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  1. Populations of the Oriental White-backed Vulture (Gyps bengalensis) have declined by over 95% within the past decade. This decline is largely due to incidental consumption of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory v...

    Authors: Jeff A Johnson, Heather RL Lerner, Pamela C Rasmussen and David P Mindell

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:65

    Content type: Research article

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  2. In plants, tandem, segmental and whole-genome duplications are prevalent, resulting in large numbers of duplicate loci. Recent studies suggest that duplicate genes diverge predominantly through the partitionin...

    Authors: Deborah A Johnson, Jeffrey P Hill and Michael A Thomas

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:64

    Content type: Research article

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  5. Despite a strong evolutionary pressure to reduce genome size, proteins vary in length over a surprisingly wide range also in very compact genomes. Here we investigated the evolutionary forces that act on prote...

    Authors: Jonas Warringer and Anders Blomberg

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:61

    Content type: Research article

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  6. Tenascins are a family of glycoproteins found primarily in the extracellular matrix of embryos where they help to regulate cell proliferation, adhesion and migration. In order to learn more about their origins...

    Authors: RP Tucker, K Drabikowski, JF Hess, J Ferralli, R Chiquet-Ehrismann and JC Adams

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:60

    Content type: Research article

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  9. The Y model of resource allocation predicts a tradeoff between reproduction and survival. Environmental stress could affect a tradeoff between reproduction and survival, but the physiological mechanisms underl...

    Authors: Marta L Wayne, Usha Soundararajan and Lawrence G Harshman

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:57

    Content type: Research article

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  11. Many mitochondrial genes, especially ribosomal protein genes, have been frequently transferred as functional entities to the nucleus during plant evolution, often by an RNA-mediated process. A notable case of ...

    Authors: Han Chuan Ong and Jeffrey D Palmer

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:55

    Content type: Research article

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  12. Since females often pay a higher cost for heterospecific matings, mate discrimination and species recognition are driven primarily by female choice. In contrast, frequent indiscriminate matings are hypothesize...

    Authors: Nikolai P Kandul, Kevin M Wright, Ekaterina V Kandul and Mohamed AF Noor

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:54

    Content type: Research article

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  13. When females mate with different males, competition for fertilizations occurs after insemination. Such sperm competition is usually summarized at the level of the population or species by the parameter, P2, defin...

    Authors: Laura S Corley, Samuel Cotton, Ellen McConnell, Tracey Chapman, Kevin Fowler and Andrew Pomiankowski

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:53

    Content type: Research article

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  14. Orthologs and paralogs are widely used terms in modern comparative genomics. Existing procedures for resolving orthologous/paralogous relationships are often based on manual revision of clusters of orthologous...

    Authors: Igor V Merkeev, Pavel S Novichkov and Andrey A Mironov

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:52

    Content type: Database

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  17. Squeaker catfishes (Pisces, Mochokidae, Synodontis) are widely distributed throughout Africa and inhabit a biogeographic range similar to that of the exceptionally diverse cichlid fishes, including the three East...

    Authors: Stephan Koblmüller, Christian Sturmbauer, Erik Verheyen, Axel Meyer and Walter Salzburger

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:49

    Content type: Research article

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  18. While Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) have proven a viable and efficient way to sample genomes, particularly those for which whole-genome sequencing is impractical, phylogenetic analysis using ESTs remains diff...

    Authors: Jose EB de la Torre, Mary G Egan, Manpreet S Katari, Eric D Brenner, Dennis W Stevenson, Gloria M Coruzzi and Rob DeSalle

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:48

    Content type: Research article

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  19. Polychaetes assigned as Scoloplos armiger (Orbiniidae) show a cosmopolitan distribution and have been encountered in all zoogeographic regions. Sibling S. armiger-like species have been revealed by recent studies...

    Authors: Christoph Bleidorn, Inken Kruse, Sylvia Albrecht and Thomas Bartolomaeus

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:47

    Content type: Research article

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  20. The nucleomorphs associated with secondary plastids of cryptomonads and chlorarachniophytes are the sole examples of organelles with eukaryotic nuclear genomes. Although not as widespread as their prokaryotic ...

    Authors: Nicola J Patron, Matthew B Rogers and Patrick J Keeling

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:46

    Content type: Research article

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  21. Social insects show considerable variability not only in social organisation but also in the temporal pattern of nest cycles. In annual eusocial sweat bees, nest cycles typically consist of a sequence of disti...

