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  1. In the Duplication-Degeneration-Complementation (DDC) model, subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization have been proposed as important processes driving the retention of duplicated genes in the genome. The...

    Authors: Santhosh Karanth, Santosh P Lall, Eileen M Denovan-Wright and Jonathan M Wright
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:219
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. We have previously combined statistical alignment and phylogenetic footprinting to detect conserved functional elements without assuming a fixed alignment. Considering a probability-weighted distribution of al...

    Authors: Rahul Satija, Ádám Novák, István Miklós, Rune Lyngsø and Jotun Hein
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:217
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  3. Gene trees that arise in the context of reconstructing the evolutionary history of polyploid species are often multiply-labeled, that is, the same leaf label can occur several times in a single tree. This prop...

    Authors: Martin Lott, Andreas Spillner, Katharina T Huber, Anna Petri, Bengt Oxelman and Vincent Moulton
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:216
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are products of heat shock response and of other stress responses, and ubiquitous in all three domains of life, archaea, bacteria, and eukarya. They mainly function as molecul...

    Authors: Zi-Wen Li, Xue Li, Quan-You Yu, Zhong-Huai Xiang, Hirohisa Kishino and Ze Zhang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:215
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Correction to Wu DD, Irwin DM, Zhang YP: Molecular evolution of the keratin associated protein gene family in mammals, role in the evolution of mammalian hair. BMC Evol Biol 2008, 8:241.

    Authors: Dong-Dong Wu, David M Irwin and Ya-Ping Zhang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:213
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:241

  7. Nematodes are putatively the most species-rich animal phylum. They have various life styles and occur in a variety of habitats, ranging from free-living nematodes in aquatic or terrestrial environments to para...

    Authors: Werner E Mayer, Matthias Herrmann and Ralf J Sommer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:212
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Well preserved genomic colinearity among agronomically important grass species such as rice, maize, Sorghum, wheat and barley provides access to whole-genome structure information even in species lacking a ref...

    Authors: Thomas Thiel, Andreas Graner, Robbie Waugh, Ivo Grosse, Timothy J Close and Nils Stein
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:209
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Intron gains reportedly are very rare during evolution of vertebrates, and the mechanisms underlying their creation are largely unknown. Previous investigations have shown that, during metazoan radiation, the ...

    Authors: Hermann Ragg, Abhishek Kumar, Katharina Köster, Caterina Bentele, Yunjie Wang, Marc-André Frese, Natalie Prib and Olaf Krüger
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:208
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. GATA transcription factors influence many developmental processes, including the specification of embryonic germ layers. The GATA gene family has significantly expanded in many animal lineages: whereas diverse...

    Authors: William Q Gillis, John St John, Bruce Bowerman and Stephan Q Schneider
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:207
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Analysis of molecular evolutionary patterns of different genes within metabolic pathways allows us to determine whether these genes are subject to equivalent evolutionary forces and how natural selection shape...

    Authors: Yan-hua Yang, Fu-min Zhang and Song Ge
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:206
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Roo is the most abundant retrotransposon in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Its evolutionary origins and dynamics are thus of special interest for understanding the evolutionary history of Drosophila genom...

    Authors: Nicole de la Chaux and Andreas Wagner
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:205
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. The mass extirpation of the island of Moorea's endemic partulid tree snail fauna, following the deliberate introduction of the alien predator Euglandina rosea, represents one of the highest profile conservation c...

    Authors: Taehwan Lee, John B Burch, Trevor Coote, Paul Pearce-Kelly, Carole Hickman, Jean-Yves Meyer and Diarmaid Ó Foighil
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:204
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. RNA editing in chloroplasts of angiosperms proceeds by C-to-U conversions at specific sites. Nuclear-encoded factors are required for the recognition of cis-elements located immediately upstream of editing sites....

    Authors: Michael Tillich, Vinh Le Sy, Katrin Schulerowitz, Arndt von Haeseler, Uwe G Maier and Christian Schmitz-Linneweber
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:201
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Correction to Shavit Grievink L, Penny D, Hendy MD, Holland BR: LineageSpecificSeqgen: generating sequence data with lineage-specific variation in the proportion of variable sites. BMC Evol Biol 2008, 8(1):317.

