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Table 1 Maximum likelihood, in percentage, of a given fertility signal being present as ancestral state of different bee clades.

From: The origin and evolution of queen and fertility signals in Corbiculate bees

Compound Class

Apidae sensu lato

Megachile + Apidae sensu strictu

Apidae sensu strictu

Centris + Corbiculate bees

Corbiculate bees

Meliponini

Bombini

Linear alkanes

96.9 %

99.0 %

98.8%

95.2 %

70.8 %

94.2 %

72.8 %

Branched alkanes

47.5 %

69.2 %

73.4 %

68.4 %

44.3 %

60.3 %

79.3 %

Alkenes

61.8 %

72.7 %

55.5 %

83.7 %

90.4 %

86.2 %

94.7 %

Esters

52.4 %

36.5 %

38.3 %

62.2 %

65.0 %

51.8 %

51.0 %

Fatty acids

99.0 %

99.3 %

95.7 %

49.7 %

50.3 %

0.4 %

0.4 %

Alcohols

1.4 %

1.4 %

9.3 %

0.8 %

0.1 %

0.0 %

0.0 %

Alkadienes

0.8 %

0.0 %

0.0 %

0.0 %

0.0 %

0.0 %

0.1 %

Aldehydes

0.8 %

0.2 %

0.8 %

9.3 %

1.4 %

0.2 %

8.7 %

Keto acids

0.0 %

0.0 %

0.0 %

0.0 %

3.7 %

0.0 %

0.0 %

Terpenes

1.1 %

0.0 %

4.6 %

54.1 %

54.1 %

0.0 %

0.0 %

Terpene alcohols

0.0 %

0.0 %

0.1 %

9.3 %

1.4 %

0.0 %

8.7 %

Lactones

3.7 %

0.0 %

0.0 %

0.0 %

0.0 %

0.0 %

0.0 %

  1. In our analysis of 16 species, the Bombini (bumblebees) include the genus Bombus, Meliponini (stingless bees) include the genera Melipona, Scaptotrigona, Friesella and Schwarziana, Corbiculate bees correspond to all Bombini, Meliponini and Apis mellifera honeybees, Centris + Corbiculate bees to Centris analis and all Corbiculate bees, Apidae sensu strictu to Amegilla dawsoni, Centris analis and all Corbiculate bees, Megachile + Apidae sensu strictu to Megachile rotundata plus all Apidae s. s. and,Apidae sensu lato to all species included in our analysis. Likelihoods higher than 50 % are shown in bold