Fig. 4
From: Development and selective grain make plasticity 'take the lead' in adaptive evolution
Side-effect phenotypic distributions are able to track shifting targets. These plots show how initially unstructured populations are able to adaptively evolve a specific target distribution (a single map with a defined slope of ST = 1, solid lines), which creates as a side-effect correlated phenotype distributions in the other maps (dashed lines). Notice that evolutionary time is plotted here in a Log(10) scale, so that adaptation to the target maps occurs actually very fast (i.e. in a few generations). The middle point corresponds to the steady-state situation shown in Fig. 3. For these plots, the target slope has been shifted to ST = −1 at generation t≈104, showing how the maps that evolve as a side-effect are able to “follow” the one that is being selected. This pattern is similar for every map considered. p = 64 individuals; fine-grained selection (identical selective grain for each map); n = 30 replicates, GRN + Multilinear model