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  1. Through next-generation sequencing, the amount of sequence data potentially available for phylogenetic analyses has increased exponentially in recent years. Simultaneously, the risk of incorporating ‘noisy’ da...

    Authors: Matthew Parks, Richard Cronn and Aaron Liston
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:100
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. The study of biological networks and how they have evolved is fundamental to our understanding of the cell. By investigating how proteins of different ages are connected in the protein interaction network, one...

    Authors: Like Fokkens, Paulien Hogeweg and Berend Snel
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:99
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Asparagine N-Glycosylation is one of the most important forms of protein post-translational modification in eukaryotes. This metabolic pathway can be subdivided into two parts: an upstream sub-pathway required...

    Authors: Giovanni Marco Dall’Olio, Hafid Laayouni, Pierre Luisi, Martin Sikora, Ludovica Montanucci and Jaume Bertranpetit
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:98
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The Chilean shoreline, a nearly strait line of coast expanding across 35 latitudinal degrees, represents an interesting region to assess historical processes using phylogeographic analyses. Stretching along th...

    Authors: Alejandro Montecinos, Bernardo R Broitman, Sylvain Faugeron, Pilar A Haye, Florence Tellier and Marie-Laure Guillemin
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:97
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Introgression likely plays a significant role in evolution, but understanding the extent and consequences of this process requires a clear identification of species boundaries in each focal group. The delimita...

    Authors: Stuart C Willis, Jason Macrander, Izeni P Farias and Guillermo Ortí
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:96
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Antagonistic species interactions can lead to coevolutionary genotype or phenotype frequency oscillations, with important implications for ecological and evolutionary processes. However, direct empirical evide...

    Authors: Rafal Mostowy, Jan Engelstädter and Marcel Salathé
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:93
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. As one of the most important but seriously endangered wild relatives of the cultivated tea, Camellia taliensis harbors valuable gene resources for tea tree improvement in the future. The knowledge of genetic vari...

    Authors: Yang Liu, Shi-xiong Yang, Peng-zhang Ji and Li-zhi Gao
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:92
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Double-stranded (ds) RNA fungal viruses are typically isometric single-shelled particles that are classified into three families, Totiviridae, Partitiviridae and Chrysoviridae, the members of which possess monopa...

    Authors: Huiquan Liu, Yanping Fu, Jiatao Xie, Jiasen Cheng, Said A Ghabrial, Guoqing Li, Youliang Peng, Xianhong Yi and Daohong Jiang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:91
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Polyamine oxidase enzymes catalyze the oxidation of polyamines and acetylpolyamines. Since polyamines are basic regulators of cell growth and proliferation, their homeostasis is crucial for cell life. Members ...

    Authors: Fabio Polticelli, Daniele Salvi, Paolo Mariottini, Roberto Amendola and Manuela Cervelli
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:90
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. Female signals of fertility have evolved in diverse taxa. Among the most interesting study systems are those of multimale multifemale group-living primates, where females signal fertility to males through mult...

    Authors: James P Higham, Michael Heistermann, Carina Saggau, Muhammad Agil, Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah and Antje Engelhardt
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Development of phylogenetic methods that do not rely on fossils for the study of evolutionary processes through time have revolutionized the field of evolutionary biology and resulted in an unprecedented expan...

    Authors: Pierre-Henri Fabre, Lionel Hautier, Dimitar Dimitrov and Emmanuel J P Douzery
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Gene presence/absence (P/A) polymorphisms are commonly observed in plants and are important in individual adaptation and species differentiation. Detecting their abundance, distribution and variation among ind...

    Authors: Shengjun Tan, Yan Zhong, Huan Hou, Sihai Yang and Dacheng Tian
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:86
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has greatly impacted the genealogical history of many lineages, particularly for prokaryotes, with genes frequently moving in and out of a line of descent. Many genes that were a...

    Authors: Cheryl P Andam, Timothy J Harlow, R Thane Papke and J Peter Gogarten
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Patterns of genetic divergence between populations of facultative metallophytes have been investigated extensively. However, most previous investigations have focused on a single plant species making it unclea...

