Fig. 4

Maximum parsimony tree obtained with PAUP software, using chromosome characters resulted from comparative mapping of the species here studied. Abbreviations are described in Table 1. Other symbols: “p” = short arm; “q” = long arm; “meta” = metacentric chromosome; “acro” = acrocentric chromosome; “/” = syntenic groups physically linked; “i” = inversion; “p + q” = part of short arm linked with part of the long arm. On the top are the subfamilies. Bold numbers (over the branches) are the bootstrap values for one thousand replicates. Ideograms: 1) into the box are the chromosomes of Phyllostomus hastatus, used as probes; each chromosome is represented by G-banding and a specific color. The numbering on all the figure are related to this species karyotype, the outgroup. 2) Below the tree is the proposed ancestral karyotype of Phyllostomidae [22]. 3) Below each branch are represented the chromosomes found on each species or group of species karyotypes which resulted from rearrangements and are relevant to the present analysis