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Table 3 Estimates for entrance, emergence and duration of the longest hibernation period for (A) Daubenton’s bat, and (B) Natterer’s bat

From: Long-term individualized monitoring of sympatric bat species reveals distinct species- and demographic differences in hibernation phenology

(A) Daubenton’s bat (number of observations: 1502 of 539 individuals)

Model

LHP entrance ~ sex + age + wp + (1 | transp)

LHP emergence ~ sex*age + wp + (1 | transp)

LHP duration ~ sex + age + wp + (1 | transp)

Fixed effects

Estimates (95% CI)

Intercept

101.2 (97.6;104.9)

253.2 (249.6;256.8)

152.5 (147.0;158.1)

Sex f (Ref = m)

 − 6.8 (− 9.3;− 4.3)

3.7 (1.2;6.2)

9.4 (5.7;13.1)

Age juv (Ref = ad)

16.8 (14.2;19.5)

− 2.2 (− 5.7;1.3)

− 22.2 (− 26.2;− 18.2)

wp 11/12 (Ref = 10/11)

− 2.2 (− 5.8;1.3)

2.6 (− 1.0;6.2)

4.9 (− 0.6;10.3)

wp 12/13 (Ref = 10/11)

− 1.4 (− 5.1;2.3)

4.7 (1.1;8.4)

6.1 (0.4;11.7)

wp 13/14 (Ref = 10/11)

− 7.4 (− 11.1;− 3.8)

3.5 (− 0.2;7.1)

10.9 (5.4;16.5)

wp 14/15 (Ref = 10/11)

− 4.5 (− 8.1;− 0.9)

2.1 (− 1.5;5.7)

6.5 (1.0;12.0)

wp 15/16 (Ref = 10/11)

− 6.9 (− 10.7;− 3.1)

1.4 (− 2.4;5.2)

8.18 (2.3;13.9)

wp 16/17 (Ref = 10/11)

− 17.5 (− 21.4;− 13.6)

7.8 (4.0;11.7)

25.1 (19.2;30.9)

Sex*age f.juv (Ref = m.ad)

 

− 6.3 (− 11.2;− 1.3)

 

Random intercept SD (95% CI)

11.5 (10.3;12.6)

10.4 (9.0;11.8),

16.8 (14.9;18.7)

Residual SD (95% CI)

13.5 (12.8;14.0)

13.6 (12.9;14.2)

20.7 (19.7;21.6)

Rad (95% CI)

0.42 (0.37;0.48)

0.37 (0.32;0.43)

0.40 (0.34;0.46)

(B) Natterer’s bat (number of observations: 1686 of 593 individuals)

Model

LHP entrance ~ sex * age + wp + (1 | transp)

LHP emergence ~ sex * age + wp + wp:sex + (1 | transp)

LHP duration ~ sex * age + wp + (1 | transp)

Fixed effects

Estimates (95% CI)

Intercept

164.4 (160.6;168.1)

226.1 (220.9;231.3)

64.7 (60.0;69.3)

Sex f (Ref = m)

− 17.1 (− 19.3;− 14.9)

13.9 (7.4;20.3)

26.8 (23.7;29.6)

Age juv (Ref = ad)

− 6.7 (− 9.3;− 4.0)

7.1 (4.7;9.6)

13.0 (9.8;16.2)

wp 11/12 (Ref = 10/11)

− 1.5 (− 5.2;2.3)

11.9 (6.6;17.2)

10.6 (6.1;15.1)

wp 12/13 (Ref = 10/11)

2.5 (− 1.2;6.2)

13.2 (7.9;18.5)

10.7 (6.2;15.1)

wp 13/14 (Ref = 10/11)

6.2 (2.6;9.9)

11.5 (6.2;16.8)

2.4 (− 2.0;6.9)

wp 14/15 (Ref = 10/11)

7.2 (3.5;10.9)

18.0 (12.6;23.4)

7.2 (2.7;11.7)

wp 15/16 (Ref = 10/11)

10.4 (6.6;14.2)

13.5 (8.0;19.1)

1.5 (− 3.2;6.1)

wp 16/17 (Ref = 10/11)

4.8 (1.0;8.6)

14.8 (9.3;20.2)

5.1 (1.2;10.5)

Sex*age f.juv (Ref = m.ad)

10.3 (6.3;14.3)

− 12.6 (− 16.3;− 8.8)

− 21.6 (− 26.5;− 16.8)

Sex*wp 11/12 (Ref = m.10/11)

 

− 4.2 (− 11.0;2.5)

 

Sex*wp 12/13 (Ref = m.10/11)

 

0.6 (− 6.1;7.3)

 

Sex*wp 13/14 (Ref = m.10/11)

 

− 4.0 (− 10.8;2.7)

 

Sex*wp 14/15 (Ref = m.10/11)

 

− 5.6 (− 12.4;1.1)

 

Sex*wp 15/16 (Ref = m.10/11)

 

− 1.8 (− 8.8;5.2)

 

Sex*wp 16/17 (Ref = m.10/11)

 

− 7.0 (− 13.9;− 0.01)

 

Random intercept SD (95% CI)

8.8 (7.8;9.9)

9.0 (8.1;9.9)

13.4 (12.1;14.7)

Residual SD (95% CI)

13.4 (12.9;14.0)

11.6 (11.1;12.0)

15.9 (15.2;16.5)

Rad (95% CI)

0.30 (0.25;0.36)

0.38 (0.33;0.44)

0.42 (0.37;0.48)

  1. For each species model results for the three variables (entrance, emergence, duration) are reported for the model with the best fixed effect structure (see Table 2; wp = winter period). A random intercept controls for repeated observations of the same individual across years (transponder = transp). Estimates were obtained by REML. Parentheses denote the 95% confidence interval (CI) of each estimate. For the fixed effects the reference levels (Ref) are mentioned in parentheses (f = female, m = male; ad = adult, juv = juvenile). For each model, the resulting intra-individual correlation values (Rad = adjusted repeatability) are given in the final row