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  1. If the insect innate immune system is to be used as a potential blocking step in transmission of malaria, then it will require targeting one or a few genes with highest relevance and ease of manipulation. The ...

    Authors: Aristeidis Parmakelis, Michel A Slotman, Jonathon C Marshall, Parfait H Awono-Ambene, Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio, Frederic Simard, Adalgisa Caccone and Jeffrey R Powell
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:79
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  2. Computer-assisted analyses have shown that all bacterial genomes contain a small percentage of open reading frames with a frameshift or in-frame stop codon We report here a comparative analysis of these interr...

    Authors: Caroline Deshayes, Emmanuel Perrodou, Daniel Euphrasie, Eric Frapy, Olivier Poch, Pablo Bifani, Odile Lecompte and Jean-Marc Reyrat
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:78
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  3. In recent years there has been a trend of leaving the strict molecular clock in order to infer dating of speciations and other evolutionary events. Explicit modeling of substitution rates and divergence times ...

    Authors: Örjan Åkerborg, Bengt Sennblad and Jens Lagergren
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:77
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  4. The evolution of disease resistance and immune function may be limited if increased immunocompetence comes at the expense of other fitness-determining traits. Both the maintenance of an immune system and the d...

    Authors: Kurt A McKean, Christopher P Yourth, Brian P Lazzaro and Andrew G Clark
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:76
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  5. Due to its history, with a high number of migration events, the Mediterranean basin represents a challenging area for population genetic studies. A large number of genetic studies have been carried out in the ...

    Authors: Carmen Tomas, Juan J Sanchez, Anna Barbaro, Conxita Brandt-Casadevall, Alexis Hernandez, Mohamed Ben Dhiab, Misericordia Ramon and Niels Morling
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:75
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  6. The observed correlation between ultraviolet light incidence and skin color, together with the geographical apportionment of skin reflectance among human populations, suggests an adaptive value for the pigment...

    Authors: Santos Alonso, Neskuts Izagirre, Isabel Smith-Zubiaga, Jesús Gardeazabal, José Luís Díaz-Ramón, José Luís Díaz-Pérez, Diana Zelenika, María Dolores Boyano, Nico Smit and Concepción de la Rúa
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:74
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  7. Little is known about the molecular mechanism which regulates how the whole cranium is shaped. Mouse models currently available for genetic research include several hundreds of unique inbred strains and geneti...

    Authors: Minoru Kawakami and Ken-ichi Yamamura
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:73
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  8. Mutations in human bestrophin 1 are associated with at least three autosomal-dominant macular dystrophies including Best disease, adult onset vitelliform macular dystrophy and autosomal dominant vitreo-retinoc...

    Authors: Vladimir M Milenkovic, Thomas Langmann, Rainer Schreiber, Karl Kunzelmann and Bernhard HF Weber
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:72
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  9. Geographic distribution of the genetic diversity in domestic animals, particularly mitochondrial DNA, has often been used to infer centers of domestication. The underlying presumption is that phylogeographic p...

    Authors: Helena Malmström, Carles Vilà, M Thomas P Gilbert, Jan Storå, Eske Willerslev, Gunilla Holmlund and Anders Götherström
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:71
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  10. Toxin profiling helps in cataloguing the toxin present in the venom as well as in searching for novel toxins. The former helps in understanding potential pharmacological profile of the venom and evolution of t...

    Authors: Robin Doley, Nguyen Ngoc Bao Tram, Md Abu Reza and R Manjunatha Kini
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:70
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  11. The cytoplasmic ribosomal small subunit (SSU, 18S) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the most frequently-used gene for molecular phylogenetic studies. However, information regarding its secondary structure is neglected ...

    Authors: Oliver Voigt, Dirk Erpenbeck and Gert Wörheide
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:69
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  12. The impact of environmental gradients on the evolution of life history traits is a central issue in macroecology and evolutionary biology. A number of hypotheses have been formulated to explain factors shaping...

    Authors: Daniel Pincheira-Donoso, David J Hodgson and Tom Tregenza
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:68
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  13. Poxviruses are important pathogens of humans, livestock and wild animals. These large dsDNA viruses have a set of core orthologs whose gene order is extremely well conserved throughout poxvirus genera. They al...

    Authors: Kirsten A Bratke and Aoife McLysaght
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:67
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  14. Natural selection and genetic drift are major forces responsible for temporal genetic changes in populations. Furthermore, these evolutionary forces may interact with each other. Here we study the impact of an...

    Authors: Pedro Simões, Marta Pascual, Josiane Santos, Michael R Rose and Margarida Matos
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:66
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  15. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) and congeneric species are the most common North American mammals. They represent an emerging system for the genetic analyses of the physiological and behavioral bases of habita...

