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  1. Before the arrival of Europeans to Cuba, the island was inhabited by two Native American groups, the Tainos and the Ciboneys. Most of the present archaeological, linguistic and ancient DNA evidence indicates a...

    Authors: Isabel Mendizabal, Karla Sandoval, Gemma Berniell-Lee, Francesc Calafell, Antonio Salas, Antonio Martínez-Fuentes and David Comas
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:213
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The order Tetraodontiformes consists of approximately 429 species of fishes in nine families. Members of the order exhibit striking morphological diversity and radiated into various habitats such as freshwater...

    Authors: Yusuke Yamanoue, Masaki Miya, Keiichi Matsuura, Masaya Katoh, Harumi Sakai and Mutsumi Nishida
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:212
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Comparisons of functionally important changes at the molecular level in model systems have identified key adaptations driving isolation and speciation. In cichlids, for example, long wavelength-sensitive (LWS)...

    Authors: Matthew N Ward, Allison M Churcher, Kevin J Dick, Chris RJ Laver, Greg L Owens, Megan D Polack, Pam R Ward, Felix Breden and John S Taylor
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:210
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Various mechanisms such as geographic barriers and glacial episodes have been proposed as determinants of intra-specific and inter-specific differentiation of populations, and the distribution of their genetic...

    Authors: Raşit Bilgin, Ahmet Karataş, Emrah Çoraman, Todd Disotell and Juan Carlos Morales
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:209
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The molecular events and evolutionary forces underlying lethal mutagenesis of virus (or virus extinction through an excess of mutations) are not well understood. Here we apply for the first time phylogenetic m...

    Authors: Samuel Ojosnegros, Rubén Agudo, Macarena Sierra, Carlos Briones, Saleta Sierra, Claudia González- López, Esteban Domingo and Juan Cristina
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:207
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Phylogenies of certain bioenergetic enzymes have proved to be useful tools for deducing evolutionary ancestry of bioenergetic pathways and their relationship to geochemical parameters of the environment. Our p...

    Authors: Simon Duval, Anne-Lise Ducluzeau, Wolfgang Nitschke and Barbara Schoepp-Cothenet
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:206
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Fornicata is a relatively recently established group of protists that includes the diplokaryotic diplomonads (which have two similar nuclei per cell), and the monokaryotic enteromonads, retortamonads and Carpedie...

    Authors: Martin Kolisko, Ivan Cepicka, Vladimir Hampl, Jessica Leigh, Andrew J Roger, Jaroslav Kulda, Alastair GB Simpson and Jaroslav Flegr
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:205
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Because of the potential benefits to individuals of saving investment for future mating opportunities, there is conflict between mates over most aspects of reproduction. Males of many species transfer compound...

    Authors: Nina Wedell, Tom Tregenza and Leigh W Simmons
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:204
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. A simple and widely used approach for detecting hybridization in phylogenies is to reconstruct gene trees from independent gene loci, and to look for gene tree incongruence. However, this approach may be confo...

    Authors: Barbara R Holland, Steffi Benthin, Peter J Lockhart, Vincent Moulton and Katharina T Huber
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:202
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The Salangid icefish Neosalanx taihuensis (Salangidae) is an economically important fish, which is endemic to China, restricted to large freshwater systems (e.g. lakes, large rivers and estuaries) and typically e...

    Authors: Liang Zhao, Jie Zhang, Zhijin Liu, Stephan M Funk, Fuwen Wei, Muqi Xu and Ming Li
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:201
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Although homeobox genes have been the subject of many studies, little is known about the main amino acid changes that occurred early in the evolution of genes belonging to different classes.

    Authors: Nuno A Fonseca, Cristina P Vieira, Peter WH Holland and Jorge Vieira
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:200
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Within the subfamily Murinae, African murines represent 25% of species biodiversity, making this group ideal for detailed studies of the patterns and timing of diversification of the African endemic fauna and ...

    Authors: Emilie Lecompte, Ken Aplin, Christiane Denys, François Catzeflis, Marion Chades and Pascale Chevret
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:199
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Cystatins and their putative targets, the families of cysteine proteinases C1A and C13 play key roles in plants. Comparative genomic analyses are powerful tools to obtain valuable insights into the conservatio...

    Authors: Manuel Martinez and Isabel Diaz
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:198
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. The island of Madagascar and surrounding volcanic and coralline islands are considered to form a biodiversity hotspot with large numbers of unique taxa. The origin of this endemic fauna can be explained by two...

