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  1. Pseudogenes are traditionally considered “dead” genes, therefore lacking biological functions. This view has however been challenged during the last decade. This is the case of the Protein phosphatase 1 regula...

    Authors: Luís Korrodi-Gregório, Joana Abrantes, Thorsten Muller, José Melo-Ferreira, Katrin Marcus, Odete AB da Cruz e Silva, Margarida Fardilha and Pedro J Esteves
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:242
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. China is characterized by complex topographic structure and dramatic palaeoclimatic changes, making species biogeography studies particularly interesting. Previous researchers have also demonstrated multiple s...

    Authors: Guanjun Lu, Aiqing Lin, Jinhong Luo, Dimitri V Blondel, Kelly A Meiklejohn, Keping Sun and Jiang Feng
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:241
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Hydrophobins are small secreted cysteine-rich proteins that play diverse roles during different phases of fungal life cycle. In basidiomycetes, hydrophobin-encoding genes often form large multigene families wi...

    Authors: Anthony C Mgbeahuruike, Andriy Kovalchuk, Hongxin Chen, Wimal Ubhayasekera and Fred O Asiegbu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:240
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Vertebrate color vision is dependent on four major color opsin subtypes: RH2 (green opsin), SWS1 (ultraviolet opsin), SWS2 (blue opsin), and LWS (red opsin). Together with the dim-light receptor rhodopsin (RH1...

    Authors: David Lagman, Daniel Ocampo Daza, Jenny Widmark, Xesús M Abalo, Görel Sundström and Dan Larhammar
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:238
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have revealed that Hexapoda and Crustacea form a common clade (the Pancrustacea), which is now widely accepted among zoologists; however, the origin of Hexapoda remains unresolv...

    Authors: Go Sasaki, Keisuke Ishiwata, Ryuichiro Machida, Takashi Miyata and Zhi-Hui Su
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:236
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. It is often assumed that evolution takes place on very large timescales. Countering this assumption, rapid evolutionary dynamics are increasingly documented in biological systems, e.g. in the context of predat...

    Authors: Mathias Franz, Oliver Schülke and Julia Ostner
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:235
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Directional selection for growth has resulted in the 9-10th generation of domesticated Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L. outgrowing wild salmon by a ratio of approximately 3:1 when reared under standard hatchery con...

    Authors: Monica Favnebøe Solberg, Zhiwei Zhang, Frank Nilsen and Kevin Alan Glover
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:234
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Species are the fundamental units in evolutionary biology. However, defining them as evolutionary independent lineages requires integration of several independent sources of information in order to develop rob...

    Authors: Matthias Markolf, Hanitriniaina Rakotonirina, Claudia Fichtel, Phillip von Grumbkow, Markus Brameier and Peter M Kappeler
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:233
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The genus Uropsilus comprises a group of terrestrial, montane mammals endemic to the Hengduan and adjacent mountains. These animals are the most primitive living talpids. The taxonomy has been primarily based on ...

    Authors: Tao Wan, Kai He and Xue-Long Jiang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:232
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Hatching enzyme is a protease that digests the egg envelope, enabling hatching of the embryo. We have comprehensively studied the molecular mechanisms of the enzyme action to its substrate egg envelope, and de...

    Authors: Mari Kawaguchi, Koji Inoue, Ichiro Iuchi, Mutsumi Nishida and Shigeki Yasumasu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:231
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Although molecular analyses have contributed to a better resolution of the animal tree of life, the phylogenetic position of tardigrades (water bears) is still controversial, as they have been united alternati...

    Authors: Georg Mayer, Christine Martin, Jan Rüdiger, Susann Kauschke, Paul A Stevenson, Izabela Poprawa, Karin Hohberg, Ralph O Schill, Hans-Joachim Pflüger and Martin Schlegel
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:230
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Evaluating patterns of genetic variation is important to identify conservation units (i.e., evolutionarily significant units [ESUs], management units [MUs], and adaptive units [AUs]) in endangered species. Whi...

    Authors: Ying Zhu, Qiu-Hong Wan, Bin Yu, Yun-Fa Ge and Sheng-Guo Fang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:227
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Humans and insect herbivores are competing for the same food crops and have been for thousands of years. Despite considerable advances in crop pest management, losses due to insects remain considerable. The gl...

    Authors: Laura M Boykin, Charles D Bell, Gregory Evans, Ian Small and Paul J De Barro
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:228
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. It has been hypothesized that sperm whale predation is the driver of eye size evolution in giant squid. Given that the eyes of giant squid have the size expected for a squid this big, it is likely that any enh...

    Authors: Lars Schmitz, Ryosuke Motani, Christopher E Oufiero, Christopher H Martin, Matthew D McGee and Peter C Wainwright
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:226
    Content type: Correspondence Published on:

  18. The brood of ants and other social insects is highly susceptible to pathogens, particularly those that penetrate the soft larval and pupal cuticle. We here test whether the presence of a pupal cocoon, which oc...

