Table 3 Morphological character support for Afrotheria
Character number and state change | Description of character state transformation |
|---|---|
35 (0=>3 or 0=>2) | p4 paraconid small ==> p4 paraconid large and distinct (OSA_AT, UA_AT, UA_DT) or p4 paraconid small ==> p4 paraconid variably large and distinct (OSA_DT) |
36 (1=>2) | p4 metaconid present but small relative to the protoconid ==> p4 metaconid present and approximately as large as the protoconid (OSA_DT, UA_DT) |
37 (0=>2) | p4 protolophid absent ==> p4 protolophid incipient (OSA_DT) |
39 (0=>2 or 0=>1) | p4 entoconid absent ==> p4 entoconid present, smaller than hypoconid (OSA_AT) or p4 entoconid absent ==> p4 entoconid variably present, smaller than hypoconid (OSA_DT) |
40 (1=>2) | p4 hypoconid less than half the height of protoconid ==> p4 hypoconid large, greater than half the height of the protoconid (OSA_AT, OSA_DT, UA_AT, UA_DT) |
41 (0=>1) | p4 hypolophid absent ==> incipient p4 hypolophid variably present (OSA_DT) |
45 (0=>2) | p4 talonid narrower than trigonid ==> p4 talonid equal in width to the trigonid (OSA_AT, OSA_DT) |
73 (0=>2 or 0=>1) | Cristid obliqua on lower molars meets hypocristid at a sharp angle ==> junction between cristid obliqua and hypocristid more open, buccal aspect of hypoconid rounded (OSA_AT, UA_AT, UA_DT) or cristid obliqua on lower molars meets hypocristid at a sharp angle ==> junction between cristid obliqua and hypocristid variably more open, buccal aspect of hypoconid rounded (OSA_DT) |
77 (2=>1) | Lower molar entocristids present ==> lower molar entocristids variably absent (OSA_AT, OSA_DT) |
115 (0=>2) | P3 protocone absent or highly reduced ==> P3 protocone present and small (OSA_AT, OSA_DT, UA_AT, UA_DT) |
129 (0=>4) | P4 metacone absent ==> P4 metacone present, distinct, and differentiated from the paracone (OSA_AT, OSA_DT, UA_AT, UA_DT) |
143 (0=>4) | M1-2 mesial cingulum broken or absent ==> M1-2 mesial cingulum complete and well-defined across all or most of the mesial face of the teeth (OSA_DT, UA_DT) |
150 (0=>4) | Buccolingually extensive shelf present on buccal aspect of upper molars ==> distinct buccal cingulum on upper molars (UA_AT, UA_DT) |
165 (2=>0) | M1-2 parastyles small ==> M1-2 parastyles absent (UA_AT, UA_DT) |
184 (6=>A) | 6 lumbar vertebrae ==> 8 lumbar vertebrae (UA_AT, UA_DT) |
218 (0=>4) | Lunar-unciform contact present ==> lunar-unciform contact absent (OSA_DT, UA_DT) |
267 (0=>1) | naviculocalcaneal facet absent ==> naviculocalcaneal facet present (OSA_DT, UA_DT) |
291 (0=>1) | Vomeronasal organ blood vessels prominent ==> vomeronasal organ blood vessels scattered (OSA_AT, OSA_DT, UA_AT, UA_DT) |
383 (0=>1) | Internal carotid medial to anterior pole of pars cochlearis ==> internal carotid lateral to anterior pole of pars cochlearis (OSA_AT, OSA_DT, UA_AT, UA_DT) |
388 (5=>0 or 3=>2 or 1=>0) | Testes descend into a pendulous scrotum ==> testes intraabdominal and situated near kidneys (UA_AT, UA_DT) or testes pass into a cremasteric sac ==> testes migrate to or just through the ventral abdominal wall (OSA_AT) or testes migrate to near the bladder ==> testes intraabdominal and situated near kidneys (OSA_DT) |
397 (0=>1) | One allantoic vesicle chamber ==> four allantoic vesicle chambers (OSA_AT, OSA_DT, UA_AT, UA_DT) |