuticle of the termite, Coptotermes formosanus. J Insect Sci. 2009, 9 (6): 1-9. 10.1673/031.009.0601.
Article
Google Scholar
Akino T, Knapp JJ, Thomas JA, Elmes GW: Chemical mimicry and host specificity in the butterfly Maculinea rebeli, a social parasite of Myrmica ant colonies. Proc R Soc B. 1999, 266 (1427): 1419-1426. 10.1098/rspb.1999.0796.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Walker TN, Hughes WOH: Adaptive social immunity in leaf-cutting ants. Biol Lett. 2009, 5: 446-448. 10.1098/rsbl.2009.0107.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Little AEF, Murakami T, Mueller UG, Currie CR: The infrabuccal pellet piles of fungus-growing ants. Naturwissenschaften. 2003, 90: 558-562. 10.1007/s00114-003-0480-x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Graystock P, Hughes WOH: Disease resistance in a weaver ant, Polyrhachis dives, and the role of antibiotic-producing glands. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 2011, 65: 2319-2327. 10.1007/s00265-011-1242-y.
Article
Google Scholar
Storey GK, Vander Meer RK, Boucia DG, McCoy CW: Effect of fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) venom alkaloids on the in vitro germination and development of selected entomogenous fungi. J Invertebr Pathol. 1991, 58: 88-95. 10.1016/0022-2011(91)90166-N.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Vander Meer RK: Ant queens deposit pheromones and antimicrobial agents on eggs. Naturwissenschaften. 1995, 82: 93-95. 10.1007/BF01140150.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Baracchi D, Mazza G, Turillazzi S: From individual to collective immunity: the role of the venom as antimicrobial agent in the Stenogastrinae wasp societies. J Insect Physiol. 2011, 58: 188-193.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Baracchi D, Francese S, Turillazzi S: Beyond the antipredatory defence: honey bee venom function as a component of social immunity. Toxicon. 2011, 58: 550-557. 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.08.017.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yek SH, Mueller UG: The metapleural gland of ants. Biol Rev. 2011, 86 (4): 774-791. 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00170.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hughes WOH, Eilenberg J, Boomsma JJ: Trade-offs in group living: transmission and disease resistance in leaf-cutting ants. Proc R Soc B. 2002, 269 (1502): 1811-1819. 10.1098/rspb.2002.2113.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Moret Y, Moreau J: The immune role of the arthropod exoskeleton. Invertebrate Surviv J. 2012, 9: 200-206.
Google Scholar
Fountain T, Hughes WOH: Weaving resistance: silk and disease resistance in the weaver ant Polyrhachis dives. Insectes Soc. 2011, 58: 453-458. 10.1007/s00040-011-0162-1.
Article
Google Scholar
Führer E, Rosner S, Schmied A, Wegensteiner R: Studies on the significance of pathogenic fungi in the population dynamics of the lesser spruce sawfly, Pristiphora abietina Christ. (Hym., Tenthredinidae). J Appl Entomol. 2001, 125: 235-242. 10.1046/j.1439-0418.2001.00529.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Korayem AM, Hauling T, Lesch C, Fabbri M, Lindgren M, Loseva O, Schmidt O, Dushay MS, Theopold U: Evidence for an immune function of lepidopteran silk proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007, 352 (2): 317-322. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.11.022.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nirmala X, Kodrik D, Zurovec M, Sehnal F: Insect silk contains both a kunitz-type and a unique kazal-type proteinase inhibitor. Eur J Biochem. 2001, 268 (7): 2064-2073. 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02084.x.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kroiss J, Kaltenpoth M, Schneider B, Schwinger MG, Hertweck C, Maddula RK, Strohm E, Svatos A: Symbiotic streptomycetes provide antibiotic combination prophylaxis for wasp offspring. Nat Chem Biol. 2010, 6 (4): 261-263. 10.1038/nchembio.331.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kellner K, Heinze J: Absence of nepotism in genetically heterogeneous colonies of a clonal ant. Ethology. 2011, 117 (6): 556-564. 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.01910.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Ugelvig LV, Drijfhout FP, Kronauer DJC, Boomsma JJ, Pedersen JS, Cremer S: The introduction history of invasive garden ants in Europe: integrating genetic, chemical and behavioural approaches. BMC Biol. 2008, 6: 11-10.1186/1741-7007-6-11.
Article
PubMed Central
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vogel V, Pedersen JS, Giraud T, Krieger MJB, Keller L: The worldwide expansion of the argentine ant. Divers Distrib. 2010, 16 (1): 170-186. 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2009.00630.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Bischoff JF, Rehner SA, Humber RA: A multilocus phylogeny of the Metarhizium anisopliae lineage. Mycologia. 2009, 101 (4): 512-530. 10.3852/07-202.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hänel H: The life cycle of the insect pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae in the termite Nasutitermes exitiosus. Mycopathologia. 1982, 80: 137-145. 10.1007/BF00437576.
Article
Google Scholar
Lacey LA, Brooks WM: Initial handling and diagnosis of diseased insects. Manual of techniques in insect pathology. Edited by: Lacey LA. 1997, London: Academic Press, 1-16.
Chapter
Google Scholar
R Development Core Team: R: a language and environment for statistical computing. 2012, Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Google Scholar
Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B: lme4: linear mixed-effects models using S4 classes. R package version 0.999375-42. 2011, http://cran.r-project.org/package=lme4,
Google Scholar
Bretz F, Hothorn T, Westfall P: Multiple comparisons using R. 2011, Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press
Google Scholar
Therneau T: Coxme: mixed effects cox models. R package version 2.2-3. 2012, http://cran.r-project.org/package=coxme,
Google Scholar
Therneau T: A package for survival analysis in S. R package version 2.36-14. 2012, http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=survival,
Google Scholar