    Authors: Jérôme Fuchs, Jean-Marc Pons, Steven M Goodman, Vincent Bretagnolle, Martim Melo, Rauri CK Bowie, David Currie, Roger Safford, Munir Z Virani, Simon Thomsett, Alawi Hija, Corinne Cruaud and Eric Pasquet
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:197
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Snake venoms consist primarily of proteins and peptides showing a myriad of potent biological activities which have been shaped by both adaptive and neutral selective forces. Venom proteins are encoded by mult...

    Authors: Robin Doley, Susanta Pahari, Stephen P Mackessy and R Manjunatha Kini
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:196
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Low nucleotide divergence between human and chimpanzee does not sufficiently explain the species-specific morphological, physiological and behavioral traits. As gene duplication is a major prerequisite for the...

    Authors: Pille Hallast, Janna Saarela, Aarno Palotie and Maris Laan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:195
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Little is known about the role ecological shifts play in the evolution of Neotropical radiations that have colonized a variety of environments. We here examine habitat shifts in the evolutionary history of Elaeni...

    Authors: Frank E Rheindt, Les Christidis and Janette A Norman
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:193
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Nearly half of the West Eurasian assemblage of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is fractioned into numerous sub-lineages of the predominant haplogroup (hg) R0. Several hypotheses have been proposed on the origi...

    Authors: Anita Brandstätter, Bettina Zimmermann, Janine Wagner, Tanja Göbel, Alexander W Röck, Antonio Salas, Angel Carracedo and Walther Parson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:191
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The evolution of multicellularity is accompanied by the occurrence of differentiated tissues, of organismal developmental programs, and of mechanisms keeping the balance between proliferation and differentiati...

    Authors: Chendhore S Veerappan, Zoya Avramova and Etsuko N Moriyama
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Mutations in HERG and KCNQ1 potassium channels have been associated with Long QT syndrome and atrial fibrillation, and more recently with sudden infant death syndrome and sudden unexplained death. In other pro...

    Authors: Heather A Jackson and Eric A Accili
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:188
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. The antagonistic co-evolution of hosts and their parasites is considered to be a potential driving force in maintaining host genetic variation including sexual reproduction and recombination. The examination o...

    Authors: Lena Wilfert and Paul Schmid-Hempel
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:187
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The patterns of mutation vary both within and across genomes. It has been shown for a few mammals that mutation rates vary within the genome, while for unknown reasons, the sensu stricto yeasts have uniform rates...

    Authors: Aleah K Fox, Brian B Tuch and Jeffrey H Chuang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:186
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. An understanding of the evolution of global transcription regulators is essential for comprehending the complex networks of cellular metabolism that have developed among related organisms. The fur gene encodes on...

    Authors: Catarina L Santos, João Vieira, Fernando Tavares, David R Benson, Louis S Tisa, Alison M Berry, Pedro Moradas-Ferreira and Philippe Normand
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:185
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. One of the many gene families that expanded in early vertebrate evolution is the neuropeptide (NPY) receptor family of G-protein coupled receptors. Earlier work by our lab suggested that several of the NPY rec...

    Authors: Tomas A Larsson, Frida Olsson, Gorel Sundstrom, Lars-Gustav Lundin, Sydney Brenner, Byrappa Venkatesh and Dan Larhammar
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:184
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Leishmania (Leishmania) major, one of the agents causing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in humans, is widely distributed in the Old World where different species of wild rodent and phlebotomine sand fly serve as an...

    Authors: Amer Al-Jawabreh, Stephanie Diezmann, Michaela Müller, Thierry Wirth, Lionel F Schnur, Margarita V Strelkova, Dmitri A Kovalenko, Shavkat A Razakov, Jan Schwenkenbecher, Katrin Kuhls and Gabriele Schönian
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:183
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. To date very few incidences of interdomain gene transfer into fungi have been identified. Here, we used the emerging genome sequences of Candida albicans WO-1, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Clavispora...

    Authors: David A Fitzpatrick, Mary E Logue and Geraldine Butler
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:181
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The arginine vasopressin V1a receptor (V1aR) modulates social cognition and behavior in a wide variety of species. Variation in a repetitive microsatellite element in the 5' flanking region of the V1aR gene (AVPR...

    Authors: Zoe R Donaldson, Fyodor A Kondrashov, Andrea Putnam, Yaohui Bai, Tara L Stoinski, Elizabeth AD Hammock and Larry J Young
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Myco-heterotrophy evolved independently several times during angiosperm evolution. Although many species of myco-heterotrophic plants are highly endemic and long-distance dispersal seems unlikely, some genera ...

