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  1. Leuciscinae is a subfamily belonging to the Cyprinidae fish family that is widely distributed in Circum-Mediterranean region. Many efforts have been carried out to deciphering the evolutionary history of this ...

    Authors: Silvia Perea, Madelaine Böhme, Primož Zupančič, Jörg Freyhof, Radek Šanda, Müfit Özuluğ, Asghar Abdoli and Ignacio Doadrio
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:265
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. More than 2 billion individuals worldwide suffer from helminth infections. The highest parasite burdens occur in children and helminth infection during pregnancy is a risk factor for preterm delivery and reduc...

    Authors: Matteo Fumagalli, Uberto Pozzoli, Rachele Cagliani, Giacomo P Comi, Nereo Bresolin, Mario Clerici and Manuela Sironi
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:264
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Among bacteria and archaea, amino acid usage is correlated with habitat temperatures. In particular, protein surfaces in species thriving at higher temperatures appear to be enriched in amino acids that stabil...

    Authors: Guang-Zhong Wang and Martin J Lercher
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:263
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Hatching enzyme, belonging to the astacin metallo-protease family, digests egg envelope at embryo hatching. Orthologous genes of the enzyme are found in all vertebrate genomes. Recently, we found that exon-int...

    Authors: Mari Kawaguchi, Junya Hiroi, Masaki Miya, Mutsumi Nishida, Ichiro Iuchi and Shigeki Yasumasu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:260
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The phenotype of an organism is an outcome of both its genotype, encoding the primary sequence of proteins, and the developmental orchestration of gene expression. The substrate of gene expression in eukaryote...

    Authors: Jan Postberg, Sakeh Forcob, Wei-Jen Chang and Hans J Lipps
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:259
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Phasmids show noteworthy abilities to overcome species-specific reproductive isolation mechanisms, including hybridization, polyploidy, parthenogenesis, hybridogenesis and androgenesis. From an evolutionary st...

    Authors: Liliana Milani, Fabrizio Ghiselli, Marco Pellecchia, Valerio Scali and Marco Passamonti
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:258
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Local adaptation to divergent environmental conditions can promote population genetic differentiation even in the absence of geographic barriers and hence, lead to speciation. Perturbations by catastrophic eve...

    Authors: Martin Plath, Bernd Hermann, Christiane Schröder, Rüdiger Riesch, Michael Tobler, Francisco J García de León, Ingo Schlupp and Ralph Tiedemann
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:256
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The composition of the arthropod head is one of the most contentious issues in animal evolution. In particular, controversy surrounds the homology and innervation of segmental cephalic appendages by the brain....

    Authors: Georg Mayer, Paul M Whitington, Paul Sunnucks and Hans-Joachim Pflüger
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:255
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. A phylogenetic network is a generalization of phylogenetic trees that allows the representation of conflicting signals or alternative evolutionary histories in a single diagram. There are several methods for c...

    Authors: Changiz Eslahchi, Mahnaz Habibi, Reza Hassanzadeh and Ehsan Mottaghi
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:254
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. The influenza A virus is an important infectious cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and was responsible for 3 pandemics in the 20th century. As the replication of the influenza virus is based on its host'...

    Authors: Emily HM Wong, David K Smith, Raul Rabadan, Malik Peiris and Leo LM Poon
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:253
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Many butterfly species have been experiencing the northward range expansion and physiological adaptation, probably due to climate warming. Here, we document an extraordinary field case of a species of lycaenid...

    Authors: Joji M Otaki, Atsuki Hiyama, Masaki Iwata and Tadashi Kudo
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:252
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Aphids are striking in their prodigious reproductive capacity and reliance on microbial endosymbionts, which provision their hosts with necessary amino acids and provide protection against parasites and heat s...

    Authors: Seth M Barribeau, Daniel Sok and Nicole M Gerardo
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:251
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Non-parametric bootstrapping is a widely-used statistical procedure for assessing confidence of model parameters based on the empirical distribution of the observed data [1] and, as such, it has become a common m...

    Authors: Vladimir Makarenkov, Alix Boc, Jingxin Xie, Pedro Peres-Neto, François-Joseph Lapointe and Pierre Legendre
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:250
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  17. Classification of bacteria within the genus Brucella has been difficult due in part to considerable genomic homogeneity between the different species and biovars, in spite of clear differences in phenotypes. Ther...