    Authors: Oliver Mitesser, Norbert Weissel, Erhard Strohm and Hans-Joachim Poethke

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:45

    Content type: Research article

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  23. Since thermodynamic stability is a global property of proteins that has to be conserved during evolution, the selective pressure at a given site of a protein sequence depends on the amino acids present at othe...

    Authors: Ugo Bastolla, Markus Porto, H Eduardo Roman and Michele Vendruscolo

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:43

    Content type: Research article

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  24. We recently described a mini-intein in the PRP8 gene of a strain of the basidiomycete Cryptococcus neoformans, an important fungal pathogen of humans. This was the second described intein in the nuclear genome of...

    Authors: Margaret I Butler, Jeremy Gray, Timothy JD Goodwin and Russell TM Poulter

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:42

    Content type: Research article

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  25. A genealogy based on gene sequences within a species plays an essential role in the estimation of the character, structure, and evolutionary history of that species. Because intraspecific sequences are more cl...

    Authors: Takahisa Okabayashi, Yasuhiro Kitazoe, Hirohisa Kishino, Teruaki Watabe, Noriaki Nakajima, Yoshiyasu Okuhara, Samantha O'Loughlin and Catherine Walton

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:41

    Content type: Methodology article

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  26. Many different sexual isolation and sexual selection statistics have been proposed in the past. However, there is no available software that implements all these statistical estimators and their corresponding ...

    Authors: Antonio Carvajal-Rodriguez and Emilio Rolan-Alvarez

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:40

    Content type: Software

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  27. Ribosomal DNA of several species of the free-living Naegleria amoeba harbors an optional group I intron within the nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. The intron (Nae.S516) has a complex organization of two...

    Authors: Odd-Gunnar Wikmark, Christer Einvik, Johan F De Jonckheere and Steinar D Johansen

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:39

    Content type: Research article

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  28. Most genes introduced into phototrophic eukaryotes during the process of endosymbiosis are either lost or relocated into the host nuclear genome. In contrast, gro EL homologues are found in different genome compa...

    Authors: Stefan Zauner, Peter Lockhart, Bettina Stoebe-Maier, Paul Gilson, Geoffrey I McFadden and Uwe G Maier

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:38

    Content type: Research article

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  29. The phylum Chlorophyta contains the majority of the green algae and is divided into four classes. While the basal position of the Prasinophyceae is well established, the divergence order of the Ulvophyceae, Tr...

    Authors: Jean-Charles de Cambiaire, Christian Otis, Claude Lemieux and Monique Turmel

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:37

    Content type: Research article

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  30. A full understanding of the patterns and processes of biological diversification requires the dating of evolutionary events, yet the fossil record is inadequate for most lineages under study. Alternatively, a ...

    Authors: Kathleen M Kay, Justen B Whittall and Scott A Hodges

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:36

    Content type: Research article

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  31. Anther smuts of the basidiomycetous genus Microbotryum on Caryophyllaceae are important model organisms for many biological disciplines. Members of Microbotryum are most commonly found parasitizing the anthers of...

    Authors: Martin Kemler, Markus Göker, Franz Oberwinkler and Dominik Begerow

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:35

    Content type: Research article

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  33. Thrombospondins (TSPs) are evolutionarily-conserved, extracellular, calcium-binding glycoproteins with important roles in cell-extracellular matrix interactions, angiogenesis, synaptogenesis and connective tis...

    Authors: Patrick McKenzie, Seetharam C Chadalavada, Justin Bohrer and Josephine C Adams

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:33

    Content type: Research article

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  34. The Vitaceae (grape) is an economically important family of angiosperms whose phylogenetic placement is currently unresolved. Recent phylogenetic analyses based on one to several genes have suggested several a...

    Authors: Robert K Jansen, Charalambos Kaittanis, Christopher Saski, Seung-Bum Lee, Jeffrey Tomkins, Andrew J Alverson and Henry Daniell

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:32

    Content type: Research article

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  35. Globins occur in all three kingdoms of life: they can be classified into single-domain globins and chimeric globins. The latter comprise the flavohemoglobins with a C-terminal FAD-binding domain and the gene-r...

    Authors: Serge N Vinogradov, David Hoogewijs, Xavier Bailly, Raúl Arredondo-Peter, Julian Gough, Sylvia Dewilde, Luc Moens and Jacques R Vanfleteren

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:31

    Content type: Research article

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  36. The evolution of type II MADS box genes has been extensively studied in angiosperms. One of the best-understood subfamilies is that of the Arabidopsis gene APETALA3 (AP3). Previous work has demonstrated that the ...

