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  1. Island populations are excellent model systems for studies of phenotypic, ecological and molecular evolution. In this study, molecular markers of mitochondrial and nuclear derivation were used to investigate t...

    Authors: Iñigo Martínez-Solano and Robin Lawson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:38
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Biology has increasingly recognized the necessity to build and utilize larger phylogenies to address broad evolutionary questions. Large phylogenies have facilitated the discovery of differential rates of mole...

    Authors: Stephen A Smith, Jeremy M Beaulieu and Michael J Donoghue
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:37
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  4. The rattlesnake rattling system is an evolutionary novelty that includes anatomical, behavioral, and physiological modifications of the generalized pitviper tail. One such modification, the formation of a bony...

    Authors: Jesse M Meik and André Pires-daSilva
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:35
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Akirins are nuclear proteins that form part of an innate immune response pathway conserved in Drosophila and mice. This studies aim was to characterise the evolution of akirin gene structure and protein function ...

    Authors: Daniel J Macqueen and Ian A Johnston
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:34
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Sex differences in lifespan are ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom but the causes underlying this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Several explanations based on asymmetrical inheritance patterns (sex...

    Authors: Trine Bilde, Alexei A Maklakov, Katrine Meisner, Lucia la Guardia and Urban Friberg
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:33
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Hybrid zones generally represent areas of secondary contact after speciation. The nature of the interaction between genes of individuals in a hybrid zone is of interest in the study of evolutionary processes. ...

    Authors: Jennifer Pastorini, Alphonse Zaramody, Deborah J Curtis, Caroline M Nievergelt and Nicholas I Mundy
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:32
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. The histone H2A family encompasses the greatest number of core histone variants of which the replacement variant H2A.Z is currently one of the most heavily studied. No clear mechanism for the functional variab...

    Authors: José M Eirín-López, Rodrigo González-Romero, Deanna Dryhurst, Toyotaka Ishibashi and Juan Ausió
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:31
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Species are viewed as the fundamental unit in most subdisciplines of biology. To conservationists this unit represents the currency for global biodiversity assessments. Even though Madagascar belongs to one of...

    Authors: Linn F Groeneveld, David W Weisrock, Rodin M Rasoloarison, Anne D Yoder and Peter M Kappeler
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:30
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. The thin-spined porcupine, also known as the bristle-spined rat, Chaetomys subspinosus (Olfers, 1818), the only member of its genus, figures among Brazilian endangered species. In addition to being threatened, it...

    Authors: Roberto V Vilela, Taís Machado, Karen Ventura, Valéria Fagundes, Maria José de J Silva and Yatiyo Yonenaga-Yassuda
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:29
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The question of how genomic processes, such as gene duplication, give rise to co-ordinated organismal properties, such as emergence of new body plans, organs and lifestyles, is of importance in developmental a...

    Authors: Lukasz Huminiecki, Leon Goldovsky, Shiri Freilich, Aristidis Moustakas, Christos Ouzounis and Carl-Henrik Heldin
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:28
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. In ecological character displacement, traits involved in reproductive isolation may not evolve in arbitrary directions when changes in these traits are by-products of adaptation to an ecological niche. In repr...

    Authors: Yikweon Jang, Yong-Jin Won and Jae Chun Choe
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:27
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Costs of adaptation play an important role in host-parasite coevolution. For parasites, evolving the ability to circumvent host resistance may trade off with subsequent growth or transmission. Such costs of vi...

    Authors: Bochra Bahri, Oliver Kaltz, Marc Leconte, Claude de Vallavieille-Pope and Jérôme Enjalbert
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:26
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Species that are widespread throughout historically glaciated and currently non-glaciated areas provide excellent opportunities to investigate the role of Pleistocene climatic change on the distribution of Nor...

    Authors: Matt J Walker, Amy K Stockman, Paul E Marek and Jason E Bond
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:25
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Amino acid insertions and deletions in proteins are considered relatively rare events, and their associations with the evolution and adaptation of organisms are not yet understood. In this study, we undertook ...

    Authors: Zhengyuan Wang, John Martin, Sahar Abubucker, Yong Yin, Robin B Gasser and Makedonka Mitreva
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:23
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. The phylogeny of Eumalacostraca (Crustacea) remains elusive, despite over a century of interest. Recent morphological and molecular phylogenies appear highly incongruent, but this has not been assessed quantit...

