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  2. Obligate parthenogenesis is relatively rare in animals. Still, in some groups it is quite common and has evolved and persisted multiple times. These groups may provide important clues to help solve the ‘parado...

    Authors: Jelmer A Elzinga, Jukka Jokela and Lisa NS Shama
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:90
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. Gammarus minus, a freshwater amphipod living in the cave and surface streams in the eastern USA, is a premier candidate for studying the evolution of troglomorphic traits such as pigmentation loss, elongated appe...

    Authors: David B Carlini, Suma Satish and Daniel W Fong
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:89
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. Strongylocentrotid sea urchins have a long tradition as model organisms for studying many fundamental processes in biology including fertilization, embryology, development and genome regulation but the phyloge...

    Authors: Kord M Kober and Giacomo Bernardi
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:88
    Content type: Research article Published on:

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Evolutionary Biology 2017 17:50

  5. The Ran GTPase Activating Protein 2 (RanGAP2) was first described as a regulator of mitosis and nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. It was then found to interact with the Coiled-Coil domain of the Rx and GPA2 resis...

    Authors: Jean Carpentier, Eric Grenier, Magalie Esquibet, Louis-Philippe Hamel, Peter Moffett, Maria J Manzanares-Dauleux and Marie-Claire Kerlan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:87
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. Many important toxins and antibiotics are produced by non-ribosomal biosynthetic pathways. Microcystins are a chemically diverse family of potent peptide toxins and the end-products of a hybrid NRPS and PKS se...

    Authors: Tânia Keiko Shishido, Ulla Kaasalainen, David P Fewer, Leo Rouhiainen, Jouni Jokela, Matti Wahlsten, Marli Fátima Fiore, João Sarkis Yunes, Jouko Rikkinen and Kaarina Sivonen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:86
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. The ability to produce physiologically critical LC-PUFA from dietary fatty acids differs greatly among teleost species, and is dependent on the possession and expression of fatty acyl desaturase and elongase g...

    Authors: Greta Carmona-Antoñanzas, Douglas R Tocher, John B Taggart and Michael J Leaver
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:85
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Cymbidium orchids, including some 50 species, are the famous flowers, and they possess high commercial value in the floricultural industry. Furthermore, the values of different orchids are great differences. Howe...

    Authors: Jun-Bo Yang, Min Tang, Hong-Tao Li, Zhi-Rong Zhang and De-Zhu Li
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:84
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Mitochondrial genes are among the most commonly used markers in studies of species’ phylogeography and to draw conclusions about taxonomy. The Hyles euphorbiae complex (HEC) comprises six distinct mitochondrial l...

    Authors: Michael B Mende and Anna K Hundsdoerfer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:83
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Gibbons (Hylobatidae) are the most diverse group of living apes. They exist as geographically-contiguous species which diverged more rapidly than did their close relatives, the great apes (Hominidae). Of the f...

    Authors: Yi-Chiao Chan, Christian Roos, Miho Inoue-Murayama, Eiji Inoue, Chih-Chin Shih, Kurtis Jai-Chyi Pei and Linda Vigilant
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:82
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. Laboratory studies show that the components of sexual selection (e.g., mate choice and intrasexual competition) can profoundly affect the development and fitness of offspring. Less is known, however, about the...

    Authors: Adam C Nelson, Kevin E Colson, Steve Harmon and Wayne K Potts
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:81
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. New powerful biogeographic methods have focused attention on long-standing hypotheses regarding the influence of the break-up of Gondwana on the biogeography of Southern Hemisphere plant groups. Studies to dat...

    Authors: Jeremy M Beaulieu, David C Tank and Michael J Donoghue
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:80
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Anguillicola crassus, a swim bladder nematode naturally parasitizing the Japanese eel, was introduced about 30 years ago from East Asia into Europe where it colonized almost all populations of the European eel. W...

    Authors: Urszula Weclawski, Emanuel G Heitlinger, Tobias Baust, Bernhard Klar, Trevor Petney, Yu San Han and Horst Taraschewski
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Early evolutionary theories of aging predict that populations which experience low extrinsic mortality evolve a retarded onset of senescence. Experimental support for this theory in vertebrates is scarce, in p...

