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Populations of the Oriental White-backed Vulture (Gyps bengalensis) have declined by over 95% within the past decade. This decline is largely due to incidental consumption of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory v...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:65
In plants, tandem, segmental and whole-genome duplications are prevalent, resulting in large numbers of duplicate loci. Recent studies suggest that duplicate genes diverge predominantly through the partitionin...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:64
The origin of microbial ORFans, ORFs having no detectable homology to other ORFs in the databases, is one of the unexplained puzzles of the post-genomic era. Several hypothesis on the origin of ORFans have bee...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:63
Retrotransposons are commonly occurring eukaryotic transposable elements (TEs). Among these, long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are the most abundant TEs and can comprise 50–90% of the genome in highe...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:62
Despite a strong evolutionary pressure to reduce genome size, proteins vary in length over a surprisingly wide range also in very compact genomes. Here we investigated the evolutionary forces that act on prote...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:61
Tenascins are a family of glycoproteins found primarily in the extracellular matrix of embryos where they help to regulate cell proliferation, adhesion and migration. In order to learn more about their origins...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:60
Vps25p is the product of yeast gene VPS25 and is found in an endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-II, along with Vps22p and Vps36p. This complex is essential for sorting of ubiquitinated biosy...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:59
Coordinately regulated genes often physically cluster in eukaryotic genomes, for reasons that remain unclear.
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:58
The Y model of resource allocation predicts a tradeoff between reproduction and survival. Environmental stress could affect a tradeoff between reproduction and survival, but the physiological mechanisms underl...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:57
Understanding evolutionary processes that drive genome reduction requires determining the tempo (rate) and the mode (size and types of deletions) of gene losses. In this study, we analysed five endosymbiotic g...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:56
Many mitochondrial genes, especially ribosomal protein genes, have been frequently transferred as functional entities to the nucleus during plant evolution, often by an RNA-mediated process. A notable case of ...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:55
Since females often pay a higher cost for heterospecific matings, mate discrimination and species recognition are driven primarily by female choice. In contrast, frequent indiscriminate matings are hypothesize...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:54
When females mate with different males, competition for fertilizations occurs after insemination. Such sperm competition is usually summarized at the level of the population or species by the parameter, P2, defin...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:53
Orthologs and paralogs are widely used terms in modern comparative genomics. Existing procedures for resolving orthologous/paralogous relationships are often based on manual revision of clusters of orthologous...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:52
The need to compare protein profiles frequently arises in various protein research areas: comparison of protein families, domain searches, resolution of orthology and paralogy. The existing fast algorithms can...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:51
Alternatively spliced exons play an important role in the diversification of gene function in most metazoans and are highly regulated by conserved motifs in exons and introns. Two contradicting properties have...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:50
Squeaker catfishes (Pisces, Mochokidae, Synodontis) are widely distributed throughout Africa and inhabit a biogeographic range similar to that of the exceptionally diverse cichlid fishes, including the three East...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:49
While Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) have proven a viable and efficient way to sample genomes, particularly those for which whole-genome sequencing is impractical, phylogenetic analysis using ESTs remains diff...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:48
Polychaetes assigned as Scoloplos armiger (Orbiniidae) show a cosmopolitan distribution and have been encountered in all zoogeographic regions. Sibling S. armiger-like species have been revealed by recent studies...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:47
The nucleomorphs associated with secondary plastids of cryptomonads and chlorarachniophytes are the sole examples of organelles with eukaryotic nuclear genomes. Although not as widespread as their prokaryotic ...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:46
Social insects show considerable variability not only in social organisation but also in the temporal pattern of nest cycles. In annual eusocial sweat bees, nest cycles typically consist of a sequence of disti...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:45
Approximate methods for estimating nonsynonymous and synonymous substitution rates (Ka and Ks) among protein-coding sequences have adopted different mutation (substitution) models. In the past two decades, sev...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:44
Since thermodynamic stability is a global property of proteins that has to be conserved during evolution, the selective pressure at a given site of a protein sequence depends on the amino acids present at othe...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:43
We recently described a mini-intein in the PRP8 gene of a strain of the basidiomycete Cryptococcus neoformans, an important fungal pathogen of humans. This was the second described intein in the nuclear genome of...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:42
A genealogy based on gene sequences within a species plays an essential role in the estimation of the character, structure, and evolutionary history of that species. Because intraspecific sequences are more cl...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:41
