Fig. 5
From: Dosage balance acts as a time-dependent selective barrier to subfunctionalization
A comparison of the effect that Ne has on the resulting percentage of gene pairs that have subfunctionalized after a whole-genome duplication event for the Subfunctionalization-Only Model and the Subfunctionalization + Dosage Model. The blue lines are the Subfunctionalization-Only Model and the orange lines are the Subfunctionalization + Dosage Model (a) Subfunctionalization-Only Model over 7000 generations for 3 different effective population sizes (Ne). Note that the percentage of subfunctionalized genes is the same at any given time because the effective population size does not affect the rate of subfunctionalization in this model. b Over 7000 generations for 3 different effective population sizes (Ne) for our Subfunctionalization + Dosage Model. Note that as the effective population size increases, so does the efficacy of selection, and that leads to the pattern where there is a longer delay for subfunctionalization to occur, but will ultimately lead to a higher percentage of subfunctionalized duplicate gene pairs. c Over 6000 generations comparing the Subfunctionalization-Only Model to our Subfunctionalization + Dosage Model with effective population sizes (Ne) = 1000. The red star represents where the two lines cross, prior to the star, Sub-Only Model has a higher percentage of gene pairs that are subfunctionalized, while after the star, our Sub + Dos model has a higher percentage of gene pairs that have been subfunctionalized. d Over 6000 generations comparing the Subfunctionalization-Only Model to our Subfunctionalization + Dosage Model with effective population sizes (Ne) = 100,000. The red star represents where the two lines cross, prior to the star, Sub-Only Model has a higher percentage of gene pairs that are subfunctionalized, while after the star, our Sub + Dos model has a higher percentage of gene pairs that have been subfunctionalized. e Over 5000 generations comparing the Subfunctionalization-Only Model to our Subfunctionalization + Dosage Model for two effective population sizes (Ne) = 1000 (lighter colored lines) and Ne = 100,000 (darker colored lines). For each Ne value, initially the Sub-Only model has a higher percentage of gene pairs that are subfunctionalized, but eventually our Sub + Dos Model has a higher percentage of gene pairs that have been subfunctionalized