    Authors: M Ye, B Liao, JT Li, A Mengoni, M Hu, WC Luo and WS Shu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:84
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is traditionally considered to be rare in multicellular eukaryotes such as animals. Recently, many genes of miscellaneous algal origins were discovered in choanoflagellates. Cons...

    Authors: Ting Ni, Jipei Yue, Guiling Sun, Yong Zou, Jianfan Wen and Jinling Huang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:83
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. The temporal and geographical diversification of Neotropical insects remains poorly understood because of the complex changes in geological and climatic conditions that occurred during the Cenozoic. To better ...

    Authors: Fabien L Condamine, Karina L Silva-Brandão, Gael J Kergoat and Felix AH Sperling
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:82
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. The nuclear receptors (NRs) are an important class of transcription factors that are conserved across animal phyla. Canonical NRs consist of a DNA-binding domain (DBD) and ligand-binding domain (LBD). While mo...

    Authors: Katherine P Weber, Christopher G Alvaro, G Michael Baer, Kristy Reinert, Genevieve Cheng, Sheila Clever and Bruce Wightman
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:81
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The marsupial early lactation protein (ELP) gene is expressed in the mammary gland and the protein is secreted into milk during early lactation (Phase 2A). Mature ELP shares approximately 55.4% similarity with th...

    Authors: Elizabeth A Pharo, Alison A De Leo, Marilyn B Renfree, Peter C Thomson, Christophe M Lefèvre and Kevin R Nicholas
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:80
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. Factors promoting the emergence of sharp phylogeographic breaks include restricted dispersal, habitat discontinuity, physical barriers, disruptive selection, mating incompatibility, genetic surfing and seconda...

    Authors: João Neiva, Gareth A Pearson, Myriam Valero and Ester A Serrão
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. The unbranched filamentous green alga Spirogyra (Streptophyta, Zygnemataceae) is easily recognizable based on its vegetative morphology, which shows one to several spiral chloroplasts. This simple structure false...

    Authors: Charlotte Chen, Michael HJ Barfuss, Thomas Pröschold and Michael Schagerl
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. Powdery mildew, caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis, is a major problem in cereal production as it can reduce quality and yield. B. graminis has evolved eight distinct formae speciales (f.s...

    Authors: Veronique Troch, Kris Audenaert, Boris Bekaert, Monica Höfte and Geert Haesaert
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:76
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Despite recent progress in studies of the evolution of protein function, the questions what were the first functional protein domains and what were their basic building blocks remain unresolved. Previously, we...

    Authors: Alexander Goncearenco and Igor N Berezovsky
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. The literature is ripe with phylogenetic estimates of nucleotide substitution rates, especially of measurably evolving species such as RNA viruses. However, it is not known how robust these rate estimates are ...

    Authors: Allison L Hicks and Siobain Duffy
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:74
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Crows and ravens (Passeriformes: Corvus) are large-brained birds with enhanced cognitive abilities relative to other birds. They are among the few non-hominid organisms on Earth to be considered intelligent and w...

    Authors: Knud A Jønsson, Pierre-Henri Fabre and Martin Irestedt
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. The APOBEC3 (A3) genes play a key role in innate antiviral defense in mammals by introducing directed mutations in the DNA. The human genome encodes for seven A3 genes, with multiple splice alternatives. Diffe...

    Authors: Carsten Münk, Anouk Willemsen and Ignacio G Bravo
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Recent genomic studies have drastically altered our knowledge of polyploid evolution. Wild potatoes (Solanum section Petota) are a highly diverse and economically important group of about 100 species widely distr...

    Authors: Danying Cai, Flor Rodríguez, Yuanwen Teng, Cécile Ané, Meredith Bonierbale, Lukas A Mueller and David M Spooner
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:70
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. RNA viruses including arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) exist as highly genetically diverse mutant swarms within individual hosts. A more complete understanding of the phenotypic correlates of these divers...

    Authors: Alexander T Ciota, Dylan J Ehrbar, Greta A Van Slyke, Graham G Willsey and Laura D Kramer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. In a number of organisms sex-biased genes are non-randomly distributed between autosomes and the shared sex chromosome X (or Z). Studies on Anopheles gambiae have produced conflicting results regarding the underr...