Many different sexual isolation and sexual selection statistics have been proposed in the past. However, there is no available software that implements all these statistical estimators and their corresponding ...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:40
Ribosomal DNA of several species of the free-living Naegleria amoeba harbors an optional group I intron within the nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. The intron (Nae.S516) has a complex organization of two...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:39
Most genes introduced into phototrophic eukaryotes during the process of endosymbiosis are either lost or relocated into the host nuclear genome. In contrast, gro EL homologues are found in different genome compa...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:38
The phylum Chlorophyta contains the majority of the green algae and is divided into four classes. While the basal position of the Prasinophyceae is well established, the divergence order of the Ulvophyceae, Tr...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:37
A full understanding of the patterns and processes of biological diversification requires the dating of evolutionary events, yet the fossil record is inadequate for most lineages under study. Alternatively, a ...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:36
Anther smuts of the basidiomycetous genus Microbotryum on Caryophyllaceae are important model organisms for many biological disciplines. Members of Microbotryum are most commonly found parasitizing the anthers of...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:35
Certain eukaryotic genomes, such as those of the amitochondriate parasites Giardia and Trichomonas, have very low intron densities, so low that canonical spliceosomal introns have only recently been discovered th...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:34
Thrombospondins (TSPs) are evolutionarily-conserved, extracellular, calcium-binding glycoproteins with important roles in cell-extracellular matrix interactions, angiogenesis, synaptogenesis and connective tis...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:33
The Vitaceae (grape) is an economically important family of angiosperms whose phylogenetic placement is currently unresolved. Recent phylogenetic analyses based on one to several genes have suggested several a...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:32
Globins occur in all three kingdoms of life: they can be classified into single-domain globins and chimeric globins. The latter comprise the flavohemoglobins with a C-terminal FAD-binding domain and the gene-r...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:31
The evolution of type II MADS box genes has been extensively studied in angiosperms. One of the best-understood subfamilies is that of the Arabidopsis gene APETALA3 (AP3). Previous work has demonstrated that the ...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:30
In recent years, model based approaches such as maximum likelihood have become the methods of choice for constructing phylogenies. A number of authors have shown the importance of using adequate substitution m...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:29
Genetic diversity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) population within an individual is lost during transmission to a new host. The demography of transmission is an important determinant of evo...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:28
Lateral gene transfer (LGT) in eukaryotes from non-organellar sources is a controversial subject in need of further study. Here we present gene distribution and phylogenetic analyses of the genes encoding the ...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:27
Guanylyl cyclases (GCs) are responsible for the production of the secondary messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which plays important roles in a variety of physiological responses such as vision, olfacti...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:26
The exchange of nucleotides at synonymous sites in a gene encoding a protein is believed to have little impact on the fitness of a host organism. This should be especially true for synonymous transitions, wher...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:25
The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of most animals evolves more rapidly than nuclear DNA, and often shows higher levels of intraspecific polymorphism and population subdivision. The mtDNA of anthozoans (corals, sea...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:24
Multi-character empirical studies are important contributions to our understanding of the process of speciation. The relatively conserved morphology of, and importance of the mate recognition system in anurans...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:23
While the premise that lateral gene transfer (LGT) is a dominant evolutionary force is still in considerable dispute, the case for widespread LGT in the family of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) is no longer...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:22
The P-type II ATPase gene family encodes proteins with an important role in adaptation of the cell to variation in external K+, Ca2+ and Na2+ concentrations. The presence of P-type II gene subfamilies that are sp...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:21
Papillomaviruses (PVs) infect stratified squamous epithelia in warm-blooded vertebrates and have undergone a complex evolutionary process. The control of the expression of the early ORFs in PVs depends on the ...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:20
Colour polymorphisms are widespread and one of the prime examples is the colour polymorphism in female coenagrionid damselflies: one female morph resembles the male colour (andromorph) while one, or more, fema...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:19
In eukaryotes, histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation is a common mechanism involved in gene silencing and the establishment of heterochromatin. The loci of the major heterochromatic H3K9 methyltransferase Su(...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:18
The number of species within the Malagasy genus Lepilemur and their phylogenetic relationships is disputed and controversial. In order to establish their evolutionary relationships, a comparative cytogenetic and ...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:17
The Dscam gene in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, contains twenty-four exons, four of which are composed of tandem arrays that each undergo mutually exclusive alternative splicing (4, 6, 9 and 17), potent...
Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:16
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