Fig. 3

Reconstruction of history of M. murinus and M. ravelobensis using three complementary methods. The grey vertical bars identify three well-pronounced climatic events in Africa: LIG (Last Interglacial), LGM (Last Glacial Maximum) and AHP (African Humid Period). All analyses were performed considering 2.5 years as generation time and 1.2 × 10^–8 as mutation rate. a Demographic history inferred by the PSMC method using “4 + 25*2 + 4 + 6” free atomic time intervals. The thick lines represent the inferred mean trajectories for three populations, and each light line represents 100 subsampled bootstrap replicates for each individual. The humps observed in PSMC plots of the two mouse lemur species during the last 2–5 kyr seem to be a common artefact (e.g., see [6, 56]) and do not correspond to a real demographic event. Note that those humps are no longer present when we consider a different free atomic time interval (see Additional file 1: Fig. S6). b Reconstruction of the demographic history of M. murinus (N = 22) and M. ravelobensis (N = 55) using the Stairway Plot method, considering the two forest sites together. c and d PSMC plots estimated from the genomic data and IICR obtained from simulated data for both species assuming (i) a n-island model of migration; (ii) a constant population size over the time, (iii) the occurrence of five changes in population connectivity. The color code for the top horizontal bars summarizes the inferred changes in connectivity across time for each species. According to the simulation results, population connectivity changed in M. murinus at ~ 129.1 kyr (LIG), 42.7 kyr, 30.7 kyr, 13.7 kyr (onset of AHP) and 5.1 kyr (termination of AHP, Fig. 3c). Accordingly, population connectivity changed in M. ravelobensis at ~ 338.9 kyr, 135.6 kyr (LIG), 27.1 kyr, 20.1 kyr (LGM) and 7.9 kyr (Fig. 3d). RAV = Ravelobe; ANK = Ankomakoma