Fig. 3From: Phenology-dependent cold exposure and thermal performance of Ostrinia nubilalis ecotypesEstimated exposure of sensitive life stages to cold temperature extremes. Minimum daily temperatures reported from 1999 to 2010 for the predicted temporal niches of (a) bivoltine E and univoltine Z pupae (Wilcox Rank Sum, W = 141,100, p < 0.0001), and (b) first through fourth instar larvae of E (second-generation) and Z (Wilcox Rank Sum, W = 296,600, p < 0.0001)Back to article page