Table 1 IGS length results for each of the species examined in this study. IGS size index, IGS size range, three most dominant IGS sizes (% relative proportion), and number of bands. Presence and distance of the Hae III restriction site(s) from the end of PCR-amplified IGS products are indicated for each species.
From: Ribosomal intergenic spacer (IGS) length variation across the Drosophilinae (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Species | Size Index | Size Range | Size of lost fragments (bp) after digestion of PCR products with Hae III | Dominant 1 | Dominant 2 | Dominant 3 | No. of bands | No. of females | Strain ID or source locality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Based on Southern Blot Hybridization (SB) and PCR | |||||||||
Subgenus Sophophora | |||||||||
   Species group: melanogaster | |||||||||
   D. yakuba (SB) | 5.30 | 2.63–7.76 |  | 5.22 (33.2) | 6.98 (15.9) | 4.6 (13.0) | 12 | 9 | 14021-0261.0 |
   D. yakuba(PCR) | 3.88 | 2.68–4.64 | 150 | 4.64 (30.5) | 4.01 (23.4) | 3.62 (21.7) | 6 | 1 | 14021-0261.0 |
   D. melanogaster (SB) | 6.37 | 3.87–12.89 |  | 5.5 (17.6) | 5.2 (13.8) | 6.9 (11.4) | 15 | 1 | Tucson, AZ |
   D. melanogaster (SB) | 5.94 | 2.64–14.79 |  | 5.22 (11.8) | 4.89 (10.2) | 5.66 (9.0) | 19 | 6 | Tucson, AZ |
   D. melanogaster (SB) | 5.73 | 5.08–7.84 |  | 5.62 (54.7) | 5.36 (21.2) | 6.29 (10.2) | 9 | 1 | Tucson, AZ |
   D. melanogaster(PCR) | 2.72 | 1.98–3.11 | 240 | 3.11 (63.2) | 2.12 (23.7) | 1.98 (13.2) | 3 | 1 | Tucson, AZ |
   D. eugracilis (SB) | 3.64 | 2.37–7.32 |  | 4.28 (22.8) | 3.94 (15.0) | 4.61 (10.4) | 12 | 5 | 14028-0451.3 |
   D. eugracilis(PCR) | 4.83 | 4.83 | 470, 170 | 4.83 (100) |  |  | 1 |  | 14028-0451.3 |
   D. varians (SB) | 7.49 | 7.44–8.24 |  | 7.44 (93.2) | 8.24 (6.8) |  | 2 | 8 | 14024-0431-0 |
   D. varians(PCR) | 3.11 | 2.64–3.96 | 210 | 2.64 (64.2) | 3.96 (35.8) |  | 2 | 1 | 14024-0431-0 |
   D. kikkawai (SB) | 5.19 | 3.18–11.38 |  | 4.8 (17.6) | 4.36 (13.1) | 4.61 (9.6) | 17 | 7 | 14028-0561.0 |
   D. kikkawai(PCR) | 4.21 | 3.55–4.89 | 435 | 4.48 (29.5) | 3.55 (26.4) | 4.89 (23.5) | 4 |  | 14028-0561.0 |
   D. auraria (SB) | 4.81 | 3.5–4.91 |  | 4.91 (90.6) |  |  | 4 | 7 | 14028-0471.0 |
   D. auraria(PCR) | 2.86 | 2.86 | 520 | 2.86 (100) |  |  | 1 | 1 | 14028-0471.0 |
   D. kanapiae (SB) | 5.69 | 5.58–5.78 |  | 5.78 (54.9) | 5.58 (45.1) |  | 2 | 6 | 14028-0541.0 |
   D. kanapiae(PCR) | 5.44 | 4.73–5.95 | 540 | 5.95 (58.1) | 4.73 (41.9) |  | 2 | 1 | 14028-0541.0 |
   D. parvula (SB) | 4.48 | 3.44–6.35 |  | 5.14 (18.9) | 4.88 (17.9) | 4.4 (14.2) | 11 | 6 | 14028-0621.0 |
