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  1. The Neotropical ovenbird-woodcreeper family (Furnariidae) is an avian group characterized by exceptionally diverse ecomorphological adaptations. For instance, members of the family are known to construct nests...

    Authors: Martin Irestedt, Jon Fjeldså, Love Dalén and Per GP Ericson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:268
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Cullins are proteins involved in ubiquitination through their participation in multisubunit ubiquitin ligase complexes. In this study, I use comparative genomic data to establish the pattern of emergence and d...

    Authors: Ignacio Marín
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:267
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. The bacterium Salmonella enterica includes a diversity of serotypes that cause disease in humans and different animal species. Some Salmonella serotypes show a broad host range, some are host restricted and exclu...

    Authors: YeÅŸim Soyer, Renato H Orsi, Lorraine D Rodriguez-Rivera, Qi Sun and Martin Wiedmann
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:264
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Molecular tools may help to uncover closely related and still diverging species from a wide variety of taxa and provide insight into the mechanisms, pace and geography of marine speciation. There is a certain ...

    Authors: Ferran Palero, Joao Lopes, Pere Abelló, Enrique Macpherson, Marta Pascual and Mark A Beaumont
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:263
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Culex pipiens L. is the most widespread mosquito vector in temperate regions. This species consists of two forms, denoted molestus and pipiens, that exhibit important behavioural and physiological differences. Th...

    Authors: Bruno Gomes, Carla A Sousa, Maria T Novo, Ferdinando B Freitas, Ricardo Alves, Ana R Côrte-Real, Patrícia Salgueiro, Martin J Donnelly, António PG Almeida and João Pinto
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:262
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Mutualisms are inherently conflictual as one partner always benefits from reducing the costs imposed by the other. Despite the widespread recognition that mutualisms are essentially reciprocal exploitation, th...

    Authors: Sébastien Ibanez, Christiane Gallet, Fanny Dommanget and Laurence Després
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:261
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that the mitochondrial genome of the angiosperm Silene noctiflora (Caryophyllaceae) has experienced a massive mutation-driven acceleration in substitution rate, placing i...

    Authors: Daniel B Sloan, Bengt Oxelman, Anja Rautenberg and Douglas R Taylor
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:260
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The primates are among the most broadly studied mammalian orders, with the published literature containing extensive analyses of their behavior, physiology, genetics and ecology. The importance of this group i...

    Authors: Helen J Chatterjee, Simon YW Ho, Ian Barnes and Colin Groves
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:259
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Vibrio taxonomy has been based on a polyphasic approach. In this study, we retrieve useful taxonomic information (i.e. data that can be used to distinguish different taxonomic levels, such as species and genera) ...

    Authors: Cristiane C Thompson, Ana Carolina P Vicente, Rangel C Souza, Ana Tereza R Vasconcelos, Tammi Vesth, Nelson Alves Jr, David W Ussery, Tetsuya Iida and Fabiano L Thompson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:258
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Cooperative hunting and foraging in spiders is rare and prone to cheating such that the actions of selfish individuals negatively affect the whole group. The resulting social dilemma may be mitigated by kin se...

    Authors: Jasmin Ruch, Lisa Heinrich, Trine Bilde and Jutta M Schneider
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:257
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The Nme family, previously known as Nm23 or NDPK, is involved in various molecular processes including tumor metastasis and some members of the family, but not all, exhibit a Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase (NDP...

    Authors: Thomas Desvignes, Pierre Pontarotti, Christian Fauvel and Julien Bobe
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:256
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Major modifications to the pharyngeal jaw apparatus are widely regarded as a recurring evolutionary key innovation that has enabled adaptive radiation in many species-rich clades of percomorph fishes. However ...

    Authors: Michael E Alfaro, Chad D Brock, Barbara L Banbury and Peter C Wainwright
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:255
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Hsp-90 from the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is unique in that it fails to bind to the specific Hsp-90 inhibitor, geldanamycin (GA). Here we surveyed 24 different free-living or parasitic nematodes...

    Authors: Nik AIIN Him, Victoria Gillan, Richard D Emes, Kirsty Maitland and Eileen Devaney
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:254
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Heterokont algae, together with cryptophytes, haptophytes and some alveolates, possess red-algal derived plastids. The chromalveolate hypothesis proposes that the red-algal derived plastids of all four groups ...

    Authors: Gildas Le Corguillé, Gareth Pearson, Marta Valente, Carla Viegas, Bernhard Gschloessl, Erwan Corre, Xavier Bailly, Akira F Peters, Claire Jubin, Benoit Vacherie, J Mark Cock and Catherine Leblanc
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:253
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. New genes generated by retroposition are widespread in humans and other mammalian species. Usually, this process copies a single parental gene and inserts it into a distant genomic location. However, retroposi...

