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  1. The detection and avoidance of “long-branch effects” in phylogenetic inference represents a longstanding challenge for molecular phylogenetic investigations. A consequence of parallelism and convergence, long-...

    Authors: Zhuo Su and Jeffrey P Townsend
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:86
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. The evolutionary highly conserved neurohypophyseal hormones oxytocin and arginine vasopressin play key roles in regulating social cognition and behaviours. The effects of these two peptides are meditated by th...

    Authors: Helmut Schaschl, Susanne Huber, Katrin Schaefer, Sonja Windhager, Bernard Wallner and Martin Fieder
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Haplodiploidy, where females develop from diploid, fertilized eggs and males from haploid, unfertilized eggs, is abundant in some insect lineages. Some species in these lineages reproduce by thelytoky that is ...

    Authors: Wen-Juan Ma, Bart A. Pannebakker, Louis van de Zande, Tanja Schwander, Bregje Wertheim and Leo W. Beukeboom
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:84
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Feathers and hair consist of cornified epidermal keratinocytes in which proteins are crosslinked via disulfide bonds between cysteine residues of structural proteins to establish mechanical resilience. Cystein...

    Authors: Bettina Strasser, Veronika Mlitz, Marcela Hermann, Erwin Tschachler and Leopold Eckhart
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:82
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Consumer-resource interactions constitute one of the most common types of interspecific antagonistic interaction. In natural communities, complex species interactions are likely to affect the outcomes of recip...

    Authors: Anni-Maria Örmälä-Odegrip, Ville Ojala, Teppo Hiltunen, Ji Zhang, Jaana KH Bamford and Jouni Laakso
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:81
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Our aim is to understand the evolution of species-rich plant groups that shifted from tropical into cold/temperate biomes. It is well known that climate affects evolutionary processes, such as how fast species...

    Authors: Nicolai M Nürk, Simon Uribe-Convers, Berit Gehrke, David C Tank and Frank R Blattner
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:80
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Effective policies, management, and scientific research programs depend on the correct identification of invasive species as being either native or introduced. However, many species continue to be misidentified.

    Authors: Karine Posbic Leydet and Michael E Hellberg
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:79
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Vertebrate Emx genes, retained as multiple copies, are expressed in a nested pattern in the early embryonic forebrain and required for its regionalization. This pattern seems to have originated in a vertebrate co...

    Authors: Miyuki Noro, Fumiaki Sugahara and Shigehiro Kuraku
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Simpson envisaged a conceptual model of adaptive radiation in which lineages diversify into “adaptive zones” within a macroevolutionary adaptive landscape. However, only a handful of studies have empirically i...

    Authors: Viviana Astudillo-Clavijo, Jessica H Arbour and Hernán López-Fernández
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. The biological concept of species stresses the importance of understanding what mechanisms maintain species reproductively isolated from each other. Often such mechanisms are divided into premating and postmat...

    Authors: Alberto Civetta and Chelsea Gaudreau
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Recent studies suggest there is a relationship between intervertebral disc herniation and vertebral shape. The nature of this relationship is unclear, however. Humans are more commonly afflicted with spinal di...

    Authors: Kimberly A Plomp, Una Strand Viðarsdóttir, Darlene A Weston, Keith Dobney and Mark Collard
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:68
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Mating between close relatives often leads to a reduction of an individual’s fitness, due to an increased expression of deleterious alleles. Thus, in many animal taxa pre- as well as postcopulatory inbreeding ...

    Authors: Marion Mehlis, Anna K Rahn and Theo C M Bakker
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:74
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The Mormon Metalmark (Apodemia mormo) species complex occurs as isolated and phenotypically variable colonies in dryland areas across western North America. Lange’s Metalmark, A. m. langei, one of the 17 subspeci...

    Authors: Benjamin Proshek, Julian R Dupuis, Anna Engberg, Ken Davenport, Paul A Opler, Jerry A Powell and Felix AH Sperling
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:73
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is one of the most important species for temperate pastoral agriculture, forming associations with genetically diverse groups of mutualistic fungal endophytes. However, only...

    Authors: Inoka K Hettiarachchige, Piyumi N Ekanayake, Ross C Mann, Kathryn M Guthridge, Timothy I Sawbridge, German C Spangenberg and John W Forster
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. This study aims to reconstruct the evolutionary history of African shrews referred to the Crocidura olivieri complex. We tested the respective role of forest retraction/expansion during the Pleistocene, rivers (a...

    Authors: François Jacquet, Christiane Denys, Erik Verheyen, Josef Bryja, Rainer Hutterer, Julian C Kerbis Peterhans, William T Stanley, Steven M Goodman, Arnaud Couloux, Marc Colyn and Violaine Nicolas
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. The genomic history of prokaryotic organismal lineages is marked by extensive horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between groups of organisms at all taxonomic levels. These HGT events have played an essential role ...