   D. parvula(PCR) | 5.46 | 5.46 | 620 | 5.46 (100) |  |  | 1 | 1 | 14028-0621.0 |
   Species group: obscura | |||||||||
   D. pseudoobscura (SB) | 3.30 | 1.68–4.27 |  | 3.65 (30.2) | 3.36 (25.4) | 3.93 (11.5) | 10 | 10 | TE 1198-2 |
   D. pseudoobscura(PCR) | 3.30 | 3.30 | 150 | 3.30 (100) |  |  | 1 | 5 | TE 1198-2 |
   D. persimilis (SB) | 3.35 | 1.94–4.5 |  | 3.67 (17.0) | 3.34 (16.5) | 3.02 (15.1) | 10 | 3 | 14011-0111.24 |
   D. persimilis(PCR) | 3.23 | 2.71–3.99 | 150 | 3.40 (36.1) | 3.11 (23.9) | 2.90 (18.6) | 6 | 5 | 14011-0111.24 |
   D. miranda (SB) | 4.54 | 3.78–5.29 |  | 4.86 (36.4) | 4.56 (28.6) | 4.28 (18.3) | 6 | 5 | 14011-0101.11 |
   D. miranda(PCR) | 3.78 | 2.93–4.45 | 180 | 4.14 (17.5) | 3.85 (17.4) | 3.54 (16.0) | 7 | 1 | 14011-0101.11 |
   D. affinis (SB) | 4.73 | 2.82–7.46 |  | 4.32 (10.4) | 4.75 (10.2) | 5.08 (10.02) | 16 | 6 | 14012-0141.0 |
   D. affinis(PCR) | 3.43 | 2.93–4.11 | 180 | 3.14 (29.6) | 3.45 (18.8) | 2.93 (18.1) | 6 |  | 14012-0141.0 |
   D. bifasciata (SB) | 5.54 | 3.19–8.68 |  | 5.58 (9.7) | 5.24 (9.2) | 4.91 (8.9) | 15 | 3 | 14012-0181.1 |
   D. bifasciata(PCR) | 3.62 | 2.84–4.77 | 200 | 3.76 (18.2) | 3.29 (16.5) | 3.54 (16.2) | 8 | 1 | 14012-0181.1 |
   Species group: willistoni | |||||||||
   D. paulistorum (SB) | 11.60 | 7.08–16.56 |  | 10.53 (34.1) | 11.67 (33.4) | 15.67 (13.6) | 6 | 8 | 14030-0771.11 |
   D. paulistorum(PCR) | 3.55 | 3.38–3.82 | 340 | 3.38 (62.0) | 3.82 (38.0) | 2.87 (7.2) | 2 | 1 | 14030-0771.11 |
   D. equinoxialis (SB) | 6.77 | 5.4–10.04 |  | 6.22 (34.2) | 7.93 (18.3) | 6.9 (17.7) | 6 | 7 | 14030-0741.0 |
   D. equinoxialis(PCR) | 2.74 | 2.52–3.07 | 170 | 2.52 (57.9) | 3.07 (34.9) |  | 3 | 1 | 14030-0741.0 |
   D. willistoni (SB) | 5.90 | 5.65–6.5 |  | 5.65 (70.4) | 6.5 (29.6) |  | 2 | 7 | 14030-0811.3 |
   D. willistoni(PCR) | 1.32 | 1.31–3.07 | 200 | 1.31 (99.0) | 2.59 (0.3) | 1.52 (0.3) | 4 | 1 | 14030-0811.3 |
Subgenus Drosophila | |||||||||
   Species group: virilis | |||||||||
   D. novamexicana (SB) | 5.11 | 3–8.18 |  | 5.33 (16.9) | 6 (16.1) | 4.96 (15.9) | 11 | 5 | 15010-1031.4 |
   D. novamexicana(PCR) | 4.33 | 1.51–5.11 | 200 | 5.11 (42.0) | 4.70 (41.0) | 1.51(17.0) | 4 | 1 | 15010-1031.4 |
   D. lummei (SB) | 5.56 | 4.88–7.64 |  | 5.53 (56.7) | 5.17 (19.5) | 4.88 (7.5) | 6 | 4 | 15010-1011.2 |
   D. lummei(PCR) | 4.74 | 3.73–4.97 | 190 | 4.97 (70.2) | 4.47 (15.4) | 3.73 (5.0) | 5 | 1 | 15010-1011.2 |
   D. virilis (SB) | 5.53 | 2.53–7.39 |  | 5.5 (27.7) | 6.08 (21.6) | 4.86 (16.2) | 15 | 3 | 15010-1051.12 |
   D. virilis(PCR) | 1.57 | 1.42–3.56 | 110 | 1.56 (60.5) | 1.45 (39.2) |  | 3 | 1 | 15010-1051.12 |