    Authors: Yong Zhang, Shujuan Lu, Shuqi Zhao, Xiaofeng Zheng, Manyuan Long and Liping Wei
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:252
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. The evolution of social cooperation is favored by aggregative behavior to facilitate stable social structure and proximity among kin. High dispersal rates reduce group stability and kin cohesion, so it is gene...

    Authors: Nicolas Schtickzelle, Else J Fjerdingstad, Alexis Chaine and Jean Clobert
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:251
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Polyploidization is a prominent process in plant evolution, whereas the mechanism and tempo-spatial process remained poorly understood. Oryza officinalis complex, a polyploid complex in the genus Oryza, could exe...

    Authors: Baosheng Wang, Zhuoya Ding, Wei Liu, Jin Pan, Changbao Li, Song Ge and Daming Zhang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:250
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Of the 20 or so signal transduction pathways that orchestrate cell-cell interactions in metazoans, seven are involved during development. One of these is the Notch signalling pathway which regulates cellular i...

    Authors: Eve Gazave, Pascal Lapébie, Gemma S Richards, Frédéric Brunet, Alexander V Ereskovsky, Bernard M Degnan, Carole Borchiellini, Michel Vervoort and Emmanuelle Renard
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:249
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Hybridization events are relatively common in vascular plants. However, the frequency of these events is unevenly distributed across the plant phylogeny. Plant families in which individual species are pollinat...

    Authors: Julien P Renoult, Finn Kjellberg, Cinderella Grout, Sylvain Santoni and Bouchaïb Khadari
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:248
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Single- and low- copy genes are less likely subject to concerted evolution, thus making themselves ideal tools for studying the origin and evolution of polyploid taxa. Leymus is a polyploid genus with a diverse a...

    Authors: Xing Fan, Li-Na Sha, Rui-Wu Yang, Hai-Qin Zhang, Hou-Yang Kang, Cun-Bang Ding, Li Zhang, You-Liang Zheng and Yong-Hong Zhou
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:247
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Medicinal leeches became infamous for their utility in bloodletting popularized in the 19th century, and have seen a recent resurgence in post-operative treatments for flap and replantation surgeries, and in term...

    Authors: Anna J Phillips and Mark E Siddall
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:246
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Many molecular phylogenetic analyses rely on DNA sequence data obtained from single or multiple loci, particularly mitochondrial DNA loci. However, phylogenies for taxa that have undergone recent, rapid radiat...

    Authors: Sarah E Kingston, Lara D Adams and Patricia E Rosel
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. ECE-CYC2 clade genes known in patterning floral dorsoventral asymmetry (zygomorphy) in Antirrhinum majus are conserved in the dorsal identity function including arresting the dorsal stamen. However, it remains un...

    Authors: Chun-Feng Song, Qi-Bing Lin, Rong-Hua Liang and Yin-Zheng Wang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:244
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Neurotrophins and their Trk and p75NTR receptors play an important role in the nervous system. To date, neurotrophins, Trk and p75NTR have only been found concomitantly in deuterostomes. In protostomes, homolo...

    Authors: Karen HS Wilson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:243
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Since the drastic reorganisation of the phylogeny of the animal kingdom into three major clades of bilaterians; Ecdysozoa, Lophotrochozoa and Deuterostomia, it became glaringly obvious that the selection of mo...

    Authors: Tokiharu Takahashi, Carmel McDougall, Jolyon Troscianko, Wei-Chung Chen, Ahamarshan Jayaraman-Nagarajan, Sebastian M Shimeld and David EK Ferrier
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Hieracium s.str. is a complex species-rich group of perennial herbs composed of few sexual diploids and numerous apomictic polyploids. The existence of reticulation and the near-continuity of morphological charac...

    Authors: Judith Fehrer, Karol Krak and Jindřich Chrtek Jr
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:239
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The vertebrate brain is composed of several interconnected, functionally distinct structures and much debate has surrounded the basic question of how these structures evolve. On the one hand, according to the ...

    Authors: Alejandro Gonzalez-Voyer, Svante Winberg and Niclas Kolm
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:238
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. PPE38 (Rv2352c) is a member of the large PPE gene family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and related mycobacteria. The function of PPE proteins is unknown but evidence suggests that many are cell-surface associated...

    Authors: Christopher RE McEvoy, Paul D van Helden, Robin M Warren and Nicolaas C Gey van Pittius
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:237
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The birds-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae) form one of the most prominent avian examples of sexual selection and show a complex biogeographical distribution. The family has accordingly been used as a case-study in ...