    Authors: Simon Tragust, Line V Ugelvig, Michel Chapuisat, Jürgen Heinze and Sylvia Cremer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:225
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Hybridization and reproductive isolation are central to the origin and maintenance of species, and especially for sympatric species, gene flow is often inhibited through barriers that depend upon mating compat...

    Authors: Britta Büker, Elsa Petit, Dominik Begerow and Michael E Hood
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:224
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Climatic and sea-level fluctuations throughout the last Pleistocene glacial cycle (~130-0 ka) profoundly influenced present-day distributions and genetic diversity of Northern Hemisphere biotas by forcing rang...

    Authors: Justin C Bagley, Michael Sandel, Joseph Travis, María de Lourdes Lozano-Vilano and Jerald B Johnson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:223
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Reassortment between the RNA segments encoding haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), the major antigenic influenza proteins, produces viruses with novel HA and NA subtype combinations and has preceded th...

    Authors: Melissa J Ward, Samantha J Lycett, Dorita Avila, Jonathan P Bollback and Andrew J Leigh Brown
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:222
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Female mate preferences may be under strong selection in zones of contact between closely related species because of greater variation in available mates and the potential costs of hybridization. We studied fe...

    Authors: Quinn R Shurtliff, Peter J Murphy, Jaclyn D Yeiter and Marjorie D Matocq
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:220
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Guanine-cytosine (GC) composition is an important feature of genomes. Likewise, amino acid composition is a distinct, but less valued, feature of proteomes. A major concern is that it is not clear what valuabl...

    Authors: Wanping Chen, Yanchun Shao and Fusheng Chen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:219
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Sperm and testes-expressed Adam genes have been shown to undergo bouts of positive selection in mammals. Despite the pervasiveness of positive selection signals, it is unclear what has driven such selective bouts...

    Authors: Phil Grayson and Alberto Civetta
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:217
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. The West Liao River valley in Northeast China is an ecologically diverse region, populated in prehistory by human populations with a wide range of cultures and modes of subsistence. To help understand the huma...

    Authors: Yinqiu Cui, Hongjie Li, Chao Ning, Ye Zhang, Lu Chen, Xin Zhao, Erika Hagelberg and Hui Zhou
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:216
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. The glycolytic pathway is central to cellular energy production. Selection on individual enzymes within glycolysis, particularly phosphoglucose isomerase (Pgi), has been associated with metabolic performance in n...

    Authors: Luke T Dunning, Alice B Dennis, Geoffrey Thomson, Brent J Sinclair, Richard D Newcomb and Thomas R Buckley
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:215
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The Solanaceae is a plant family of great economic importance. Despite a wealth of phylogenetic work on individual clades and a deep knowledge of particular cultivated species such as tomato and potato, a robu...

    Authors: Tiina Särkinen, Lynn Bohs, Richard G Olmstead and Sandra Knapp
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:214
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Recurring dengue outbreaks occur in cyclical pattern in most endemic countries. The recurrences of dengue virus (DENV) infection predispose the population to increased risk of contracting the severe forms of d...

    Authors: Boon-Teong Teoh, Sing-Sin Sam, Kim-Kee Tan, Jefree Johari, Meng-Hooi Shu, Mohammed Bashar Danlami, Juraina Abd-Jamil, NorAziyah MatRahim, Nor Muhammad Mahadi and Sazaly AbuBakar
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:213
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Interlocus conflict predicts (a) evolution of traits, beneficial to males but detrimental to females and (b) evolution of aging and life-span under the influence of the cost of bearing these traits. However, t...

    Authors: Bodhisatta Nandy, Vanika Gupta, Sharmi Sen, Niveda Udaykumar, Manas Arun Samant, Syed Zeeshan Ali and Nagaraj Guru Prasad
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:212
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Organisms are predicted to behave more favourably towards relatives, and kin-biased cooperation has been found in all domains of life from bacteria to vertebrates. Cooperation based on genetic recognition cues...

    Authors: Luke Holman, Jelle S van Zweden, Timothy A Linksvayer and Patrizia d’Ettorre
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:211
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) allows for rapid spread of genetic material between species, increasing genetic and phenotypic diversity. Although HGT contributes to adaptation and is widespread in many bacteri...

    Authors: Sara E Hester, Jihye Park, Laura L Goodfield, Heather A Feaga, Andrew Preston and Eric T Harvill
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:209
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes, tuatara) is a globally distributed and ecologically important group of over 9,000 reptile species. The earliest fossil records are currently restricted to the Late Triassic and o...

