Genetic species identification and population structure of Halophila(Hydrocharitaceae) from the Western Pacific to the Eastern Indian Ocean

Table 4 Pairwise comparison of population differentiation among H. ovalis populations

	HK-tc	VN-vp	VN-tt	MY-sr	MY-tg	MY-sb	MY-bd	MY-mg	TH-kn	MY-jo	TH-sa	TH-tr	IN-ma	IN-ka
HK-tc	-	0.912	1.183	2.636	1.100	1.879	1.100	1.100	1.146	0.870	0.794	0.691	2.529	1.183
VN-vp	0.477**	-	0.221	0.858	0.434	0.591	0.434	0.561	0.288	0.508	0.741	0.791	1.375	1.036
VN-tt	0.542**	0.181**	-	1.325	0.547	0.900	0.547	0.858	0.377	0.485	1.046	1.078	1.850	1.375
MY-sr	0.725**	0.462**	0.56**	-	0.800	0.594	0.350	0.350	1.535	0.800	0.953	0.918	2.725	1.725
MY-tg	0.524**	0.303**	0.354**	0.444**	-	0.818	0.200	0.350	0.332	0.157	0.688	0.723	1.525	0.703
MY-sb	0.653**	0.372**	0.474**	0.373**	0.450**	-	0.356	0.356	1.103	0.816	1.169	1.211	2.168	1.502
MY-bd	0.524**	0.303**	0.354**	0.259*	0.167*	0.263**	-	0.050	0.480	0.286	0.688	0.723	1.525	1.014
MY-mg	0.524**	0.360**	0.462**	0.259**	0.259*	0.263**	0.048**	-	0.628	0.414	0.688	0.723	1.525	1.014
TH-kn	0.534**	0.223**	0.274**	0.605**	0.249*	0.524*	0.324**	0.386**	-	0.388	0.976	1.022	1.538	0.686
MY-jo	0.465**	0.337**	0.327**	0.444*	0.136**	0.449**	0.222**	0.293**	0.279**	-	0.464	0.508	1.150	0.765
TH-sa	0.443**	0.425**	0.511**	0.488**	0.408**	0.539**	0.408**	0.408**	0.494**	0.317**	-	0.000	1.296	0.731
TH-tr	0.409**	0.442**	0.519**	0.479**	0.42**	0.548**	0.420**	0.420**	0.506**	0.337**	-0.05^ns	-	1.280	0.731
IN-ma	0.717**	0.579**	0.649**	0.732**	0.604**	0.684**	0.604**	0.604**	0.606**	0.535**	0.564**	0.561**	-	1.280
IN-ka	0.542**	0.509**	0.579**	0.633**	0.413**	0.600**	0.503**	0.503**	0.407**	0.433**	0.422**	0.422**	0.561**	-

Genetic differentiation F_ST (below diagonal) and Slatkin’s genetic distance [41] derived from 14 populations. Statistical significance based on a comparison-wise error rate of α = 0.05 (below diagonal). ns = non-significant, * 0.05 ≥ p > 0.01, ** p < 0.01. Abbreviations as in Figure 1. Data was implemented by Arlequin version 3.5 [42].

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