    Authors: Elena M Kramer, Huei-Jiun Su, Cheng-Chiang Wu and Jer-Ming Hu

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:30

    Content type: Research article

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  37. In recent years, model based approaches such as maximum likelihood have become the methods of choice for constructing phylogenies. A number of authors have shown the importance of using adequate substitution m...

    Authors: Thomas M Keane, Christopher J Creevey, Melissa M Pentony, Thomas J Naughton and James O Mclnerney

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:29

    Content type: Research article

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  38. Genetic diversity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) population within an individual is lost during transmission to a new host. The demography of transmission is an important determinant of evo...

    Authors: Charles TT Edwards, Edward C Holmes, Daniel J Wilson, Raphael P Viscidi, Elaine J Abrams, Rodney E Phillips and Alexei J Drummond

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:28

    Content type: Research article

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  39. Lateral gene transfer (LGT) in eukaryotes from non-organellar sources is a controversial subject in need of further study. Here we present gene distribution and phylogenetic analyses of the genes encoding the ...

    Authors: Jan O Andersson, Robert P Hirt, Peter G Foster and Andrew J Roger

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:27

    Content type: Research article

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  41. The exchange of nucleotides at synonymous sites in a gene encoding a protein is believed to have little impact on the fitness of a host organism. This should be especially true for synonymous transitions, wher...

    Authors: Tang Li, Stephen G Chamberlin, M Daniel Caraco, David A Liberles, Eric A Gaucher and Steven A Benner

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:25

    Content type: Research article

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  43. Multi-character empirical studies are important contributions to our understanding of the process of speciation. The relatively conserved morphology of, and importance of the mate recognition system in anurans...

    Authors: Stephen C Lougheed, James D Austin, James P Bogart, Peter T Boag and Andrew A Chek

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:23

    Content type: Research article

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  44. While the premise that lateral gene transfer (LGT) is a dominant evolutionary force is still in considerable dispute, the case for widespread LGT in the family of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) is no longer...

    Authors: Shaul Shaul, Ruth Nussinov and Tal Pupko

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:22

    Content type: Research article

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  45. The P-type II ATPase gene family encodes proteins with an important role in adaptation of the cell to variation in external K+, Ca2+ and Na2+ concentrations. The presence of P-type II gene subfamilies that are sp...

    Authors: Nicolas Corradi and Ian R Sanders

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:21

    Content type: Research article

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  46. Papillomaviruses (PVs) infect stratified squamous epithelia in warm-blooded vertebrates and have undergone a complex evolutionary process. The control of the expression of the early ORFs in PVs depends on the ...

    Authors: Santiago García-Vallvé, José R Iglesias-Rozas, Ángel Alonso and Ignacio G Bravo

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:20

    Content type: Research article

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  47. Colour polymorphisms are widespread and one of the prime examples is the colour polymorphism in female coenagrionid damselflies: one female morph resembles the male colour (andromorph) while one, or more, fema...

    Authors: Gerrit Joop, Andreas Mitschke, Jens Rolff and Michael T Siva-Jothy

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:19

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

  48. In eukaryotes, histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation is a common mechanism involved in gene silencing and the establishment of heterochromatin. The loci of the major heterochromatic H3K9 methyltransferase Su(...

    Authors: Veiko Krauss, Anne Fassl, Petra Fiebig, Ina Patties and Heinz Sass

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:18

    Content type: Research article

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  49. The number of species within the Malagasy genus Lepilemur and their phylogenetic relationships is disputed and controversial. In order to establish their evolutionary relationships, a comparative cytogenetic and ...

    Authors: Nicole Andriaholinirina, Jean-Luc Fausser, Christian Roos, Dietmar Zinner, Urs Thalmann, Clément Rabarivola, Iary Ravoarimanana, Jörg U Ganzhorn, Bernhard Meier, Roland Hilgartner, Lutz Walter, Alphonse Zaramody, Christoph Langer, Thomas Hahn, Elke Zimmermann, Ute Radespiel…

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:17

    Content type: Research article

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  50. The Dscam gene in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, contains twenty-four exons, four of which are composed of tandem arrays that each undergo mutually exclusive alternative splicing (4, 6, 9 and 17), potent...

    Authors: Mack E Crayton III, Bradford C Powell, Todd J Vision and Morgan C Giddings

    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2006 6:16

    Content type: Research article

    Published on:

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