Table 4 Effects and log utility of models. Juvenile females, adult females, juvenile males and adult males for mass, total length and wing length explained by effects of wing length, total length, mass, length of 8th, 9th, 10th primaries
From: Body proportions for the facilitation of walking, running and flying: the case of partridges
| Â | Mass | Total length | Wing length | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Effects | Log Utility | Effects | Log Utility | Effects | Log Utility |
Juvenile female | Â | |||||
 Mass | – | – | 0.0001 | 26.5 | 0.0001 | 5.2 |
 Total length | 0.0001 | 26.5 | – | – | 0.028 | 1.6 |
 Wing length | 0.0001 | 5.2 | 0.03 | 1.6 | – | – |
 10 length | 0.31 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.53 | 0.3 |
 9 length | 0.27 | 0.6 | 0.08 | 1.1 | 0.0001 | 4.5 |
 8 length | 0.43 | 0.4 | 0.76 | 0.1 | 0.0001 | 26.2 |
Adult female | Â | |||||
 Mass | – | – | 0.0001 | 21.7 | 0.0001 | 6.5 |
 Total length | 0.0001 | 21.7 | – | – | 0.1 | 1.0 |
 Wing length | 0.0001 | 6.5 | 0.1 | 1.0 | – | – |
 10 length | 0.005 | 2.4 | 0.87 | 0.06 | 0.44 | 0.4 |
 9 length | 0.53 | 0.3 | 0.28 | 0.6 | 0.01 | 1.9 |
 8 length | 0.002 | 2.7 | 0.02 | 1.8 | 0.0001 | 10.0 |
Juvenile male | Â | |||||
 Mass | – | – | 0.0001 | 21.7 | 0.0001 | 15.3 |
 Total length | 0.0001 | 39.7 | – | – | 0.74 | 0.1 |
 Wing length | 0.0001 | 15.4 | 0.74 | 0.1 | – | – |
 10 length | 0.69 | 20.2 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.006 | 2.2 |
 9 length | 0.04 | 1.4 | 0.04 | 1.4 | 0.56 | 0.3 |
 8 length | 0.0001 | 6.5 | 0.02 | 1.8 | 0.0001 | 42.9 |
Adult male | Â | |||||
 Mass | – | – | 0.0001 | 52.1 | 0.0001 | 14.9 |
 Total length | 0.0001 | 52.1 | – | – | 0.43 | 0.4 |
 Wing length | 0.0001 | 14.9 | 0.43 | 0.4 | – | – |
 10 length | 0.30 | 0.5 | 0.49 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 1.0 |
 9 length | 0.25 | 0.6 | 0.03 | 1.6 | 0.03 | 1.6 |
 8 length | 0.0001 | 3.9 | 0.42 | 0.4 | 0.42 | 0.4 |