    Authors: Eva Terzibasi Tozzini, Alexander Dorn, Enoch Ng’oma, Matej Polačik, Radim Blažek, Kathrin Reichwald, Andreas Petzold, Brian Watters, Martin Reichard and Alessandro Cellerino
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. The Hippo pathway controls growth by mediating cell proliferation and apoptosis. Dysregulation of Hippo signaling causes abnormal proliferation in both healthy and cancerous cells. The Hippo pathway receives i...

    Authors: Henan Zhu, Ziwei Zhou, Daxi Wang, Wenyin Liu and Hao Zhu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:76
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. Many species exhibit geographic variation in sexual signals, and divergence in these traits may lead to speciation. Sexual signals may diverge due to differences in ecology if the environment constrains signal...

    Authors: Daniel T Baldassarre, Henri A Thomassen, Jordan Karubian and Michael S Webster
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  18. The diversification of organisms with a parasitic lifestyle is often tightly linked to the evolution of their host associations. If a tight host association exists, closely related species tend to attack close...

    Authors: Andreas Tschopp, Matthias Riedel, Christian Kropf, Wolfgang Nentwig and Seraina Klopfstein
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:74
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. The extant Gnetales include three monotypic families, namely, Ephedraceae (Ephedra), Gnetaceae (Gnetum), and Welwitschiaceae (Welwitschia), all of which possess compound female cones that comprise a main axis and...

    Authors: Yong Yang, Longbiao Lin and Qi Wang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. Virulence is often coupled with replicative fitness of viruses in vertebrate systems, yet the relationship between virulence and fitness of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) in invertebrates has not been e...

    Authors: Alexander T Ciota, Dylan J Ehrbar, Amy C Matacchiero, Greta A Van Slyke and Laura D Kramer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. The S-domain serine/threonine receptor-like kinases (SRLKs) comprise one of the largest and most rapidly expanding subfamilies in the plant receptor-like/Pelle kinase (RLKs) family. The founding member of this...

    Authors: Shilai Xing, Mengya Li and Pei Liu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. The relationships between North Atlantic and North Pacific faunas through times have been controlled by the variation of hydrographic circumstances in the intervening Arctic Ocean and Bering Strait. We address...

    Authors: Hanna M Laakkonen, Dmitry L Lajus, Petr Strelkov and Risto Väinölä
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Previously, we showed that adaptive substitutions in one of the three promoters of the bacteriophage ϕX174 improved fitness at high-temperature by decreasing transcript levels three- to four-fold. To understan...

    Authors: Celeste J Brown, Amber D Stancik, Pavitra Roychoudhury and Stephen M Krone
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  27. Many factors have been identified as correlates of the rate of molecular evolution, such as body size and generation length. Analysis of many molecular phylogenies has also revealed correlations between substi...

    Authors: David Duchene and Lindell Bromham
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:65
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  28. Adaptation, which induces differentiation between populations in relation to environmental conditions, can initiate divergence. The balance between gene flow and selection determines the maintenance of such a ...

    Authors: Thibault Leroy, Christophe Lemaire, Frank Dunemann and Bruno Le Cam
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:64
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. The Southeast Asian deletion (--SEA) is the most commonly observed mutation among diverse α-thalassemia alleles in Southeast Asia and South China. It is generally argued that mutation --SEA, like other variants c...

    Authors: Qin-Wei Qiu, Dong-Dong Wu, Li-Hua Yu, Ti-Zhen Yan, Wen Zhang, Zhe-Tao Li, Yan-Hui Liu, Ya-Ping Zhang and Xiang-Min Xu
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. The arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are a unique family of enzymes widely distributed in nature that play a crucial role in the detoxification of aromatic amine xenobiotics. Considering the temporal chan...

    Authors: Audrey Sabbagh, Julie Marin, Charlotte Veyssière, Emilie Lecompte, Sotiria Boukouvala, Estella S Poloni, Pierre Darlu and Brigitte Crouau-Roy
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:62
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. The editors of BMC Evolutionary Biology would like to thank all our reviewers who have contributed to the journal in Volume 12 (2012).

    Authors: Timothy R Sands
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:32
    Content type: Reviewer acknowledgement Published on:

  32. Acquisition of upright posture in evolution has been argued to facilitate manual laterality in primates. Owing to the high variety of postural habits marsupials can serve as a suitable model to test whether th...

    Authors: Andrey Giljov, Karina Karenina and Yegor Malashichev
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:61
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  33. Sirtuins genes are widely distributed by evolution and have been found in eubacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. While prokaryotic and archeal species usually have one or two sirtuin homologs, in humans as well a...

