Standing variation and new mutations both contribute to a fast response to selection for flowering time in maize inbreds

Table 1 Estimate of effective population sizes (N_e) and heritabilities (h₂) from generations G2 to G7 in each four populations

Population Line	Early F252		Late F252		Early MBS		Late MBS
	N _e	h ²	N _e	h ²	N _e	h ²	N _e	h ²
G2	3.1	0.28	6.8	0.61	5.8	0.14	13.5	0.68
G3	10.1	0.50	20.2	0.74	10.1	-0.20	13.5	0.62
G4	13.5	0.43	10.1	0.78	13.5	0.34	13.5	0.65
G5	13.5	0.31	13.5	0.85	10.1	-0.10	12.5	0.48
G6	20.2	0.46	13.5	0.87	10.1	0.07	10.1	0.27
G7	8.1	0.30	8.1	0.81	8.1	0.35	8.1	0.13

Effective population sizes were computed from the number of offsprings (see equation 10). Heritabilities were computed as the ratio of the genetic variance between genotypes of the same population over the total phenotypic variance (between genotypes + within genotypes). Phenotypic values were obtained from S2 progenies of each genotype evaluated in 2004 and 2005 (see Material and Methods). For the heritabilities, the character typing indicate the level of significance of the genetic variance: italic = non significant, normal = ≤ 5%, bold = ≤ 10^-3.

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