   D. kanekoi (SB) | 8.01 | 6.37–8.9 |  | 8.15 (47.1) | 7.33 (30.1) | 8.9 (20.2) | 4 | 1 | 15010-1061.0 |
   D. kanekoi(PCR) | 6.75 | 6.04–7.60 | 185 | 6.04 (45.4) | 7.60 (54.6) |  | 2 | 1 | 15010-1061.0 |
   Species group: repleta | |||||||||
   D. nigrospiracula (SB) | 5.25 | 4.75–6.17 |  | 4.75 (34.9) | 5.65 (33.8) | 5.02 (14.2) | 5 | 1 | 15081-1503.1 |
   D. nigrospiracula(PCR) | 4.32 | 3.35–5.28 | 290, 210 | 5.28 (25.4) | 4.04 (25.2) | 3.78 (25.0) | 6 | 1 | 15081-1503.1 |
   Species group: dreyfusi | |||||||||
   D. camargoi (SB) | 5.01 | 3.51–8.21 |  | 4.57 (11.01) | 4.33 (10.9) | 3.94 (10.1) | 12 | 3 | 15060-1221.2 |
   D. camargoi (PCR) | 3.74 | 2.90–4.32 | 150 | 4.32 (21.64) | 3.76 (16.98) | 4.00 (16.3) | 7 | 1 | 15060-1221.2 |
   Species group: mesophragmatica | |||||||||
   D. gaucha (SB) | 6.67 | 5.06–8.18 |  | 6.05 (21.6) | 6.64 (21.5) | 7.25 (21.2) | 5 | 4 | 15070-1231.0 |
   D. gaucha(PCR) | 4.41 | 2.49–5.23 | 160 | 2.49 (41.9) | 5.23 (69.1) |  | 2 | 1 | 15070-1231.0 |
   Species group: nannoptera | |||||||||
   D. pachea (SB) | 9.00 | 6.98–14.35 |  | 8.04 (32.4) | 6.98 (25.2) | 8.76 (16.6) | 6 | 7 | Ejido |
   D. pachea(PCR) | 7.89 | 7.89 | 620 | 7.89 (100) |  |  | 1 | 1 | Ejido |
   D. nannoptera (SB) | 4.90 | 3.35–11.5 |  | 3.35 (23) | 7.22 (12.7) | 3.94 (11.8) | 13 | 6 | 15090-1692.2 |
   D. nannoptera(PCR) | 4.12 | 3.39–4.70 | 670 | 3.39 (26.3) | 4.70 (24.5) | 4.27 (22.1) | 5 | 1 | 15090-1692.2 |
   Species group: immigrans | |||||||||
   D. nasuta (SB) | 6.30 | 5.16–7.09 |  | 6.49 (40.0) | 6.13 (24.8) | 7.09 (13.5) | 6 | 1 | 15112-1781.9 |
   D. nasuta(PCR) | 2.98 | 2.79–3.67 | 250 | 3.67 (74.9) | 3.49 (19.1) | 3.67 (6.0) | 3 | 1 | 15112-1781.9 |
   D. albomicans (SB) | 6.54 | 2.36–10.48 |  | 7.22 (14.5) | 8.89 (13.28) | 6.73 (13.18) | 12 | 10 | 15112-1751.2 |
   D. albomicans(PCR) | 1.34 | 1.20–1.61 | 240 | 1.61 (67.3) | 1.20 (13.0) | 1.29 (7.6) | 3 | 1 | 15112-1751.2 |
   Species group: tripunctata | |||||||||
   D. tripunctata (SB) | 4.62 | 1.4–10 |  | 6.47 (14.3) | 5.61 (13.2) | 7.51 (12.3) | 8 | 4 | 15220-2401.2 |
   D. tripunctata(PCR) | 4.12 | 2.98–5.32 | 180 | 3.83 (36.4) | 5.32 (24.8) | 3.71 (19.1) | 6 | 1 | 15220-2401.2 |
   Species group: testacea | |||||||||
   D. putrida (SB) | 3.73 | 3.73 |  | 3.73 (100) |  |  | 1 | 7 | 15150-2101.1 |
   D. putrida(PCR) | 3.84 | 3.84 | 590 | 3.84 (100) |  |  | 1 | 1 | 15150-2101.1 |
Based on PCR only | |||||||||
Subgenus Sophophora | |||||||||
   Species group: melanogaster | |||||||||
   D. ananassae | 4.15 | 4.15 | 220, 830 | 4.15 (100) |  |  | 1 | 1 | 14024-0371.3 |