    Authors: Ronald A Jenner, Ciara Ní Dhubhghaill, Matteo P Ferla and Matthew A Wills
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:21
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The phylogeny of Cetacea (whales) is not fully resolved with substantial support. The ambiguous and conflicting results of multiple phylogenetic studies may be the result of the use of too little data, phyloge...

    Authors: Ye Xiong, Matthew C Brandley, Shixia Xu, Kaiya Zhou and Guang Yang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:20
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. In eukaryotic cells, directional transport between different compartments of the endomembrane system is mediated by vesicles that bud from a donor organelle and then fuse with an acceptor organelle. A family o...

    Authors: Nickias Kienle, Tobias H Kloepper and Dirk Fasshauer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:19
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Msx originated early in animal evolution and is implicated in human genetic disorders. To reconstruct the functional evolution of Msx and inform the study of human mutations, we analyzed the phylogeny and synt...

    Authors: John R Finnerty, Maureen E Mazza and Peter A Jezewski
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:18
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Orthologs of the vertebrate ATP gated P2X channels have been identified in Dictyostelium and green algae, demonstrating that the emergence of ionotropic purinergic signalling was an early event in eukaryotic evol...

    Authors: Selvan Bavan, Volko A Straub, Mark L Blaxter and Steven J Ennion
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:17
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Male killing endosymbionts manipulate their arthropod host reproduction by only allowing female embryos to develop into infected females and killing all male offspring. Because the resulting change in sex rati...

    Authors: Dries Bonte, Thomas Hovestadt and Hans-Joachim Poethke
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:16
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. As exemplified by the famously successful model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, nematodes offer outstanding animal systems for investigating diverse biological phenomena due to their small genome sizes, short ge...

    Authors: Samantha C Lewis, Leslie A Dyal, Caroline F Hilburn, Stephanie Weitz, Wei-Siang Liau, Craig W LaMunyon and Dee R Denver
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:15
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Correction to Kirsch S, Pasantes J, Wolf A, Bogdanova N, Münch C, Pennekamp P, Krawczak M, Dworniczak B, Schempp W: Chromosomal evolution of the PKD1 gene family in primates. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008, 8:263 ...

    Authors: Stefan Kirsch, Juanjo Pasantes, Andreas Wolf, Nadia Bogdanova, Claudia Münch, Arseni Markoff, Petra Pennekamp, Michael Krawczak, Bernd Dworniczak and Werner Schempp
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:14
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:263

  27. Sensing bitter tastes is crucial for many animals because it can prevent them from ingesting harmful foods. This process is mainly mediated by the bitter taste receptors (T2R), which are largely expressed in t...

    Authors: Dong Dong, Gareth Jones and Shuyi Zhang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:12
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The SPFH protein superfamily is a diverse family of proteins whose eukaryotic members are involved in the scaffolding of detergent-resistant microdomains. Recently the origin of the SPFH proteins has been ques...

    Authors: Markus Hinderhofer, Christina A Walker, Anke Friemel, Claudia AO Stuermer, Heiko M Möller and Alexander Reuter
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:10
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Sleep is a biological enigma. Despite occupying much of an animal's life, and having been scrutinized by numerous experimental studies, there is still no consensus on its function. Similarly, no hypothesis has...

    Authors: Brian T Preston, Isabella Capellini, Patrick McNamara, Robert A Barton and Charles L Nunn
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:7
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. A major question in behavioural ecology concerns the relationship between genetic mating systems and the strength of sexual selection. In this study, we investigated the genetic mating system of the two-spotte...

    Authors: Kenyon B Mobley, Trond Amundsen, Elisabet Forsgren, Per A Svensson and Adam G Jones
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:6
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a mitochondrial anion carrier, expressed in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of Eutherians. UCP1 is responsible for uncoupling mitochondrial proton transport from the production of ATP...

    Authors: David A Hughes, Martin Jastroch, Mark Stoneking and Martin Klingenspor
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:4
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Natural selection is a potent evolutionary force that shapes phenotypic variation to match ecological conditions. However, we know little about the year-to-year consistency of selection, or how inter-annual va...