    Authors: Kalle Magnusson, Gareth J Lycett, Antonio M Mendes, Amy Lynd, Philippos-Aris Papathanos, Andrea Crisanti and Nikolai Windbichler
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The critical role of Major Histocompatibility Complex (Mhc) genes in disease resistance and their highly polymorphic nature make them exceptional candidates for studies investigating genetic effects on survival, ...

    Authors: Irem Sepil, Hooman K Moghadam, Elise Huchard and Ben C Sheldon
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:68
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. To conserve critically endangered predators, we also need to conserve the prey species upon which they depend. Velvet geckos (Oedura lesueurii) are a primary prey for the endangered broad-headed snake (Hoplocepha...

    Authors: Sylvain Dubey, Benjamin Croak, David Pike, Jonathan Webb and Richard Shine
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  36. Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are required for numerous RNA processing events in plant organelles including C-to-U editing, splicing, stabilization, and cleavage. Fifteen PPR proteins are known to be...

    Authors: Michael L Hayes, Karolyn Giang and R Michael Mulligan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. Rates of recombination vary by three orders of magnitude in bacteria but the reasons for this variation is unclear. We performed a genome-wide study of recombination rate variation among genes in the intracell...

    Authors: Lionel Guy, Björn Nystedt, Yu Sun, Kristina Näslund, Eva C Berglund and Siv GE Andersson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:65
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. The benzoxazinoids 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA) and 2,4-dihydroxy-7- methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA), are key defense compounds present in major agricultural crops such as maize and wheat. ...

    Authors: Leslie Dutartre, Frédérique Hilliou and René Feyereisen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:64
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Understanding which parts of the genome have been most influenced by adaptive evolution remains an unsolved puzzle. Some evidence suggests that selection has the greatest impact on regions of the genome that i...

    Authors: Seanna J McTaggart, Darren J Obbard, Claire Conlon and Tom J Little
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Uncoupling proteins (UCP) are evolutionary conserved mitochondrial carriers that control energy metabolism and therefore play important roles in several physiological processes such as thermogenesis, regulatio...

    Authors: Mbaye Tine, Heiner Kuhl, Martin Jastroch and Richard Reinhardt
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:62
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Anguillicolidae Yamaguti, 1935 is a family of parasitic nematode infecting fresh-water eels of the genus Anguilla, comprising five species in the genera Anguillicola and Anguillicoloides. Anguillicoloides crassus

    Authors: Dominik R Laetsch, Emanuel G Heitlinger, Horst Taraschewski, Steven A Nadler and Mark L Blaxter
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. The pore-forming protein perforin is central to the granule-exocytosis pathway used by cytotoxic lymphocytes to kill abnormal cells. Although this mechanism of killing is conserved in bony vertebrates, cytotox...

    Authors: Michael E D’Angelo, Michelle A Dunstone, James C Whisstock, Joseph A Trapani and Phillip I Bird
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:59
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. The fish family Haemulidae is divided in two subfamilies, Haemulinae and Plectorhynchinae (sweetlips), including approximately 17 genera and 145 species. The family has a broad geographic distribution that enc...

    Authors: José Julián Tavera, Arturo Acero P, Eduardo F Balart and Giacomo Bernardi
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Recent studies highlighted the role of Pleistocene climatic cycles in polyploid speciation and of southern Alpine refugia as reservoirs of diversity during glacial maxima. The polyploid Primula marginata, endemic...

    Authors: Gabriele Casazza, Laura Granato, Luigi Minuto and Elena Conti
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:56
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. One way of creating phenotypic diversity is through alternative splicing of precursor mRNAs. A gene that has evolved a hypervariable form is Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam-hv), which in Drosophila me...

    Authors: Sophie AO Armitage, Rebecca Y Freiburg, Joachim Kurtz and Ignacio G Bravo
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form obligate symbioses with the vast majority of land plants, and AMF distribution patterns have received increasing attention from researchers. At the local scale, the ...

    Authors: Haishui Yang, Yanyan Zang, Yongge Yuan, Jianjun Tang and Xin Chen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:50
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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