   D. pallidosa | 4.33 | 3.16–4.82 | 400, 520, 860 | 4.17 (78.5) | 4.82 (24.9) |  | 3 | 1 | 14024-0433.1 |
   D. greeni | 2.72 | 2.27–4.18 | 160, 1066 | 2.27 (65.5) | 4.18 (20.9) | 2.51 (7.1) | 4 | 1 | 14028-0712.0 |
   D. seguyi | 2.40 | 2.40 | 842, 490, 450 | 2.40 (100) |  |  | 1 | 1 | 14028-0671.0 |
   D. lini | 3.38 | 3.33–3.64 | 120, 710, 1700, 1880, 2080 | 3.33 (81.2) | 3.64 (18.8) |  | 2 | 1 | 14028-0581.0 |
   D. mayri | 3.65 | 3.54–3.72 | 130, 210, 440 | 3.72 (60.1) | 3.54 (39.8) |  | 2 | 1 | 14028-0591.0 |
   D. birchii | 2.42 | 1.88–2.93 | no Hae III site | 2.93 (49.6) | 1.98 (25.1) | 1.88 (25.3) | 2 | 1 | 14028-0521.0 |
   D. baimaii | 4.65 | 3.38–5.49 | 500, 640 | 4.92 (51.9) | 3.38 (25.7) | 5.49 (22.4) | 3 | 1 | 14028-0481.1 |
Subgenus Dorsilopha | |||||||||
   D. busckii | 4.04 | 3.6–4.87 | 1547, 1016 | 3.60 (65.5) | 4.87 (34.5) |  | 2 | 1 | Anza Borrego, CA |
Subgenus Drosophila | |||||||||
   Species group: repleta | |||||||||
   D. bifurca | 4.77 | 2.90–5.91 | 140, 190, 900 | 5.91 (44.7) | 4.64 (29.2) | 2.90 (26.1) | 3 | 1 | 15085-1621.0 |
   D. mojavensis | 4.21 | 3.25–7.09 | no Hae III site | 3.72 (37.0) | 4.00 (19.9) | 4.99 (9.1) | 6 | 1 | San Carlos, Son., Mexico |
   D. mojavensis | 4.81 | 4.81 | no Hae III site | 4.81 (100) |  |  | 1 | 1 | Ensenada de los Muertos, B.C.S., Mexico |
   D. arizonae | 4.31 | 4.05–5.39 | no Hae III site | 4.05 (80.7) | 5.39 (19.3) |  | 2 | 1 | Tucson, AZ |
   D. mettleri | 7.09 | 7.09 | 220, 370, 750, 2950, 3250 | 7.09 (100) |  |  | 1 | 1 | Organ Pipe National Monument, AZ |
   D. aldrichi | 5.47 | 5.47 | no Hae III site | 5.47 (100) |  |  | 1 | 1 | Tucson, AZ |
   Species group: bromeliae | |||||||||
   D. bromeliae | 4.39 | 1.63–4.50 | 200, 250, 440, 1640 | 4.50 (75.4) | 4.05 (24.6) |  | 4 | 1 | 10585-1682.0 |
   Species group: funebris | |||||||||
   D. funebris | 4.20 | 3.93–4.36 | no Hae III site | 4.36 (76.1) | 3.93 (23.9) |  | 2 | 1 | 15120-1911.3 |
   Species group: calloptera | |||||||||
   D. ornatipennis | 4.33 | 3.29–5.00 | 210, 320, 630 | 5.00 (45.3) | 3.29 (31.3) | 4.72 (23.4) | 3 | 1 | 15160-2121.0 |
   Species group: cardini | |||||||||
   D. dunni thomasiensis | 4.04 | 2.27–4.31 | 150, 560, 1000, 1060 | 4.03 (49.1) | 3.85 (34.2) | 4.31 (24.0) | 4 | 1 | 15182-2301.0 |
   D. parthenogenetica | 3.54 | 3.33–4.16 | no Hae III site | 3.33 (53.3) | 3.53 (27.4) | 4.16 (19.3) | 3 | 1 | 15181.2221.0 |
Other genera | |||||||||
   Scaptodrosophila lebanensis | 6.13 | 6.13 | no Hae III site | 6.13 (100) |  |  | 1 | 1 | 11020-0021.0 |
   Hirtodrosophila duncani | 5.03 | 4.23–6.07 | no Hae III site | 4.23 (35.9) | 6.07 (34.0) | 4.75 (30.0) | 3 | 1 | 92000-0075.0 |