    Authors: Vincent Merckx, Lars W Chatrou, Benny Lemaire, Moses N Sainge, Suzy Huysmans and Erik F Smets
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:178
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Novel immune-type receptor (NITR) genes are members of diversified multigene families that are found in bony fish and encode type I transmembrane proteins containing one or two extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig...

    Authors: Salil Desai, Amy K Heffelfinger, Timothy M Orcutt, Gary W Litman and Jeffrey A Yoder
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:177
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. C2H2 zinc finger genes (C2H2-ZNF) constitute the largest class of transcription factors in humans and one of the largest gene families in mammals. Often arranged in clusters in the genome, these genes are thou...

    Authors: Hamsa D Tadepally, Gertraud Burger and Muriel Aubry
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:176
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The Notch signaling pathway is fundamental to the regulation of many cell fate decisions in eumetazoans. Not surprisingly, members of this pathway are highly conserved even between vertebrates and invertebrate...

    Authors: Dieter Maier, Anna X Chen, Anette Preiss and Manuela Ketelhut
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:175
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Domestication of chicken is believed to have occurred in Southeast Asia, especially in Indus valley. However, non-inclusion of Indian red jungle fowl (RJF), Gallus gallus murghi in previous studies has left a big...

    Authors: Sriramana Kanginakudru, Muralidhar Metta, RD Jakati and J Nagaraju
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:174
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Minor alleles of the human dopamine receptor polymorphisms, DRD2/TaqI A and DRD4/48 bp, are related to decreased functioning and/or numbers of their respective receptors and have been shown to be correlated wi...

    Authors: Dan TA Eisenberg, Benjamin Campbell, Peter B Gray and Michael D Sorenson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:173
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Precise dating of viral subtype divergence enables researchers to correlate divergence with geographic and demographic occurrences. When historical data are absent (that is, the overwhelming majority), viral s...

    Authors: John D O'Brien, Zhen-Su She and Marc A Suchard
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:172
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  43. Lbx/ladybird genes originated as part of the metazoan cluster of Nk homeobox genes. In all animals investigated so far, both the protostome genes and the vertebrate Lbx1 genes were found to play crucial roles in ...

    Authors: Karl R Wotton, Frida K Weierud, Susanne Dietrich and Katharine E Lewis
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:171
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Functional studies in model organisms, such as vertebrates and Drosophila, have shown that basic Helix-loop-Helix (bHLH) proteins have important roles in different steps of neurogenesis, from the acquisition of n...

    Authors: Elena Simionato, Pierre Kerner, Nicolas Dray, Martine Le Gouar, Valérie Ledent, Detlev Arendt and Michel Vervoort
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Chromosomal painting, using whole chromosome probes from humans and Saguinus oedipus, was used to establish karyotypic divergence among species of the genus Cebus, including C. olivaceus, C. albifrons, C. apella ...

    Authors: PJS Amaral, LFM Finotelo, EHC De Oliveira, A Pissinatti, CY Nagamachi and JC Pieczarka
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:169
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The first step of GPI anchor biosynthesis is catalyzed by PIG-A, an enzyme that transfers N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to phosphatidylinositol. This protein is present in all eukaryotic organi...

    Authors: Nupur Oswal, Narinder Singh Sahni, Alok Bhattacharya, Sneha Sudha Komath and Rohini Muthuswami
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:168
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been extensively used in population and evolutionary genetics studies. Thus, a valid estimate of human mtDNA evolutionary rate is important in many research fields. The smal...

    Authors: Cristina Santos, Rafael Montiel, Adriana Arruda, Luis Alvarez, Maria Pilar Aluja and Manuela Lima
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:167
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Actin is a cytoskeletal protein which exerts a broad range of functions in almost all eukaryotic cells. In higher vertebrates, six primary actin isoforms can be distinguished: alpha-skeletal, alpha-cardiac, al...

    Authors: Laura D Bertola, Elisabeth B Ott, Sander Griepsma, Freek J Vonk and Christoph P Bagowski
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:166
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Freshwater unionoidean bivalves, and species representing two marine bivalve orders (Mytiloida and Veneroida), exhibit a mode of mtDNA inheritance involving distinct maternal (F) and paternal (M) transmission ...

    Authors: Eric G Chapman, Helen Piontkivska, Jennifer M Walker, Donald T Stewart, Jason P Curole and Walter R Hoeh
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:165
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Few models of genetic hitchhiking in subdivided populations have been developed and the rarity of empirical examples is even more striking. We here provide evidences of genetic hitchhiking in a subdivided popu...

    Authors: Matthieu F Faure, Patrice David, François Bonhomme and Nicolas Bierne
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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