Fig. 5
Minor ampullate silk fiber tensile properties differ among three cobweb weaving species. Boxplots show differences among L. hesperus (Lh), L. geometricus (Lg), and S. grossa (Sg) for a) strength (MANOVA, F2,147 = 8.9, p < 0.001); b) toughness (MANOVA, F2,147 = 6.8, p = 0.002); c) extensibility (MANOVA, F2,147 = 13.3, p < 0.001); and d) Young’s Modulus (MANOVA, F2,147 = 12.9, p < 0.001). Open circles are outliers that exceed the range of the interquartile distance by 1.5 times. Different letters (e.g. A vs B) above boxplots indicate significant pairwise differences according to Tukey’s Test using a harmonic mean sample size of 50 and α = 0.05