    Authors: Susan Costantini, Ankush Sharma, Raffaele Raucci, Maria Costantini, Ida Autiero and Giovanni Colonna
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. The Neotropics are exceptionally diverse, containing roughly one third of all extant bird species on Earth. This remarkable species richness is thought to be a consequence of processes associated with both And...

    Authors: Stephen C Lougheed, Leonardo Campagna, José A Dávila, Pablo L Tubaro, Darío A Lijtmaer and Paul Handford
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The current San and Khoe populations are remnant groups of a much larger and widely dispersed population of hunter-gatherers and pastoralists, who had exclusive occupation of southern Africa before the influx ...

    Authors: Carina M Schlebusch, Marlize Lombard and Himla Soodyall
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:56
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. Talpids include forms with different degree of fossoriality, with major specializations in the humerus in the case of the fully fossorial moles. We studied the humeral microanatomy of eleven extant and eight e...

    Authors: Patricia S Meier, Constanze Bickelmann, Torsten M Scheyer, Daisuke Koyabu and Marcelo R Sánchez-Villagra
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:55
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. The CRISPR/Cas system is known to act as an adaptive and heritable immune system in Eubacteria and Archaea. Immunity is encoded in an array of spacer sequences. Each spacer can provide specific immunity to inv...

    Authors: Anne Kupczok and Jonathan P Bollback
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:54
    Content type: Methodology article Published on:

  40. One of the most widely accepted ecomorphological relationships in vertebrates is the negative correlation between intestinal length and proportion of animal prey in diet. While many fish groups exhibit this ge...

    Authors: Aaron M Davis, Peter J Unmack, Bradley J Pusey, Richard G Pearson and David L Morgan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:53
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  41. Visual perception is initiated in the photoreceptor cells of the retina via the phototransduction system. This system has shown marked evolution during mammalian divergence in such complex attributes as activa...

    Authors: Brandon M Invergo, Ludovica Montanucci, Hafid Laayouni and Jaume Bertranpetit
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:52
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Beneficial mutations play an essential role in bacterial adaptation, yet little is known about their fitness effects across genetic backgrounds and environments. One prominent example of bacterial adaptation i...

    Authors: Alejandra Rodríguez-Verdugo, Brandon S Gaut and Olivier Tenaillon
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:50
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADP-Glc PPase) catalyzes the first committed step in the synthesis of glycogen in bacteria and starch in algae and plants. In oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, ADP-Glc PPase is ...

    Authors: Misty L Kuhn, Carlos M Figueroa, Alberto A Iglesias and Miguel A Ballicora
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:51
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Heat-shock proteins of the 70 kDa family (Hsp70s) are essential chaperones required for key cellular functions. In eukaryotes, four subfamilies can be distinguished according to their function and localisation...

    Authors: Sascha Krenek, Martin Schlegel and Thomas U Berendonk
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:49
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. Parasitic plants, represented by several thousand species of angiosperms, use modified structures known as haustoria to tap into photosynthetic host plants and extract nutrients and water. As a result of their...

    Authors: Yeting Zhang, Monica Fernandez-Aparicio, Eric K Wafula, Malay Das, Yuannian Jiao, Norman J Wickett, Loren A Honaas, Paula E Ralph, Martin F Wojciechowski, Michael P Timko, John I Yoder, James H Westwood and Claude W dePamphilis
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:48
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. Proteins are composed of a combination of discrete, well-defined, sequence domains, associated with specific functions that have arisen at different times during evolutionary history. The emergence of novel do...

    Authors: Macarena Toll-Riera and M Mar Albà
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:47
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. The importance of historical contingency in determining the potential of viral populations to evolve has been largely unappreciated. Identifying the constraints imposed by past adaptations is, however, of impo...

    Authors: Stéphanie Bedhomme, Guillaume Lafforgue and Santiago F Elena
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:46
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. The eyes of giant and colossal squid are among the largest eyes in the history of life. It was recently proposed that sperm whale predation is the main driver of eye size evolution in giant squid, on the basis...

    Authors: Lars Schmitz, Ryosuke Motani, Christopher E Oufiero, Christopher H Martin, Matthew D McGee, Ashlee R Gamarra, Johanna J Lee and Peter C Wainwright
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2013 13:45
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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