Fig. 3

Phylogenetic relationships of common buzzard MHC-I exon 3 and MHC-IIB exon 2 alleles across closely related Afroaves species. Approximately-maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees were created for a) 91 Buteo buteo alleles of MHC class I exon 3 and b) 41 Buteo buteo alleles of MHC class IIB exon 2. Scale bars indicate the number of substitutions per site. For clarity, triangles represent collapsed common buzzard clades with > 0.8 bootstrap support and red numbers in parentheses indicate number of sequences in each triangle. Full phylogenetic trees displaying all buzzard MHC-I exon 3 and MHC-IIB exon 2 sequences are provided as Additional file Figure S7 and S8, respectively. In a) the vertical red bar indicates the locus position that was fixed for the allele Bubute class I-N*01 exon 3. In b) the allele clade including alleles Bubute-DRB*13, 05, 29, 08, 06, and 16 was not collapsed to display the clustering of the alleles with a 3 bp deletion. c) The phylogenetic consensus tree of species included in the allele trees with the recorded maximum number of loci for MHC-I and MHC-II [data from 31, 62, 63, and the present study]. Species in the phylogenies are color-coded and include Haliaeetus albicilla, Gyps africanus, Aegypius monachus, Gypaetus barbatus, and Elanus caeruleus from the order Accipitriformes (osprey, kites, hawks, eagles), Vultur gryphus from the order Cathartiformes (New World vultures), Bubo bubo and Tyto alba from the order Strigiformes (owls and barn owls), and Gallus gallus as an outgroup from the order Galliformes (grouse, pheasants and partridges). Scale bar on the phylogenetic consensus tree indicates million years