    Authors: Liat Shavit Grievink, David Penny, Mike D Hendy and Barbara R Holland
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:200
    Content type: Erratum Published on:

    The original article was published in BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:317

  21. We previously found the first examples of splicing of archaeal pre-mRNAs for homologs of the eukaryotic CBF5 protein (also known as dyskerin in humans) in Aeropyrum pernix, Sulfolobus solfataricus, S. tokodaii, a...

    Authors: Shin-ichi Yokobori, Takashi Itoh, Shigeo Yoshinari, Norimichi Nomura, Yoshihiko Sako, Akihiko Yamagishi, Tairo Oshima, Kiyoshi Kita and Yoh-ichi Watanabe
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:198
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. Eukaryotic genes with cyanobacterial ancestry in plastid-lacking protists have been regarded as important evolutionary markers implicating the presence of plastids in the early evolution of eukaryotes. Althoug...

    Authors: Shinichiro Maruyama, Motomichi Matsuzaki, Kazuharu Misawa and Hisayoshi Nozaki
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:197
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. In the past decade, the availability of complete genome sequence data has greatly facilitated comparative genomic research aimed at addressing genetic variability within species. More recently, analysis across...

    Authors: Frédéric Veyrier, Daniel Pletzer, Christine Turenne and Marcel A Behr
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:196
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. One of the main explanations for the stunning diversity of teleost fishes (~29,000 species, nearly half of all vertebrates) is that a fish-specific whole-genome duplication event (FSGD) in the ancestor to tele...

    Authors: Francesco Santini, Luke J Harmon, Giorgio Carnevale and Michael E Alfaro
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:194
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. A prerequisite for a duplication to spread through and persist in a given population is retaining expression of both gene copies. Yet changing a gene's dosage is frequently detrimental to fitness. Consequently...

    Authors: Tobias Warnecke, Guang-Zhong Wang, Martin J Lercher and Laurence D Hurst
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:193
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Phylogenies reconstructed with only one or a few independently inherited loci may be unresolved or incongruent due to taxon and gene sampling, horizontal gene transfer, or differential selection and lineage so...

    Authors: Flor Rodriguez, Feinan Wu, Cécile Ané, Steve Tanksley and David M Spooner
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:191
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Sexual selection theory predicts that males are limited in their reproductive success by access to mates, whereas females are more limited by resources. In animal-pollinated plants, attraction of pollinators a...

    Authors: Marc O Waelti, Paul A Page, Alex Widmer and Florian P Schiestl
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:190
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. Annelida is one of the major protostome phyla, whose deep phylogeny is very poorly understood. Recent molecular phylogenies show that Annelida may include groups once considered separate phyla (Pogonophora, Ec...

    Authors: Jan Zrzavý, Pavel Říha, Lubomír Piálek and Jan Janouškovec
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:189
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. KCNE1 represents the regulatory beta-subunit of the slowly activating delayed rectifier potassium channel (IKs). Variants of KCNE1 have repeatedly been linked to the long-QT syndrome (LQTS), a disorder which p...

    Authors: Holger Herlyn, Ulrich Zechner, Franz Oswald, Arne Pfeufer, Hans Zischler and Thomas Haaf
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:188
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Tunicates have been recently revealed to be the closest living relatives of vertebrates. Yet, with more than 2500 described species, details of their evolutionary history are still obscure. From a molecular po...

    Authors: Georgia Tsagkogeorga, Xavier Turon, Russell R Hopcroft, Marie-Ka Tilak, Tamar Feldstein, Noa Shenkar, Yossi Loya, Dorothée Huchon, Emmanuel JP Douzery and Frédéric Delsuc
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:187
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. For decades cichlid fishes (Perciformes: Cichlidae) of the East African cichlid radiations (Teleostei: Cichlidae) have served as natural experimental subjects for the study of speciation processes and the sear...

    Authors: Julia Schwarzer, Bernhard Misof, Diethard Tautz and Ulrich K Schliewen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:186
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. Bacteria of the genus Wolbachia are reproductive parasites widespread among arthropods. The most common effect arising from the presence of Wolbachia in a population is Cytoplasmic Incompatibility (CI), whereby p...

    Authors: Antoine Branca, Fabrice Vavre, Jean-François Silvain and Stéphane Dupas
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:185
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. HIV-1 viruses are highly capable of mutating their proteins to escape the presentation of CTL epitopes in their current host. Upon transmission to another host, some escape mutations revert, but other remain s...