    Authors: Ryan Calsbeek, Wolfgang Buermann and Thomas B Smith
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:3
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The multiplicity or loss of the vitellogenin (vtg) gene family in vertebrates has been argued to have broad implications for the mode of reproduction (placental or non-placental), cleavage pattern (meroblastic or...

    Authors: Roderick Nigel Finn, Jelena Kolarevic, Heidi Kongshaug and Frank Nilsen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:2
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Section Calochroi is one of the most species-rich lineages in the genus Cortinarius (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) and is widely distributed across boreo-nemoral areas, with some extensions into meridional zones. Pr...

    Authors: Sigisfredo Garnica, Michael Weiß, Bernhard Oertel, Joseph Ammirati and Franz Oberwinkler
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:1
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The metazoan taxon Syndermata comprising Rotifera (in the classical sense of Monogononta+Bdelloidea+Seisonidea) and Acanthocephala has raised several hypotheses connected to the phylogeny of these animal group...

    Authors: Alexander Witek, Holger Herlyn, Achim Meyer, Louis Boell, Gregor Bucher and Thomas Hankeln
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:345
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Differences in plant annual/perennial habit are hypothesized to cause a generation time effect on divergence rates. Previous studies that compared rates of divergence for internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS

    Authors: David F Soria-Hernanz, Omar Fiz-Palacios, John M Braverman and Matthew B Hamilton
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:344
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii grows into a multicellular mycelium that is distinct from the unicellular morphology of its closely related yeast species. It has been proposed that genes important for cell...

    Authors: Huifeng Jiang, Yue Zhang, Jun Sun, Wen Wang and Zhenglong Gu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:343
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. The high polymorphism rate in the human ABO blood group gene seems to be related to susceptibility to different pathogens. It has been estimated that all genetic variation underlying the human ABO alleles appe...

    Authors: Carles Lalueza-Fox, Elena Gigli, Marco de la Rasilla, Javier Fortea, Antonio Rosas, Jaume Bertranpetit and Johannes Krause
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:342
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Genetic breaks separating regional lineages of marine organisms with potentially high broadcasting abilities are generally attributed either to dispersal barriers such as currents or upwelling, or to behaviour...

    Authors: Peter R Teske, Isabelle Papadopoulos, Brent K Newman, Peter C Dworschak, Christopher D McQuaid and Nigel P Barker
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:341
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Mesoamerica is one of the world's most complex biogeographical regions, mostly due to its complex geological history. This complexity has led to interesting biogeographical processes that have resulted in the ...

    Authors: Claudia Patricia Ornelas-García, Omar Domínguez-Domínguez and Ignacio Doadrio
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:340
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Present day distributions of Palearctic taxa in northern latitudes mainly result from populations having survived in local patches during the Late Pleistocene and/or from recolonizing populations from southern...

    Authors: Aude Vialatte, Annie Guiller, Alain Bellido and Luc Madec
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:339
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Animals can gain protection against predators and parasites by living in groups. The encounter-dilution effect provides protection when the probability of detection of a group does not increase in proportion t...

    Authors: Frédéric B Muratori, David Damiens, Thierry Hance and Guy Boivin
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:338
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Thanks to recent high coverage mass-spectrometry studies and reconstructed protein complexes, we are now in an unprecedented position to study the evolution of biological systems. Gene duplications, known to b...

    Authors: Radek Szklarczyk, Martijn A Huynen and Berend Snel
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:337
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Based on the observation of an increased number of paralogous genes in teleost fishes compared with other vertebrates and on the conserved synteny between duplicated copies, it has been shown that a whole geno...

    Authors: Véronique Douard, Frédéric Brunet, Bastien Boussau, Isabelle Ahrens-Fath, Virginie Vlaeminck-Guillem, Bernard Haendler, Vincent Laudet and Yann Guiguen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:336
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Viruses that have spent most of their evolutionary time associated with a single host lineage should have sequences that reflect codivergence of virus and host. Several examples for RNA viruses of host-virus t...

    Authors: Beilei Wu, Ulrich Melcher, Xingyi Guo, Xifeng Wang, Longjiang Fan and Guanghe Zhou
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:335
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Adaptive protein evolution is common in several Drosophila species investigated. Some studies point to very weak selection operating on amino-acid mutations, with average selection intensities on the order of Nes

    Authors: Doris Bachtrog
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:334
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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