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  2. The arginine vasopressin V1a receptor (V1aR) modulates social cognition and behavior in a wide variety of species. Variation in a repetitive microsatellite element in the 5' flanking region of the V1aR gene (AVPR...

    Authors: Zoe R Donaldson, Fyodor A Kondrashov, Andrea Putnam, Yaohui Bai, Tara L Stoinski, Elizabeth AD Hammock and Larry J Young
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Myco-heterotrophy evolved independently several times during angiosperm evolution. Although many species of myco-heterotrophic plants are highly endemic and long-distance dispersal seems unlikely, some genera ...

    Authors: Vincent Merckx, Lars W Chatrou, Benny Lemaire, Moses N Sainge, Suzy Huysmans and Erik F Smets
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:178
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Novel immune-type receptor (NITR) genes are members of diversified multigene families that are found in bony fish and encode type I transmembrane proteins containing one or two extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig...

    Authors: Salil Desai, Amy K Heffelfinger, Timothy M Orcutt, Gary W Litman and Jeffrey A Yoder
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:177
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. C2H2 zinc finger genes (C2H2-ZNF) constitute the largest class of transcription factors in humans and one of the largest gene families in mammals. Often arranged in clusters in the genome, these genes are thou...

    Authors: Hamsa D Tadepally, Gertraud Burger and Muriel Aubry
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:176
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The Notch signaling pathway is fundamental to the regulation of many cell fate decisions in eumetazoans. Not surprisingly, members of this pathway are highly conserved even between vertebrates and invertebrate...

    Authors: Dieter Maier, Anna X Chen, Anette Preiss and Manuela Ketelhut
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:175
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Domestication of chicken is believed to have occurred in Southeast Asia, especially in Indus valley. However, non-inclusion of Indian red jungle fowl (RJF), Gallus gallus murghi in previous studies has left a big...

    Authors: Sriramana Kanginakudru, Muralidhar Metta, RD Jakati and J Nagaraju
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:174
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Minor alleles of the human dopamine receptor polymorphisms, DRD2/TaqI A and DRD4/48 bp, are related to decreased functioning and/or numbers of their respective receptors and have been shown to be correlated wi...

    Authors: Dan TA Eisenberg, Benjamin Campbell, Peter B Gray and Michael D Sorenson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:173
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Precise dating of viral subtype divergence enables researchers to correlate divergence with geographic and demographic occurrences. When historical data are absent (that is, the overwhelming majority), viral s...

    Authors: John D O'Brien, Zhen-Su She and Marc A Suchard
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:172
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  11. Lbx/ladybird genes originated as part of the metazoan cluster of Nk homeobox genes. In all animals investigated so far, both the protostome genes and the vertebrate Lbx1 genes were found to play crucial roles in ...

    Authors: Karl R Wotton, Frida K Weierud, Susanne Dietrich and Katharine E Lewis
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:171
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Functional studies in model organisms, such as vertebrates and Drosophila, have shown that basic Helix-loop-Helix (bHLH) proteins have important roles in different steps of neurogenesis, from the acquisition of n...

    Authors: Elena Simionato, Pierre Kerner, Nicolas Dray, Martine Le Gouar, Valérie Ledent, Detlev Arendt and Michel Vervoort
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Chromosomal painting, using whole chromosome probes from humans and Saguinus oedipus, was used to establish karyotypic divergence among species of the genus Cebus, including C. olivaceus, C. albifrons, C. apella ...

    Authors: PJS Amaral, LFM Finotelo, EHC De Oliveira, A Pissinatti, CY Nagamachi and JC Pieczarka
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:169
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. The first step of GPI anchor biosynthesis is catalyzed by PIG-A, an enzyme that transfers N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to phosphatidylinositol. This protein is present in all eukaryotic organi...

    Authors: Nupur Oswal, Narinder Singh Sahni, Alok Bhattacharya, Sneha Sudha Komath and Rohini Muthuswami
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:168
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been extensively used in population and evolutionary genetics studies. Thus, a valid estimate of human mtDNA evolutionary rate is important in many research fields. The smal...

    Authors: Cristina Santos, Rafael Montiel, Adriana Arruda, Luis Alvarez, Maria Pilar Aluja and Manuela Lima
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:167
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Actin is a cytoskeletal protein which exerts a broad range of functions in almost all eukaryotic cells. In higher vertebrates, six primary actin isoforms can be distinguished: alpha-skeletal, alpha-cardiac, al...

