Figure 4

Correlation between the timing of brood removal and fungal outgrowth. For brood items with fungal outgrowth, the time of fungal growth was positively correlated with the time of removal from the brood chamber, and the removal by the ants preceded fungal outgrowth (demonstrated by all points lying above the diagonal). Whereas live fungus-exposed larvae and naked pupae were removed fast and showed early fungal outgrowth, the cocooned pupae cluster with the sham controls and dead fungus-treated brood. Means ± s.e.m. for all species per brood type and treatment are shown.