    Authors: Clifton M Ramsdell, Adrienne A Lewandowski, Julie L Weston Glenn, Paul B Vrana, Rachel J O'Neill and Michael J Dewey
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:65
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  16. Despite the economic and ecological importance of ants, genomic tools for this family (Formicidae) remain woefully scarce. Knowledge of genome size, for example, is a useful and necessary prerequisite for the ...

    Authors: Neil D Tsutsui, Andrew V Suarez, Joseph C Spagna and J Spencer Johnston
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:64
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  17. The study of recently-diverged species offers significant challenges both in the definition of evolutionary entities and in the estimation of gene flow among them. Iberian and North African wall lizards (Podarcis

    Authors: Catarina Pinho, D James Harris and Nuno Ferrand
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:63
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  19. Gastropod mitochondrial genomes exhibit an unusually great variety of gene orders compared to other metazoan mitochondrial genome such as e.g those of vertebrates. Hence, gastropod mitochondrial genomes consti...

    Authors: Cristina Grande, José Templado and Rafael Zardoya
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:61
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  20. In crustaceans and insects, development and reproduction are controlled by the steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Like other steroids, 20E, is synthesized from cholesterol through reactions involving c...

    Authors: Kim F Rewitz and Lawrence I Gilbert
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:60
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  21. The pattern of genetic variation within and among populations of a species is strongly affected by its phylogeographic history. Analyses based on putatively neutral markers provide data from which past events,...

    Authors: Patricia M Mirol, Jarkko Routtu, Anneli Hoikkala and Roger K Butlin
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:59
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  22. The evolutionary history of the Asian colobines is less understood. Although monophyly of the odd-nosed monkeys was recently confirmed, the relationships among the langur genera Presbytis, Semnopithecus and Trach...

    Authors: Martin Osterholz, Lutz Walter and Christian Roos
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:58
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  23. The Euthyneura are considered to be the most successful and diverse group of Gastropoda. Phylogenetically, they are riven with controversy. Previous morphology-based phylogenetic studies have been greatly hamp...

    Authors: Annette Klussmann-Kolb, Angela Dinapoli, Kerstin Kuhn, Bruno Streit and Christian Albrecht
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:57
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  24. Little attention has been paid to the consequences of the last landbridge between Africa and Sicily on Mediterranean biogeography. Previous paleontological and scarce molecular data suggest possible faunal exc...

    Authors: Matthias Stöck, Alessandra Sicilia, Natalia M Belfiore, David Buckley, Sabrina Lo Brutto, Mario Lo Valvo and Marco Arculeo
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:56
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  25. The role of Wolbachia endosymbionts in shaping the mitochondrial diversity of their arthropod host depends on the effects they have on host reproduction and on the mode of transmission of the bacteria. We have co...

    Authors: Lumi Viljakainen, Max Reuter and Pekka Pamilo
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:55
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  26. Carboxylesterases (CES) perform diverse metabolic roles in mammalian organisms in the detoxification of a broad range of drugs and xenobiotics and may also serve in specific roles in lipid, cholesterol, pherom...

    Authors: Roger S Holmes, Jeannie Chan, Laura A Cox, William J Murphy and John L VandeBerg
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:54
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  29. Foraging in groups offers animals a number of advantages, such as increasing their likelihood of finding food or detecting and avoiding predators. In order for a group to remain together, there has to be some ...

    Authors: Sean A Rands, Guy Cowlishaw, Richard A Pettifor, J Marcus Rowcliffe and Rufus A Johnstone
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:51
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  30. The lack of reference sequences from well-identified mycorrhizal fungi often poses a challenge to the inference of taxonomic affiliation of sequences from environmental samples, and many environmental sequence...

    Authors: Martin Ryberg, R Henrik Nilsson, Erik Kristiansson, Mats Töpel, Stig Jacobsson and Ellen Larsson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:50
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  31. Many postglacial lakes contain fish species with distinct ecomorphs. Similar evolutionary scenarios might be acting on evolutionarily young fish communities in lakes of remote islands. One process that drives ...

    Authors: Christian Michel, Brendan J Hicks, Kai N Stölting, Andrew C Clarke, Mark I Stevens, Ray Tana, Axel Meyer and Michael R van den Heuvel
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:49
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  32. Among the EF-Hand calcium-binding proteins the subgroup of S100 proteins constitute a large family with numerous and diverse functions in calcium-mediated signaling. The evolutionary origin of this family is s...

