Figure 4From: Comparative phylogenies and host specialization in the alder ectomycorrhizal fungi Alnicola, Alpova and Lactarius (Basidiomycota) in EuropePhylogenetic reconstructions of the Lactarius lineage (Russulaceae) based on ITS, showing putative evolutional events in relation with host specificity. A: concatenate analysis of alnicolous species (ITS + RPB2 + V9). B: concatenate analysis (ITS + RPB2) of Lactarius subgen. Russulares showing positions of each clades of alnicolous species within the genus. Red: species associated with Alnus sect. Alnus.; Green: species associated with Alnus sect. Alnobetula. Green and red stars show putative basal association with Alnus sect. Alnobetula (with possible co-speciation) and sect. Alnus respectively. Arrows show events of speciation associated with host specificity; red arrow: host-dependent radiation with Alnus subgen. Alnus; green arrow: host shifts from Alnus subgen. Alnus to A. alnobetula.Back to article page