   Zaprionus ghesquerei | 4.98 | 3.52–8.45 | 880, 600, 290 | 5.31 (35.7) | 6.35 (16.6) | 3.51 (15.2) | 6 | 1 | 50000-2743.0 |
Based on Southern Blot Hybridization (SB) only | |||||||||
Subgenus Sophophora | |||||||||
   Species group: melanogaster | |||||||||
   D. teissieri | 4.86 | 4.6–6.08 |  | 4.75 (58.3) | 5.04 (23.7) | 4.6 (13.5) | 4 | 5 | 14021-0257.0 |
   D. teissieri | 5.20 | 4.95–6.27 |  | 4.95 (58.4) | 5.22 (28.6) | 6.27 (12.9) | 3 | 12 | 14021-0257.0 |
   D. barbarae | 5.61 | 3.31–10.68 |  | 4.78 (30.3) | 6.2 (18.5) | 5.26 (14.1) | 10 | 10 | 14028-0491.1 |
   D. punjabiensis | 7.16 | 4.14–8.64 |  | 7.24 (15.3) | 7.68 (14.2) | 8.05 (14.0) | 11 | 7 | 14028-0641.0 |
   D. bicornuta | 10.77 | 4.88–16.67 |  | 11.91 (56.8) | 9.67 (15.7) | 8.57 (11.6) | 6 | 6 | 14028-0511.0 |
Subgenus Drosophila | |||||||||
   Species group: virilis | |||||||||
   D. montana | 6.42 | 1.39–18.83 |  | 10.55 (9.8) | 8.38 (9.8) | 6.69 (9.4) | 16 | 4 | 15010-1021.24 |
   D. borealis | 7.84 | 5.38–8.8 |  | 7.82 (46.5) | 7.23 (26.6) | 8.8 (23.7) | 5 | 4 | 15010-0961.0 |
   Species group: repleta | |||||||||
   D. hydei | 5.16 | 3.44–8.66 |  | 4.5 (18.3) | 5.88 (17.3) | 4.81 (17.0) | 10 | 3 | 15085-1641.28 |
   D. navojoa | 7.18 | 3.1–11.73 |  | 6.7 (26.63) | 7.18 (20.2) | 6.08 (14.6) | 13 | 5 | 15081-1374.0 |
   D. micromettleri | 5.67 | 4.1–11.55 |  | 5.15 (38.0) | 6.2 (35.7) | 5.52 (11.0) | 8 | 7 | 15081-1346.0 |
   D. eremophila | 5.02 | 2.45–13.47 |  | 4.9 (23.1) | 5.91 (13.5) | 7.06 (11.4) | 13 | 6 | 15081-1292.0 |
   D. wheeleri | 7.18 | 6.47–9.76 |  | 7.03 (21.9) | 6.69 (21.4) | 6.47 (19.9) | 8 | 2 | 15081.1501.1 |
   Species group: robusta | |||||||||
   D. robusta | 8.14 | 2.91–14.59 |  | 9.04 (16.1) | 10.2 (14.0) | 7.19 (14.0) | 16 | 3 | 15020-1111.5 |
   Species group: melanica | |||||||||
   D. melanica | 5.13 | 3.78–5.71 |  | 5.4 (35.2) | 5.71 (23.4) | 5.06 (14.4) | 7 | 4 | 15030-1141.3 |
   Species group: nannoptera | |||||||||
   D. acanthoptera | 16.61 | 8.59–19.97 |  | 19.97 (63.8) | 11.95 (18.2) | 9.89 (11.7) | 4 | 4 | 15090-1693.0 |
   D. wassermani | 13.11 | 8.77–18.25 |  | 12 (33.1) | 14.72 (24.9) | 8.77 (23.2) | 4 | 5 | 15090-1697.10 |
   Species group: picture wing | |||||||||
   D. grimshawi | 5.01 | 4.65–5.25 |  | 5.25 (60.8) | 4.65 (39.2) |  | 2 | 1 | 15287-2541.0 |
   Species group: tumiditarsus | |||||||||
   D. repletoides | 9.72 | 1.68–18.35 |  | 8.36 (12.8) | 18.35 (12.8) | 15.3 (11.9) | 22 | 4 | 15250-2541.0 |
   Species group: polychaeta | |||||||||
   D. polychaeta | 3.61 | 2.38–4.81 |  | 3.62 (23.3) | 3.33 (20.0) | 3.06 (15.2) | 10 | 4 | 15070-1231.0 |