Fig. 7

Summary of historical events in the past and main records of fossils from the common ancestor Pseudorhinolophus, Protorhinolophus and Vaylatsia in Asia and Africa (modified from Ravel et al. 2016), including of records of Rhinolophidae fossils in Australia, Japan and North Africa. Maps A–H showed paleogeographic maps redrawn from previous publications; a early Eocene maps showed a sea barrier between Africa and Eurasia, with India moving upward toward Asia (modified from [133]); b middle Eocene map indicates the appearance of ancestral Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae (modified from [140]; c Early Oligocene by the initial formation of Philippine Islands and Palawan which was still connected with Asia (modified from [102]); d early Miocene, the closure of Tethys Ocean and formation of Gomphoterium landbridge (modified from [140]); e–h the Cenozoic model per five million years in Southeast Asia with the formation of Indonesia, Wallacea, Papua and the Philippines (modified from [86, 141]. The red arrows indicate possible colonization direction and blue arrows indicate the movement direction of the landmass. Bats silhoutte images were downloaded from PhyloPic (http://phylopic.org/) CC-SA