    Authors: Boris V Schmid, Can Keşmir and Rob J de Boer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:184
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. The ubiquitous LysM motif recognizes peptidoglycan, chitooligosaccharides (chitin) and, presumably, other structurally-related oligosaccharides. LysM-containing proteins were first shown to be involved in bact...

    Authors: Xue-Cheng Zhang, Steven B Cannon and Gary Stacey
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:183
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Ecological specialization is pervasive in phytophagous arthropods. In such specialization mode, limits to host range are imposed by trade-offs preventing adaptation to several hosts. The occurrence of such tra...

    Authors: Sara Magalhães, Elodie Blanchet, Martijn Egas and Isabelle Olivieri
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:182
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. The origin and prevalence of the prehispanic settlers of the Canary Islands has attracted great multidisciplinary interest. However, direct ancient DNA genetic studies on indigenous and historical 17th–18th centu...

    Authors: Rosa Fregel, Verónica Gomes, Leonor Gusmão, Ana M González, Vicente M Cabrera, António Amorim and Jose M Larruga
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:181
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. In gnathostomes, chemosensory receptors (CR) expressed in olfactory epithelia are encoded by evolutionarily dynamic gene families encoding odorant receptors (OR), trace amine-associated receptors (TAAR), V1Rs ...

    Authors: Scot Libants, Kevin Carr, Hong Wu, John H Teeter, Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson, Ziping Zhang, Curt Wilkerson and Weiming Li
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:180
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. The coral skeleton consists of CaCO3 deposited upon an organic matrix primarily as aragonite. Currently galaxin, from Galaxea fascicularis, is the only soluble protein component of the organic matrix that has bee...

    Authors: Alejandro Reyes-Bermudez, Zhiyi Lin, David C Hayward, David J Miller and Eldon E Ball
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:178
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Understanding the mechanisms that control species genetic structure has always been a major objective in evolutionary studies. The association between genetic structure and species attributes has received spec...

    Authors: Jérôme Duminil, Olivier J Hardy and Rémy J Petit
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:177
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Hybrid zones represent valuable opportunities to observe evolution in systems that are unusually dynamic and where the potential for the origin of novelty and rapid adaptation co-occur with the potential for d...

    Authors: Benjamin M Fitzpatrick, Jarrett R Johnson, D Kevin Kump, H Bradley Shaffer, Jeramiah J Smith and S Randal Voss
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:176
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Several studies have shown that genomes contain a mixture of transposable elements, some of which are still active and others ancient relics that have degenerated. This is true for the non-LTR retrotransposon Hel...

    Authors: Adriana Granzotto, Fabrício R Lopes, Emmanuelle Lerat, Cristina Vieira and Claudia MA Carareto
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:174
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. An early dispersal of biologically and behaviorally modern humans from their African origins to Australia, by at least 45 thousand years via southern Asia has been suggested by studies based on morphology, arc...

    Authors: Satish Kumar, Rajasekhara Reddy Ravuri, Padmaja Koneru, BP Urade, BN Sarkar, A Chandrasekar and VR Rao
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:173
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Prolactin receptor (PRLR) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) belong to the large superfamily of class 1 cytokine receptors. Both of them have been identified as candidate genes affecting key quantitative traits...

    Authors: Terhi Iso-Touru, Juha Kantanen, Meng-Hua Li, Zygmunt Gizejewski and Johanna Vilkki
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:172
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing increasingly results in the recognition of genetically divergent, but morphologically cryptic lineages. Species delimitation approaches that rely on multiple lines of evidence in a...

    Authors: Aline Dépraz, Jacques Hausser and Markus Pfenninger
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:171
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Members of the Ribonuclease (RNase) T2 family are common models for enzymological studies, and their evolution has been well characterized in plants. This family of acidic RNases is widespread, with members in...

    Authors: Melissa S Hillwig, Ludmila Rizhsky, Ying Wang, Alisa Umanskaya, Jeffrey J Essner and Gustavo C MacIntosh
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:170
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. New Zealand's lesser short-tailed bat Mystacina tuberculata is one of only two of c.1100 extant bat species to use a true walking gait when manoeuvring on the ground (the other being the American common vampire b...

    Authors: Suzanne J Hand, Vera Weisbecker, Robin MD Beck, Michael Archer, Henk Godthelp, Alan JD Tennyson and Trevor H Worthy
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009 9:169
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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