    Authors: Jon Bohlin, Lars Snipen, Axel Cloeckaert, Karin Lagesen, David Ussery, Anja B Kristoffersen and Jacques Godfroid
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:249
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) hydrolyze the intracellular second messengers: cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanine monophosphate (cGMP). The cAMP-specific PDE family 4 (PDE4) i...

    Authors: Keven R Johnson, Jessie Nicodemus-Johnson and Robert S Danziger
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:247
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. The use of molecular genetic data in phylogenetic systematics has revolutionized this field of research in that several taxonomic groupings defined by traditional taxonomic approaches have been rejected by mol...

    Authors: Sylvia Schäffer, Stephan Koblmüller, Tobias Pfingstl, Christian Sturmbauer and Günther Krisper
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:246
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Sexual morphological features are known to be associated with the mating systems of several animal groups. However, it has been suggested that morphological features other than sexual characteristics could als...

    Authors: Sophie Beltran, Yves Desdevises, Julien Portela and Jérôme Boissier
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:245
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Recent approaches for context-dependent evolutionary modelling assume that the evolution of a given site depends upon its ancestor and that ancestor's immediate flanking sites. Because such dependency pattern ...

    Authors: Guy Baele, Yves Van de Peer and Stijn Vansteelandt
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:244
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Spidroins are a unique family of large, structural proteins that make up the bulk of spider silk fibers. Due to the highly variable nature of their repetitive sequences, spidroin evolutionary relationships hav...

    Authors: Jessica E Garb, Nadia A Ayoub and Cheryl Y Hayashi
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:243
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Explicit evolutionary models are required in maximum-likelihood and Bayesian inference, the two methods that are overwhelmingly used in phylogenetic studies of DNA sequence data. Appropriate selection of nucle...

    Authors: Arong Luo, Huijie Qiao, Yanzhou Zhang, Weifeng Shi, Simon YW Ho, Weijun Xu, Aibing Zhang and Chaodong Zhu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:242
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Different theories for the origin of the angiosperm hermaphrodite flower make different predictions concerning the overlap between the genes expressed in the male and female cones of gymnosperms and the genes ...

    Authors: Raquel Tavares, Mathilde Cagnon, Ioan Negrutiu and Dominque Mouchiroud
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The Strait of Gibraltar is a crucial area in the settlement history of modern humans because it represents a possible connection between Africa and Europe. So far, genetic data were inconclusive about the fact...

    Authors: Mathias Currat, Estella S Poloni and Alicia Sanchez-Mazas
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:237
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Explanations for the evolution of female-biased, extreme Sexual Size Dimorphism (SSD), which has puzzled researchers since Darwin, are still controversial. Here we propose an extension of the Gravity Hypothesi...

    Authors: Guadalupe Corcobado, Miguel A Rodríguez-Gironés, Eva De Mas and Jordi Moya-Laraño
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Mites (Acari) have traditionally been treated as monophyletic, albeit composed of two major lineages: Acariformes and Parasitiformes. Yet recent studies based on morphology, molecular data, or combinations the...

    Authors: Almir R Pepato, Carlos EF da Rocha and Jason A Dunlop
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:235
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. The self-fertile filamentous ascomycete Neurospora tetrasperma contains a large (~7 Mbp) and young (< 6 MYA) region of suppressed recombination within its mating-type (mat) chromosomes. The objective of the prese...

    Authors: Audrius Menkis, Carrie A Whittle and Hanna Johannesson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:234
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. The extended light-harvesting complex (LHC) protein superfamily is a centerpiece of eukaryotic photosynthesis, comprising the LHC family and several families involved in photoprotection, like the LHC-like and ...

    Authors: Johannes Engelken, Henner Brinkmann and Iwona Adamska
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:233
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. One key question in evolutionary biology deals with the mode and rate at which reproductive isolation accumulates during allopatric speciation. Little is known about secondary contacts of recently diverged anu...