    Authors: Laura D Bertola, Elisabeth B Ott, Sander Griepsma, Freek J Vonk and Christoph P Bagowski
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:166
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Freshwater unionoidean bivalves, and species representing two marine bivalve orders (Mytiloida and Veneroida), exhibit a mode of mtDNA inheritance involving distinct maternal (F) and paternal (M) transmission ...

    Authors: Eric G Chapman, Helen Piontkivska, Jennifer M Walker, Donald T Stewart, Jason P Curole and Walter R Hoeh
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:165
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Few models of genetic hitchhiking in subdivided populations have been developed and the rarity of empirical examples is even more striking. We here provide evidences of genetic hitchhiking in a subdivided popu...

    Authors: Matthieu F Faure, Patrice David, François Bonhomme and Nicolas Bierne
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:164
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Genomic imprinting occurs in both marsupial and eutherian mammals. The CDKN1C and IGF2 genes are both imprinted and syntenic in the mouse and human, but in marsupials only IGF2 is imprinted. This study examines t...

    Authors: Eleanor I Ager, Andrew J Pask, Helen M Gehring, Geoff Shaw and Marilyn B Renfree
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:163
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. A number of the deeper divergences in the placental mammal tree are still inconclusively resolved despite extensive phylogenomic analyses. A recent analysis of 200 kbp of protein coding sequences yielded only ...

    Authors: Björn M Hallström and Axel Janke
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:162
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Tectonic, volcanic and climatic events that produce changes in hydrographic systems are the main causes of diversification and speciation of freshwater fishes. Elucidate the evolutionary history of freshwater ...

    Authors: Omar Domínguez-Domínguez, Fernando Alda, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León, José Luis García-Garitagoitia and Ignacio Doadrio
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:161
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Cide family proteins including Cidea, Cideb and Cidec/Fsp27, contain an N-terminal CIDE-N domain that shares sequence similarity to the N-terminal CAD domain (NCD) of DNA fragmentation factors Dffa/Dff45/ICAD ...

    Authors: Congyang Wu, Yinxin Zhang, Zhirong Sun and Peng Li
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:159
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Unisexual salamanders of the genus Ambystoma exemplify the most ancient lineage of unisexual vertebrates and demonstrate an extremely flexible reproductive system. Unisexual Ambystoma interact with and incorporat...

    Authors: Ke Bi, James P Bogart and Jinzhong Fu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:158
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Two processes may contribute to the formation of global centers of biodiversity: elevated local speciation rates (the center of origin hypothesis), and greater accumulation of species formed elsewhere (the cen...

    Authors: Luiz A Rocha, Claudia R Rocha, D Ross Robertson and Brian W Bowen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:157
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. The magnitude of intronic and intergenic DNA can vary substantially both within and among evolutionary lineages; however, the forces responsible for this disparity in genome compactness are conjectural. One ex...

    Authors: David Roy Smith and Robert W Lee
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:156
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Sexually dimorphic structures contribute the largest number of morphological differences between closely related insect species thus implying that these structures evolve fast and are involved in speciation. T...

    Authors: Nalini Puniamoorthy, Kathy Feng-Yi Su and Rudolf Meier
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:155
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Obligate asexual reproduction is rare in the animal kingdom. Generally, asexuals are considered evolutionary dead ends that are unable to radiate. The phytophagous mite genus Bryobia contains a large number of as...

    Authors: Vera ID Ros, Johannes AJ Breeuwer and Steph BJ Menken
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:153
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Plastids have inherited their own genomes from a single cyanobacterial ancestor, but the majority of cyanobacterial genes, once retained in the ancestral plastid genome, have been lost or transferred into the ...

    Authors: Shinichiro Maruyama, Kazuharu Misawa, Mineo Iseki, Masakatsu Watanabe and Hisayoshi Nozaki
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:151
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Oceans are high gene flow environments that are traditionally believed to hamper the build-up of genetic divergence. Despite this, divergence appears to occur occasionally at surprisingly small scales. The Gal...

    Authors: Jochen BW Wolf, Chris Harrod, Sylvia Brunner, Sandie Salazar, Fritz Trillmich and Diethard Tautz
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:150
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. When natural hybridization occurs at sites where the hybridizing species differ in abundance, the pollen load delivered to the rare species should be predominantly from the common species. Previous authors hav...

    Authors: Renchao Zhou, Xun Gong, David Boufford, Chung-I Wu and Suhua Shi
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:149
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Recent studies have revealed an unexpected diversity of domain architecture among FcR-like receptors that presumably fulfill regulatory functions in the immune system. Different species of mammals, as well as ...