    Authors: Gregory P Fournier, Cheryl P Andam and Johann Peter Gogarten
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:70
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The genomes of eukaryotes vary enormously in size, with much of this diversity driven by differences in the abundances of transposable elements (TEs). There is also substantial structural and phylogenetic dive...

    Authors: Tyler A Elliott and T Ryan Gregory
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. Correct species identification is crucial in different fields of biology, and in conservation. The endemic West African frog family Odontobatrachidae currently contains a single described species, Odontobatrachus...

    Authors: Michael F Barej, Johannes Penner, Andreas Schmitz and Mark-Oliver Rödel
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Long-established protein-coding genes may lose their coding potential during evolution (“unitary gene loss”). Members of the Poaceae family are a major food source and represent an ideal model clade for plant ...

    Authors: Yi Zhao, Liang Tang, Zhe Li, Jinpu Jin, Jingchu Luo and Ge Gao
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Bayesian relaxed-clock dating has significantly influenced our understanding of the timeline of biotic evolution. This approach requires the use of priors on the branching process, yet little is known about th...

    Authors: Fabien L Condamine, Nathalie S Nagalingum, Charles R Marshall and Hélène Morlon
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:65
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. The human (Homo sapiens) chemokine-like protein macrophage migration inhibitory factor (HsMIF) is a pivotal mediator of inflammatory, infectious and immune diseases including septic shock, colitis, malaria, rheum...

    Authors: Ralph Panstruga, Kira Baumgarten and Jürgen Bernhagen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:64
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The New Zealand native frogs, family Leiopelmatidae, are among the most archaic in the world. Leiopelma hochstetteri (Hochstetter’s frog) is a small, semi-aquatic frog with numerous, fragmented populations scatte...

    Authors: Mette Lillie, Catherine E Grueber, Jolene T Sutton, Robyn Howitt, Phillip J Bishop, Dianne Gleeson and Katherine Belov
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. High-throughput sequencing using targeted enrichment and transcriptomic methods enables rapid construction of phylogenomic data sets incorporating hundreds to thousands of loci. These advances have enabled acc...

    Authors: Matthew C Brandley, Jason G Bragg, Sonal Singhal, David G Chapple, Charlotte K Jennings, Alan R Lemmon, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Michael B Thompson and Craig Moritz
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:62
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Mangrove plants grow in the intertidal zone in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The global latitudinal distribution of the mangrove is mainly influenced by climatic and oceanographic features. Becau...

    Authors: Gustavo M Mori, Maria I Zucchi, Iracilda Sampaio and Anete P Souza
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:61
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Complex communities of bacteria inhabit the feathers of all birds. Under normal conditions, individuals maintain a healthy state by defending themselves against these potential invaders by preening. The immune...

    Authors: Sarah Leclaire, Gábor Árpád Czirják, Abdessalem Hammouda and Julien Gasparini
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Transgenerational plasticity provides phenotypic variation that contributes to adaptation. For plants, the timing of seed germination is critical for offspring survival in stressful environments, as germinatio...

    Authors: Wendy T Vu, Peter L Chang, Ken S Moriuchi and Maren L Friesen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:59
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. The host range of a pathogenic bacterial strain likely influences its effective population size, which in turn affects the efficacy of selection. Transmission between competent hosts may occur more frequently ...

    Authors: Matthew L Aardema and Friederike D von Loewenich
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Mangrove forests are ecologically important but globally threatened intertidal plant communities. Effective mangrove conservation requires the determination of species identity, management units, and genetic s...

    Authors: Alison K S Wee, Koji Takayama, Jasher L Chua, Takeshi Asakawa, Sankararamasubramanian H Meenakshisundaram, Onrizal, Bayu Adjie, Erwin Riyanto Ardli, Sarawood Sungkaew, Norhaslinda Binti Malekal, Nguyen Xuan Tung, Severino G Salmo III, Orlex Baylen Yllano, M Nazre Saleh, Khin Khin Soe, Yoichi Tateishi…
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Male salamanders (Urodela) often make use of pheromones that are produced in sexually dimorphic glands to persuade the female into courtship and mating. The mental gland of lungless salamanders (Plethodontidae...

    Authors: Sunita Janssenswillen, Bert Willaert, Dag Treer, Wim Vandebergh, Franky Bossuyt and Ines Van Bocxlaer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Mutualistic obligate endosymbioses shape the evolution of endosymbiont genomes, but their impact on host genomes remains unclear. Insects of the sub-order Sternorrhyncha (Hemiptera) depend on bacterial endosym...

