Long-term persisting hybrid swarm and geographic difference in hybridization pattern: genetic consequences of secondary contact between two Vincetoxicum species (Apocynaceae–Asclepiadoideae)

Table 1 Description of the morphological characteristics scored for morphologically ‘pure’ V. atratum and V. japonicum plants and morphologically intermediate plants, and the results of one way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA of morphologically ‘pure’ V. atratum and V. japonicum plants

Morphological characteristic	Label	Trans.	Species F (dF = 1)
Maximum leaf blade length (cm)	LL	None	127.70***
Maximum leaf blade width (cm)	LW	None	34.89***
Petiole length (cm)	PL1	None	0.03
Stem length (cm)^a	SL	Log	2.12
Hair density on adaxial leaf surface (cm)^b	HDL	None	***
Hair density on abaxial leaf surface (cm)^c	HBL	None	***
Number of flowers	NF	None	5.41*
Pedicel length (cm)	PL	None	5.08*
Pedicel width (cm)	PW	None	1371.00***
Corolla diameter (cm)	CLD	None	649.10***
Hair density on corolla outside (cm)^d	HCO	None	***
Hair density on corolla inside (cm)^e	HCI	None	***
Corona diameter (cm)	CND	None	1882.00***
Gynostegium length (cm)	GYL	None	2027.00***
Gynostegium diameter (cm)	GYD	None	2913.00***
Corpusculum length (cm)	COL	None	1154.00***
Pollinia length (cm)	POL	None	378.30***

^aTrans. = transformations applied to achieve normality and homogeneity of variances (Log = Natural Logarithm)
^bOrdinal grades 1–10. 1 = less than 20, 2 = 21–40, 3 = 41–60, 4 = 61–80, 5 = 81–100, 6 = 101–120, 7 = 121–140, 8 = 141–160, 9 = 161–180, and 10 = 181–200 (hairs/cm²)
^cOrdinal grades 1–10. 1 = less than 40, 2 = 41–80, 3 = 81–120, 4 = 121–160, 5 = 161–200, 6 = 201–240, 7 = 241–280, 8 = 281–320, 9 = 321–360, and 10 = 361–400 (hairs/cm²)
^dOrdinal grades 1–10. 1 = less than 10, 2 = 11–20, 3 = 21–30, 4 = 31–40, 5 = 41–50, 6 = 51–60, 7 = 61–70, 8 = 71–80, 9 = 81–90, and 10 = 91–100 (hairs/cm²)
^eOrdinal grades 1–10. 1 = less than 10, 2 = 11–20, 3 = 21–30, 4 = 31–40, 5 = 41–50, 6 = 51–60, 7 = 61–70, 8 = 71–80, 9 = 81–90, and 10 = 91–100 (hairs/cm²)
* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001

ISSN: 2730-7182