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  1. The scientific literature contains many examples where DNA sequence analyses have been used to provide definitive answers to phylogenetic problems that traditional (non-DNA based) approaches alone have failed ...

    Authors: Eske Willerslev, M Thomas P Gilbert, Jonas Binladen, Simon YW Ho, Paula F Campos, Aakrosh Ratan, Lynn P Tomsho, Rute R da Fonseca, Andrei Sher, Tatanya V Kuznetsova, Malgosia Nowak-Kemp, Terri L Roth, Webb Miller and Stephan C Schuster
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:95
  2. An important issue concerning the evolution of duplicated genes is to understand why paralogous genes are retained in a genome even though the most likely fate for a redundant duplicated gene is nonfunctionali...

    Authors: Pierre Kerner, Johanne Hung, Julien Béhague, Martine Le Gouar, Guillaume Balavoine and Michel Vervoort
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:94
  3. Major conflict between mitochondrial and nuclear genes in estimating species relationships is an increasingly common finding in animals. Usually this is attributed to incomplete lineage sorting, but recently t...

    Authors: Niklas Wahlberg, Elisabet Weingartner, Andrew D Warren and Sören Nylin
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:92
  4. Olfactory Receptors (ORs) form the largest multigene family in vertebrates. Their evolution and their expansion in the vertebrate genomes was the subject of many studies. In this paper we apply a motif-based a...

    Authors: Assaf Gottlieb, Tsviya Olender, Doron Lancet and David Horn
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:91
  5. The 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductases (OPRs) are enzymes that catalyze the reduction of double-bonds in α, β-unsaturated aldehydes or ketones and are part of the octadecanoid pathway that converts linolenic aci...

    Authors: Wenyan Li, Bing Liu, Lujun Yu, Dongru Feng, Hongbin Wang and Jinfa Wang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:90
  6. Several types of selective forces can act to promote parasite specialization. Parasites might specialize on some suitable hosts at the cost of decreasing effectiveness when exploiting other species of hosts, a...

    Authors: Juan J Soler, Manuel Martín Vivaldi and Anders Pape Møller
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:88
  7. Many recent studies that relax the assumption of independent evolution of sites have done so at the expense of a drastic increase in the number of substitution parameters. While additional parameters cannot be...

    Authors: Guy Baele, Yves Van de Peer and Stijn Vansteelandt
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:87
  8. Transposable elements are major constituents of eukaryote genomes and have a great impact on genome structure and stability. Considering their mutational abilities, TEs can contribute to the genetic diversity ...

    Authors: Mathieu Piednoël and Eric Bonnivard
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:86
  9. The DExD/H domain containing RNA helicases such as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) and melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) are key cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for detect...

    Authors: Jun Zou, Mingxian Chang, Pin Nie and Chris J Secombes
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:85
  10. Genome comparisons have made possible the reconstruction of the eutherian ancestral karyotype but also have the potential to provide new insights into the evolutionary inter-relationship of the different euthe...

    Authors: Claus Kemkemer, Matthias Kohn, David N Cooper, Lutz Froenicke, Josef Högel, Horst Hameister and Hildegard Kehrer-Sawatzki
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:84
  11. Baboons of the genus Papio are distributed over wide ranges of Africa and even colonized parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Traditionally, five phenotypically distinct species are recognized, but recent molecular st...

    Authors: Dietmar Zinner, Linn F Groeneveld, Christina Keller and Christian Roos
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:83

    The Correction to this article has been published in BMC Evolutionary Biology 2019 19:198

  12. Positive selection is recognized as the prevalence of nonsynonymous over synonymous substitutions in a gene. Models of the functional evolution of duplicated genes consider neofunctionalization as key to the r...

    Authors: Mariana Mondragón-Palomino, Luisa Hiese, Andrea Härter, Marcus A Koch and Günter Theißen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:81
  13. Current information about the expansion of Bantu-speaking peoples is hampered by the scarcity of genetic data from well identified populations from southern Africa. Here, we fill an important gap in the analys...

    Authors: Margarida Coelho, Fernando Sequeira, Donata Luiselli, Sandra Beleza and Jorge Rocha
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:80
  14. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) has been found in a wide range of Cnidaria, a basal group of metazoans in which it is associated with pigmentation, fluorescence, and light absorbance. A GFP has been recently d...

