Long-term individualized monitoring of sympatric bat species reveals distinct species- and demographic differences in hibernation phenology

Table 2 Top two models for entrance, emergence and duration of the longest hibernation period

Model	K	AIC	dAIC
Daubenton’s bat LHP entrance
Sex + age + winter period	11	12,633.31
Sex + age + winter period + interaction age-sex	12	12,635.15	1.85
Natterer’s bat LHP entrance
Sex + age + winter period + interaction age-sex	12	14,003.95
Sex + age + winter period	11	14,027.34	23.40
Daubenton’s bat LHP emergence
Sex + age + winter period + interaction age-sex	12	12,593.91
Sex + age + winter period + interaction age-sex + interaction sex-winter period	18	12,595.80	0.25
Natterer’s bat LHP emergence
Sex + age + winter period + interaction age-sex + interaction sex-winter period	18	13,614.58
Sex + age + winter period + interaction age-sex	12	13,619.49	4.90
Daubenton’s bat LHP duration
Sex + age + winter period + interaction age-sex	12	13,891.07
Sex + age + winter period	11	13,892.53	1.46
Natterer’s bat LHP duration
Sex + age + winter period + interaction age-sex	12	14,727.99
Sex + age + winter period	11	14,800.87	72.88

The best two models for Daubenton’s bats and Natterer’s bats shown here are based on model selection for the best fitted fixed effect structure. In all cases, best models (bold) were selected with regard to the effect of sex, age, winter period, and the interaction between age and sex, with individual ID included as a random effect. For the model of LHP emergence, the interaction between sex and winter period was additionally considered. Model selection was based on the AIC, and we used a threshold of dAIC of > 2 for a more complex model to be selected over a simpler one

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