Figure 5

Parallelisms, convergences, and reversals in ITS2 base pairs, as shown by selected examples. All three cases of homoplasious changes occurred in ITS2 pairs 54/121 and 55/120 in the basal part of Helix 3 in the Ulvales. For all taxa in the simplified phylogram (derived from Figure 2), sequences of the basal part of Helix 3 are presented as an alignment, and linked to secondary structure diagrams highlighting the homoplasious character evolution of base pair 54/121 (in red color, above alignment) and pair 55/120 (in blue color, below alignment). Dashed arrows in violet were used to indicate the evolutionary direction of homoplasious changes. In the phylogram, branches/clades in which homoplasious substitutions occurred were marked by red/blue circles. Homoplasious changes were abbreviated as before (Figures 2, 3).