    Authors: Erin K Bomati, Gerard Manning and Dimitri D Deheyn
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:77
  15. Trade-offs between anti-parasite defence mechanisms and other life history traits limit the evolution of host resistance to parasites and have important implications for understanding diseases such as malaria....

    Authors: Maarten J Voordouw, Bradley R Anholt, Pam J Taylor and Hilary Hurd
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:76
  16. Evolution of selfing can be associated with an increase in fixation of deleterious mutations, which in certain conditions can lead to species extinction. In nematodes, a few species evolved self-fertilization ...

    Authors: Arielle Click, Chandni H Savaliya, Simone Kienle, Matthias Herrmann and Andre Pires-daSilva
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:75
  17. The iroquois (iro/Irx) genes encode transcriptional regulators that belong to the TALE superclass of homeodomain proteins and have key functions during development in both vertebrates and insects. The Irx genes o...

    Authors: Pierre Kerner, Aissam Ikmi, Dario Coen and Michel Vervoort
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:74
  18. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a key model of genetic polymorphism. Selection pressure by pathogens or other microevolutionary forces may result in a high rate of non-synonymous substitutions at...

    Authors: László Z Garamszegi, Natasja G de Groot and Ronald E Bontrop
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:73
  19. Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidases (PHGPx), the most abundant isoforms of GPx families, interfere directly with hydroperoxidation of lipids. Biochemical properties of these proteins vary along ...

    Authors: Young-An Bae, Guo-Bin Cai, Seon-Hee Kim, Young-Gun Zo and Yoon Kong
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:72
  20. Rodentia is the most diverse order of placental mammals, with extant rodent species representing about half of all placental diversity. In spite of many morphological and molecular studies, the family-level re...

    Authors: Shani Blanga-Kanfi, Hector Miranda, Osnat Penn, Tal Pupko, Ronald W DeBry and Dorothée Huchon
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:71
  21. Theory predicts that speciation can be quite rapid. Previous examples comprise a wide range of organisms such as sockeye salmon, polyploid hybrid plants, fruit flies and cichlid fishes. However, few studies ha...

    Authors: Ricardo T Pereyra, Lena Bergström, Lena Kautsky and Kerstin Johannesson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:70
  22. While numerous studies revealed the major role of environmental changes of the Quaternary on the evolution of biodiversity, research on the influence of that period on current South-American fauna is scarce an...

    Authors: Daniel Cossíos, Mauro Lucherini, Manuel Ruiz-García and Bernard Angers
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:68
  23. Class C G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent a distinct group of the GPCR family, which structurally possess a characteristically distinct extracellular domain inclusive of the Venus flytrap module (V...

    Authors: Jianhua Cao, Siluo Huang, Ji Qian, Jinlin Huang, Li Jin, Zhixi Su, Ji Yang and Jianfeng Liu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:67
  24. Protein domains represent the basic units in the evolution of proteins. Domain duplication and shuffling by recombination and fusion, followed by divergence are the most common mechanisms in this process. Such...

    Authors: Rui Alves, Ester Vilaprinyo, Albert Sorribas and Enrique Herrero
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:66
  25. Ecological factors play an important role in the evolution of parasite exploitation strategies. A common prediction is that, as shorter host life span reduces future opportunities of transmission, parasites co...

    Authors: Thibault Nidelet, Jacob C Koella and Oliver Kaltz
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:65
  26. The interaction between the Blue Moon butterfly, Hypolimnas bolina, and Wolbachia has attracted interest because of the high prevalence of male-killing achieved within the species, the ecological consequences of ...

    Authors: Sylvain Charlat, Anne Duplouy, Emily A Hornett, Emily A Dyson, Neil Davies, George K Roderick, Nina Wedell and Gregory DD Hurst
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:64
  27. Chad Basin, lying within the bidirectional corridor of African Sahel, is one of the most populated places in Sub-Saharan Africa today. The origin of its settlement appears connected with Holocene climatic amel...

    Authors: Viktor Černý, Verónica Fernandes, Marta D Costa, Martin Hájek, Connie J Mulligan and Luísa Pereira
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:63
  28. In plants, expression of ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1), the catalytic subunit of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex responsible for post-transcriptional gene silencing, is controlled through a feedback loop involving the m...