    Authors: Caroline Colliard, Alessandra Sicilia, Giuseppe Fabrizio Turrisi, Marco Arculeo, Nicolas Perrin and Matthias Stöck
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:232
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Pelobacter carbinolicus, a bacterium of the family Geobacteraceae, cannot reduce Fe(III) directly or produce electricity like its relatives. How P. carbinolicus evolved is an intriguing problem. The genome of P. ...

    Authors: Muktak Aklujkar and Derek R Lovley
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:230
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The maternally inherited, bacterial symbiont, parthenogenesis inducing (PI) Wolbachia, causes females in some haplodiploid insects to produce daughters from both fertilized and unfertilized eggs. The symbionts, w...

    Authors: Richard Stouthamer, James E Russell, Fabrice Vavre and Leonard Nunney
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:229
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Polymorphisms of single amino acid repeats (SARPs) are a potential source of genetic variation for rapidly evolving morphological traits. Here, we characterize variation in and test for an association between ...

    Authors: Leanna M Birge, Marie L Pitts, Richard H Baker and Gerald S Wilkinson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:227
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Water Rails (Rallus aquaticus) inhabit fragmented freshwater wetlands across their Palearctic distribution. Disjunct populations are now thought to be morphologically similar over their vast geographic range, tho...

    Authors: Erika S Tavares, Gerard HJ de Kroon and Allan J Baker
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:226
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Mammalian sex-chromosomes originated from a pair of autosomes. A step-wise cessation of recombination is necessary for the proper maintenance of sex-determination and, consequently, generates a four strata str...

    Authors: Mineyo Iwase, Yoko Satta, Hirohisa Hirai, Yuriko Hirai and Naoyuki Takahata
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:225
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Phenotypic and molecular genetic data often provide conflicting patterns of intraspecific relationships confounding phylogenetic inference, particularly among birds where a variety of environmental factors may...

    Authors: Joshua M Hull, David P Mindell, Sandra L Talbot, Emily H Kay, Hopi E Hoekstra and Holly B Ernest
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:224
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Interleukin-4 (IL4) is a secreted immunoregulatory cytokine critically involved in host protection from parasitic helminths [1]. Reasoning that helminths may have evolved mechanisms to antagonize IL4 to maximize ...

    Authors: Madoka Koyanagi, Julie A Kerns, Linda Chung, Yan Zhang, Scott Brown, Tudor Moldoveanu, Harmit S Malik and Mark Bix
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:223
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The chamois, distributed over most of the medium to high altitude mountain ranges of southern Eurasia, provides an excellent model for exploring the effects of historical and evolutionary events on diversifica...

    Authors: Fernando Rodríguez, Trinidad Pérez, Sabine E Hammer, Jesús Albornoz and Ana Domínguez
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:222
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Allometry, the association between size and shape, has long been considered an evolutionary constraint because of its ability to channel variation in particular directions in response to evolution of size. Sev...

    Authors: Christian Peter Klingenberg
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:221
    Content type: Commentary Published on:

  46. Comparative phylogeography recently performed on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtCOI) gene from seven deep-sea vent species suggested that the East Pacific Rise fauna has undergone a vicariant event wit...

    Authors: Sophie Plouviez, Dominique Le Guen, Odile Lecompte, François H Lallier and Didier Jollivet
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:220
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Of the c. 450 families of flowering plants, only two are left "unplaced" in the most recent APG classification of angiosperms. One of these is the Apodanthaceae, a clade of c. 19 holoparasitic species in two o...

    Authors: Natalia Filipowicz and Susanne S Renner
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:219
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. As predicted by theory, traits associated with reproduction often evolve at a comparatively high speed. This is especially the case for courtship behaviour which plays a central role in reproductive isolation....

    Authors: Seraina Klopfstein, Donald LJ Quicke and Christian Kropf
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:218
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Elevated blood O2 affinity enhances survival at low O2 pressures, and is perhaps the best known and most broadly accepted evolutionary adjustment of terrestrial vertebrates to environmental hypoxia. This phenotyp...

    Authors: Kevin L Campbell, Jay F Storz, Anthony V Signore, Hideaki Moriyama, Kenneth C Catania, Alexander P Payson, Joseph Bonaventura, Jörg Stetefeld and Roy E Weber
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010 10:214
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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