    Authors: Romain A Dahan, Rebecca P Duncan, Alex CC Wilson and Liliana M Dávalos
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:52
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Populations of a species often differ in key traits. However, it is rarely known whether these differences are associated with genetic variation and evolved differences between populations, or are instead simp...

    Authors: Michelle L Taylor, Alison Skeats, Alastair J Wilson, Tom A R Price and Nina Wedell
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:51
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Bambusoideae (Poaceae) comprise three distinct and well-supported lineages: tropical woody bamboos (Bambuseae), temperate woody bamboos (Arundinarieae) and herbaceous bamboos (Olyreae). Phylogenetic studies us...

    Authors: William P Wysocki, Lynn G Clark, Lakshmi Attigala, Eduardo Ruiz-Sanchez and Melvin R Duvall
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:50
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. With 10,000 species, Magnoliidae are the largest clade of flowering plants outside monocots and eudicots. Despite an ancient and rich fossil history, the tempo and mode of diversification of Magnoliidae remain...

    Authors: Julien Massoni, Thomas LP Couvreur and Hervé Sauquet
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:49
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The diversity of the symbiotic dinoflagellate Symbiodinium sp., as assessed by genetic markers, is well established. To what extent this diversity is reflected on the amino acid level of functional genes such as ...

    Authors: Thomas Krueger, Paul L Fisher, Susanne Becker, Stefanie Pontasch, Sophie Dove, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, William Leggat and Simon K Davy
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:48
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Amelotin (AMTN) is an ameloblast-secreted protein that belongs to the secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein (SCPP) family, which originated in early vertebrates. In rodents, AMTN is expressed during the mat...

    Authors: Barbara Gasse, Ylenia Chiari, Jérémie Silvent, Tiphaine Davit-Béal and Jean-Yves Sire
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:47
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The symbiosis between corals and the dinoflagellate alga Symbiodinium is essential for the development and survival of coral reefs. Yet this fragile association is highly vulnerable to environmental disturbance. ...

    Authors: Shaun P Wilkinson, Paul L Fisher, Madeleine JH van Oppen and Simon K Davy
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:46
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Apocrita has a special structure that its first abdominal segment has been incorporated into the thorax as the propodeum. The remaining abdomen, metasoma, is connected to this hybrid region via a narrow propod...

    Authors: Longfeng Li, Chungkun Shih, Alexandr P Rasnitsyn and Dong Ren
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:45
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is an essential protein complex for plant development. It catalyzes ubiquitination of histone H2A that is an important part of the transcription repression machinery. Absen...

    Authors: Lidija Berke and Berend Snel
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:44
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Parasite-host arms race is one of the key factors in the evolution of life. Most cellular life forms, in particular prokaryotes, possess diverse forms of defense against pathogens including innate immunity, ad...

    Authors: Jaime Iranzo, Alexander E Lobkovsky, Yuri I Wolf and Eugene V Koonin
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:43
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. One of the first phyla to acquire biomineralized skeletal elements in the Cambrian, brachiopods represent a vital component in unraveling the early evolution and relationships of the Lophotrochozoa. Critical t...

    Authors: Timothy P Topper, Luke C Strotz, Lars E Holmer, Zhifei Zhang, Noel N Tait and Jean-Bernard Caron
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:42
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Drosophila melanogaster often shows correlations between latitude and phenotypic or genetic variation on different continents, which suggests local adaptation with respect to a heterogeneous en...

    Authors: Nicolas Svetec, Li Zhao, Perot Saelao, Joanna C Chiu and David J Begun
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:41
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Social animals have the unique capability of mounting social defenses against pathogens. Over the last decades, social immunity has been extensively studied in species with obligatory and permanent forms of so...

    Authors: Janina MC Diehl, Maximilian Körner, Michael Pietsch and Joël Meunier
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:40
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Shelled pteropods are planktonic gastropods that are potentially good indicators of the effects of ocean acidification. They also have high potential for the study of zooplankton evolution because they are met...

    Authors: Alice K Burridge, Erica Goetze, Niels Raes, Jef Huisman and Katja T C A Peijnenburg
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:39
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. During the speciation process several types of isolating barriers can arise that limit gene flow between diverging populations. Studying recently isolated species can inform our understanding of how and when t...

    Authors: Nicholas J Arthur and Kelly A Dyer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:38
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Genetic analyses of DNA sequences make use of an increasingly complex set of nucleotide substitution models to estimate the divergence between gene sequences. However, there is currently no way to assess the v...

    Authors: Sebastián Duchêne, Simon YW Ho and Edward C Holmes
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2015 15:36
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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