    Authors: Silvia Gazzani, Mingai Li, Silvia Maistri, Eliana Scarponi, Michele Graziola, Enrico Barbaro, Jörg Wunder, Antonella Furini, Heinz Saedler and Claudio Varotto
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:62
  29. Yeast and animal cells require six mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (Mcm2-7) for pre-replication complex formation, DNA replication initiation and DNA synthesis. These six individual MCM proteins form dist...

    Authors: Yuan Liu, Thomas A Richards and Stephen J Aves
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:60
  30. The evolution of barriers to reproduction is of key interest to understand speciation. However, there may be a current bias towards studying intrinsic postzygotic isolation in old species pairs as compared to ...

    Authors: Arne W Nolte, Sébastien Renaut and Louis Bernatchez
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:59
  31. Horizontal transfers (HTs) refer to the transmission of genetic material between phylogenetically distant species. Although most of the cases of HTs described so far concern genes, there is increasing evidence...

    Authors: Anne Roulin, Benoit Piegu, Philippe M Fortune, François Sabot, Angélique D'Hont, Domenica Manicacci and Olivier Panaud
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:58
  32. In all jawed vertebrates, highly polymorphic genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encode antigen presenting molecules that play a key role in the adaptive immune response. Their polymorphism is ...

    Authors: Tobias L Lenz, Christophe Eizaguirre, Sven Becker and Thorsten BH Reusch
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:57
  33. Phylogenies often contain both well-supported and poorly supported nodes. Determining how much additional data might be required to eventually recover most or all nodes with high support is an important pragma...

    Authors: Phillip Q Spinks, Robert C Thomson, Geoff A Lovely and H Bradley Shaffer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:56
  34. During the last ten years, major advances have been made in characterizing and understanding the evolution of mitochondrial DNA, the most popular marker of molecular biodiversity. Several important results wer...

    Authors: Benoit Nabholz, Sylvain Glémin and Nicolas Galtier
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:54
  35. Research on the evolution of reproductive isolation in African cichlid fishes has largely focussed on the role of male colours and female mate choice. Here, we tested predictions from the hypothesis that allop...

    Authors: Jonatan Blais, Martin Plenderleith, Ciro Rico, Martin I Taylor, Ole Seehausen, Cock van Oosterhout and George F Turner
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:53
  36. SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was identified as the etiological agent of SARS, and extensive investigations indicated that it originated from an animal source (probably bats) and was recently introduced into the...

    Authors: Xianchun Tang, Gang Li, Nikos Vasilakis, Yuan Zhang, Zhengli Shi, Yang Zhong, Lin-Fa Wang and Shuyi Zhang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:52
  37. A recent study by Tadepally et al. describes the clustering of zinc finger (ZF) genes in the human genome and traces their evolutionary history among several placental mammals with complete or draft genome seq...

    Authors: James H Thomas and Ryan O Emerson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:51
  38. Neuropeptide ligands have to fit exactly into their respective receptors and thus the evolution of the coding regions of their genes is constrained and may be strongly conserved. As such, they may be suitable ...

    Authors: Steffen Roth, Bastian Fromm, Gerd Gäde and Reinhard Predel
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:50
  39. Although the gene encoding for glutamine synthetase (glnA) is essential in several organisms, multiple glnA copies have been identified in bacterial genomes such as those of the phylum Actinobacteria, notably the...

    Authors: Don Hayward, Paul D van Helden and Ian JF Wiid
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:48
  40. Vasopressin and oxytocin are mammalian neurohypophysial hormones with distinct functions. Vasopressin is involved mainly in osmoregulation and oxytocin is involved primarily in parturition and lactation. Jawed...

    Authors: Pai-Chung Gwee, Boon-Hui Tay, Sydney Brenner and Byrappa Venkatesh
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:47
  41. The cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, economically impact cattle industry in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The morphological and genetic differences among R. microplus strains hav...

    Authors: Marcelo B Labruna, Victoria Naranjo, Atilio J Mangold, Carolina Thompson, Agustín Estrada-Peña, Alberto A Guglielmone, Frans Jongejan and José de la Fuente
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:46

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