Table 2 Variance partitioning among and within sampling locations (AMOVA) of three springtail species (Ceratophysella denticulata, Folsomia quadrioculata and Isotomiella minor) sampled across Europe based on sequence variance of the mitochondrial COI gene, the nuclear H3 gene and a concatenated dataset of three genes (COI, H3 and 28S)

C. denticulata

d.f.

11

42

11

42

11

42

sum of squares

2,831.46

77.67

674.86

25.07

3,980.26

103.48

variance components

56.94 Va***

1.85 Vb***

13.54 Va***

0.60 Vb***

80.07 Va***

2.46 Vb***

% variation

96.85

3.15

95.78

4.22

97.01

2.99

fixiation indices

F. quadrioculata

d.f.

11

44

11

44

11

44

sum of squares

2,413.07

311.2

486.74

53.6

2,867.11

364.8

variance components

45.57 Va***

7.07 Vb***

9.24 Va***

1.22 Vb***

54.16 Va***

8.29 Vb***

% variation

86.57

13.43

88.35

11.65

86.72

13.28

fixiation indices

I. minor

d.f.

11

43

11

43

11

43

sum of squares

2,784.45

193.35

453.47

4.95

3,346.90

198.3

variance components

54.30 Va***

4.50 Vb***

8.98 Va***

0.12 Vb***

65.45 Va***

4.61 Vb***

% variation

92.35

7.65

98.73

1.27

93.42

6.58

fixiation indices