    Authors: Andreas M Kraemer, Luis R Saraiva and Sigrun I Korsching
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:48
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  34. The draft mouse (Mus musculus) genome sequence revealed an unexpected proliferation of gene duplicates encoding a family of secretoglobin proteins including the androgen-binding protein (ABP) α, β and γ subunits....

    Authors: Christina M Laukaitis, Andreas Heger, Tyler D Blakley, Pavel Munclinger, Chris P Ponting and Robert C Karn
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:46
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  35. Two potential migratory routes followed by modern humans to colonize Eurasia from Africa have been proposed. These are the two natural passageways that connect both continents: the northern route through the S...

    Authors: Khaled K Abu-Amero, José M Larruga, Vicente M Cabrera and Ana M González
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:45
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  37. The mechanism by which duplicate genes originate – whether by duplication of a whole genome or of a genomic segment – influences their genetic fates. To study events that trigger duplicate gene persistence aft...

    Authors: Frédéric JJ Chain, Dora Ilieva and Ben J Evans
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:43
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  38. A large multigene family of NOD-like receptor (NLR) molecules have been described in mammals and implicated in immunity and apoptosis. Little information, however, exists concerning this gene family in non-mam...

    Authors: Kerry J Laing, Maureen K Purcell, James R Winton and John D Hansen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:42
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  39. Otopetrin 1 (Otop1) encodes a multi-transmembrane domain protein with no homology to known transporters, channels, exchangers, or receptors. Otop1 is necessary for the formation of otoconia and otoliths, calcium ...

    Authors: Inna Hughes, Jonathan Binkley, Belen Hurle, Eric D Green, Arend Sidow and David M Ornitz
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:41
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  40. Broad-scale phylogeographic studies of freshwater organisms provide not only an invaluable framework for understanding the evolutionary history of species, but also a genetic imprint of the paleo-hydrological ...

    Authors: Elsa Froufe, Sergey Alekseyev, Paulo Alexandrino and Steven Weiss
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:40
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  42. Although much research has been carried out into European Reticulitermes taxonomy in recent years, there is still much discussion about phylogenetic relationships. This study investigated the evolution from intra...

    Authors: Thomas Lefebvre, Nicolas Châline, Denis Limousin, Simon Dupont and Anne-Geneviève Bagnères
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:38
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  43. Environmental parental effects can have important ecological and evolutionary consequences, yet little is known about genetic variation among populations in the plastic responses of offspring phenotypes to par...

    Authors: Marie-Pierre Chapuis, Arnaud Estoup, Arnaud Augé-Sabatier, Antoine Foucart, Michel Lecoq and Yannis Michalakis
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:37
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  44. Various expansions or contractions of inverted repeats (IRs) in chloroplast genomes led to fluxes in the IR-LSC (large single copy) junctions. Previous studies revealed that some monocot IRs contain a trnH-rps19 ...

    Authors: Rui-Jiang Wang, Chiao-Lei Cheng, Ching-Chun Chang, Chun-Lin Wu, Tian-Mu Su and Shu-Miaw Chaw
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:36
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  45. An open, focal issue in evolutionary biology is how reproductive isolation and speciation are initiated; elucidation of mechanisms with empirical evidence has lagged behind theory. Under ecological speciation,...

    Authors: Jeremy R Dettman, James B Anderson and Linda M Kohn
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:35
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  46. The evolutionary consequences of competition are of great interest to researchers studying sympatric speciation, adaptive radiation, species coexistence and ecological assembly. Competition's role in driving e...

    Authors: Jabus G Tyerman, Melanie Bertrand, Christine C Spencer and Michael Doebeli
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:34
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  47. Recent translocations of autosomal regions to the sex chromosomes represent important systems for identifying the evolutionary forces affecting convergent patterns of sex-chromosome heteromorphism. Additions t...

    Authors: Sergio V Flores, Amy L Evans and Bryant F McAllister
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:33
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  48. The major impact of Plio-Pleistocene climatic oscillations on the current genetic structure of many species is widely recognised but their importance in driving speciation remains a matter of controversies. In...

    Authors: Alban Guillaumet, Pierre-André Crochet and Jean-Marc Pons
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:32
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  49. Overlapped genes originate by a) loss of a stop codon among contiguous genes coded in different frames; b) shift to an upstream initiation codon of one of the contiguous genes; or c) by overprinting, whereby a...

    Authors: Luis Delaye, Alexander DeLuna, Antonio Lazcano and Arturo Becerra
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:31
    Content type: Research article Published on:

  50. Within the astonishing diversity of orchid pollination systems, sexual deception is one of the most stunning. An example is the genus Ophrys, where plants attract male bees as pollinators by mimicking female mati...

    Authors: Florian P Schiestl and Salvatore Cozzolino
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:27
    Content type: Research article Published on:

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