    Authors: Marc EH Jones, Cajsa Lisa Anderson, Christy A Hipsley, Johannes Müller, Susan E Evans and Rainer R Schoch
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:208
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii (Diptera: Culicidae) is a primary vector of human and simian malaria parasites in southern and southeastern Brazil. Earlier studies using chromosome inversions, isoenzymes and a numbe...

    Authors: Luísa DP Rona, Carlos J Carvalho-Pinto and Alexandre A Peixoto
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:207
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Sex presents evolutionary costs and benefits, leading to the expectation that the amount of genetic exchange should vary in conditions with contrasting cost-benefit equations. Like eukaryotes, viruses also eng...

    Authors: Samuel L Díaz-Muñoz, Olivier Tenaillon, Daniel Goldhill, Kristen Brao, Paul E Turner and Lin Chao
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:206
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Scleractinian corals and their algal endosymbionts (genus Symbiodinium) exhibit distinct bathymetric distributions on coral reefs. Yet, few studies have assessed the evolutionary context of these ecological distr...

    Authors: Pim Bongaerts, Pedro R Frade, Julie J Ogier, Kyra B Hay, Judith van Bleijswijk, Norbert Englebert, Mark JA Vermeij, Rolf PM Bak, Petra M Visser and Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:205
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The coexistence of macromolecular replicators and thus the stability of presumed prebiotic replicator communities have been shown to critically depend on spatially constrained catalytic cooperation among RNA-l...

    Authors: Balázs Könnyű and Tamás Czárán
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:204
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Most turtles from the Middle and Late Jurassic of Asia are referred to the newly defined clade Xinjiangchelyidae, a group of mostly shell-based, generalized, small to mid-sized aquatic froms that are widely co...

    Authors: Márton Rabi, Chang-Fu Zhou, Oliver Wings, Sun Ge and Walter G Joyce
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:203
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The evolution of land plants is characterized by whole genome duplications (WGD), which drove species diversification and evolutionary novelties. Detecting these events is especially difficult if they date bac...

    Authors: Stefanie Mühlhausen and Martin Kollmar
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:202
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Subterranean faunal radiations can result in complex patterns of morphological divergence involving both convergent or parallel phenotypic evolution and cryptic species diversity. Salamanders of the genus Eurycea

    Authors: Nathan F Bendik, Jesse M Meik, Andrew G Gluesenkamp, Corey E Roelke and Paul T Chippindale
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:201
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. The granivorous house sparrow Passer domesticus is thought to have developed its commensal relationship with humans with the rise of agriculture in the Middle East some 10,000 years ago, and to have expanded with...

    Authors: Sepand Riyahi, Øyvind Hammer, Tayebeh Arbabi, Antonio Sánchez, Cees S Roselaar, Mansour Aliabadian and Glenn-Peter Sætre
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:200
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Many insects are chemically defended against predatory vertebrates and invertebrates. Nevertheless, our understanding of the evolution and diversity of insect defenses remains limited, since most studies have ...

    Authors: Jean-Luc Boevé, Stephan M Blank, Gert Meijer and Tommi Nyman
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:198
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Life history tradeoffs may result from temporal and physiological constraints intrinsic to an organism. When faced with limited time and energy, compromises occur and these resources are allocated among essent...

    Authors: Michael M Webber and Javier A Rodríguez-Robles
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:197
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Intraspecific genetic variation of African fauna has been significantly affected by pronounced climatic fluctuations in Plio-Pleistocene, but, with the exception of large mammals, very limited empirical data o...

    Authors: Veronika Bartáková, Martin Reichard, Karel Janko, Matej Polačik, Radim Blažek, Kathrin Reichwald, Alessandro Cellerino and Josef Bryja
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:196
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. The evolutionary events that have shaped biodiversity patterns in the African rainforests are still poorly documented. Past forest fragmentation and ecological gradients have been advocated as important driver...

    Authors: Jerome Duminil, Richard P Brown, Eben-Ezer BK Ewédjè, Patrick Mardulyn, Jean-Louis Doucet and Olivier J Hardy
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:195
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. In vertebrates, it has been repeatedly demonstrated that genes encoding proteins involved in pathogen-recognition by adaptive immunity (e.g. MHC) are subject to intensive diversifying selection. On the other hand...

    Authors: Alena Fornůsková, Michal Vinkler, Marie Pagès, Maxime Galan, Emmanuelle Jousselin, Frederique Cerqueira, Serge Morand, Nathalie Charbonnel, Josef Bryja and Jean-François Cosson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:194
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Plants have evolved an astonishing array of survival strategies. To defend against insects, for example, damaged plants emit volatile organic compounds that attract the herbivore’s natural enemies. So far, pla...

    Authors: Michael Rostás, Daniel Maag, Makihiko Ikegami and Moshe Inbar
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:193
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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