    Authors: Sergey V Guselnikov, Thaminda Ramanayake, Aleksandra Y Erilova, Ludmila V Mechetina, Alexander M Najakshin, Jacques Robert and Alexander V Taranin
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:148
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (PTS) plays a major role in sugar transport and in the regulation of essential physiological processes in many bacteria. The PTS couples solute transport to it...

    Authors: Iñaki Comas, Fernando González-Candelas and Manuel Zúñiga
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:147
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Austronesian is a linguistic family spread in most areas of the Southeast Asia, the Pacific Ocean, and the Indian Ocean. Based on their linguistic similarity, this linguistic family included Malayo-Polynesians...

    Authors: Hui Li, Bo Wen, Shu-Juo Chen, Bing Su, Patcharin Pramoonjago, Yangfan Liu, Shangling Pan, Zhendong Qin, Wenhong Liu, Xu Cheng, Ningning Yang, Xin Li, Dinhbinh Tran, Daru Lu, Mu-Tsu Hsu, Ranjan Deka…
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:146
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The secondary genepool of our modern cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) consists of a large number of tuber-bearing wild Solanum species under Solanum section Petota. One of the major taxonomic problems in ...

    Authors: Mirjam MJ Jacobs, Ronald G van den Berg, Vivianne GAA Vleeshouwers, Marcel Visser, Rolf Mank, Mariëlle Sengers, Roel Hoekstra and Ben Vosman
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:145
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Authority and year information have been attached to taxonomic names since Linnaean times. The systematic structure of taxonomic nomenclature facilitates the ability to develop tools that can be used to explor...

    Authors: Indra Neil Sarkar, Ryan Schenk and Catherine N Norton
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:144
    Content type: Software Published on:

  40. The RPS4 gene codifies for ribosomal protein S4, a very well-conserved protein present in all kingdoms. In primates, RPS4 is codified by two functional genes located on both sex chromosomes: the RPS4X and RPS4Y g...

    Authors: Olga Andrés, Thomas Kellermann, Francesc López-Giráldez, Julio Rozas, Xavier Domingo-Roura and Montserrat Bosch
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:142
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera:Psychodidae) Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia Lutz & Neiva 1912 and Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani Antunes & Coutinho 1932 are two very closely related species and important v...

    Authors: Camila J Mazzoni, Alejandra S Araki, Gabriel EM Ferreira, Renata VDM Azevedo, Guido Barbujani and Alexandre A Peixoto
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:141
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Polypodium hydriforme is a parasite with an unusual life cycle and peculiar morphology, both of which have made its systematic position uncertain. Polypodium has traditionally been considered a cnidarian because ...

    Authors: Nathaniel M Evans, Alberto Lindner, Ekaterina V Raikova, Allen G Collins and Paulyn Cartwright
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:139
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:165

  44. Microsatellites are frequently used genetic markers in a wide range of applications, primarily due to their high length polymorphism levels that can easily be genotyped by fragment length analysis. However, th...

    Authors: Jarl A Anmarkrud, Oddmund Kleven, Lutz Bachmann and Jan T Lifjeld
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:138
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Adaptive radiation within fishes of the Coregonus lavaretus complex has created numerous morphs, posing significant challenges for taxonomy and conservation priorities. The highly endangered North Sea houting (C....

    Authors: Michael M Hansen, Dylan J Fraser, Thomas D Als and Karen-Lise D Mensberg
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:137
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Adhesion mediated through the integrin family of cell surface receptors is central to early development throughout the Metazoa, playing key roles in cell-extra cellular matrix adhesion and modulation of cadher...

    Authors: Brent A Knack, Akira Iguchi, Chuya Shinzato, David C Hayward, Eldon E Ball and David J Miller
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:136
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have identified Trimeniaceae, a monotypic family distributed only in Oceania, as among the earliest diverging families of extant angiosperms. Therefore, the fossils of this fami...

    Authors: Toshihiro Yamada, Harufumi Nishida, Masayoshi Umebayashi, Kazuhiko Uemura and Masahiro Kato
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:135
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. The increasing number of available genomic sequences makes it now possible to study the evolutionary history of specific genes or gene families. Transcription factors (TFs) involved in regulation of gene-speci...

    Authors: Virginie Daburon, Sébastien Mella, Jean-Louis Plouhinec, Sylvie Mazan, Michèle Crozatier and Alain Vincent
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:131
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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