Emergence of novel domains in proteins

Table 3 Evolutionary properties of human proteins of different age

	Age	N proteins	Domains/prot.	Protein length*	dN/dS^a*
Proteins with domains
	Old	11,039	1.91 (1)	616.3 (473)	0.11 (0.08)
	Vertebrate	473	1.15 (1)	394.3 (269)	0.21 (0.18)
	Mammalian	62	1.02 (1)	267.9 (163)	0.35 (0.33)
Proteins without domains
	Old	1,816	NA	654.6 (501)	0.15 (0.12)
	Vertebrate	851	NA	449.0 (319)	0.21 (0.18)
	Mammalian	358	NA	308.2 (214.5)	0.39 (0.31)

Mean and median (in brackets) are shown. ^aNon-synonymous to synonymous substitution rate (dN/dS) was calculated for 10,636 Old, 416 Vertebrate and 40 Mammalian proteins with domains, and for 1,740 Old, 784 Vertebrate and 274 Mammalian proteins without domains. *Kolmogorov-Smirnov test p < 10^-5 in all pairwise comparisons.

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