    Authors: Martin Irestedt, Knud A Jønsson, Jon Fjeldså, Les Christidis and Per GP Ericson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:235
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Studies of speciation mode based on phylogenies usually test the predicted effect on diversification patterns or on geographical distribution of closely related species. Here we outline an approach to infer th...

    Authors: Dirk Ahrens and Ignacio Ribera
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:234
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. In mammals, pheromones play an important role in social and innate reproductive behavior within species. In rodents, vomeronasal receptor type 1 (V1R), which is specifically expressed in the vomeronasal organ,...

    Authors: Hiromi Ohara, Masato Nikaido, Atsuko Date-Ito, Kazutaka Mogi, Hiroaki Okamura, Norihiro Okada, Yukari Takeuchi, Yuji Mori and Kimiko Hagino-Yamagishi
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:233
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Like humans, the living elephants are unusual among mammals in being sparsely covered with hair. Relative to extant elephants, the extinct woolly mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius, had a dense hair cover and extreme...

    Authors: Alfred L Roca, Yasuko Ishida, Nikolas Nikolaidis, Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis, Stephen Fratpietro, Kristin Stewardson, Shannon Hensley, Michele Tisdale, Gennady Boeskorov and Alex D Greenwood
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:232
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Metabolic networks show great evolutionary plasticity, because they can differ substantially even among closely related prokaryotes. Any one metabolic network can also effectively compensate for the blockage o...

    Authors: Andreas Wagner
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:231
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Nuclear receptors are a superfamily of metazoan transcription factors that regulate diverse developmental and physiological processes. Sequenced genomes from an increasing number of bilaterians have provided a...

    Authors: Adam M Reitzel and Ann M Tarrant
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:230
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. TRP (Transient Receptor Potential) channels respond to diverse stimuli and thus function as the primary integrators of varied sensory information. They are also activated by various compounds and secondary mes...

    Authors: Hironori Matsuura, Takaaki Sokabe, Keigo Kohno, Makoto Tominaga and Tatsuhiko Kadowaki
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:228
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Statistical approaches for protein design are relevant in the field of molecular evolutionary studies. In recent years, new, so-called structurally constrained (SC) models of protein-coding sequence evolution hav...

    Authors: Cécile Bonnard, Claudia L Kleinman, Nicolas Rodrigue and Nicolas Lartillot
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:227
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  43. Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGF) and their receptors are well known for having major implications in cell signalling controlling embryonic development. Recently, a gene coding for a protein closely related to F...

    Authors: Stephanie Bertrand, Ildiko Somorjai, Jordi Garcia-Fernandez, Thomas Lamonerie and Hector Escriva
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:226
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The covarion hypothesis of molecular evolution holds that selective pressures on a given amino acid or nucleotide site are dependent on the identity of other sites in the molecule that change throughout time, ...

    Authors: Huai-Chun Wang, Edward Susko and Andrew J Roger
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:225
    Content type: Software Published on:

  45. The glutamate receptors (GluRs) play a vital role in the mediation of excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. To clarify the evolutionary dynamics and mechanisms of the GluR genes in th...

    Authors: Hiroki Goto, Kazunori Watanabe, Naozumi Araragi, Rui Kageyama, Kunika Tanaka, Yoko Kuroki, Atsushi Toyoda, Masahira Hattori, Yoshiyuki Sakaki, Asao Fujiyama, Yasuyuki Fukumaki and Hiroki Shibata
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:224
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The genus Algansea is one of the most representative freshwater fish groups in central Mexico due to its wide geographic distribution and unusual level of endemicity. Despite the small number of species, this gen...

    Authors: Rodolfo Pérez-Rodríguez, Omar Domínguez-Domínguez, Gerardo Pérez Ponce de León and Ignacio Doadrio
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:223
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Forkhead box, class O (FoxO) belongs to the large family of forkhead transcription factors that are characterized by a conserved forkhead box DNA-binding domain. To date, the FoxO group has four mammalian memb...

    Authors: Minghui Wang, Xiangzhe Zhang, Hongbo Zhao, Qishan Wang and Yuchun Pan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:222
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Quaternary climatic oscillations had dramatic effects on species evolution. In northern latitudes, populations had to survive the coldest periods in refugial areas and recurrently colonized northern regions du...

    Authors: Carole Kerdelhué, Lorenzo Zane, Mauro Simonato, Paola Salvato, Jérôme Rousselet, Alain Roques and Andrea Battisti
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:220
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The chondrichthyan or cartilaginous fish (chimeras, sharks, skates and rays) occupy an important phylogenetic position as the sister group to all other jawed vertebrates and as an early lineage to diverge from...

    Authors: John F Mulley, Ying-Fu Zhong and Peter WH Holland
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:218
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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