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  1. In primates, infection is an important force driving gene evolution, and this is reflected in the importance of infectious disease in human morbidity today. The beta-defensins are key components of the innate ...

    Authors: Edward J Hollox and John AL Armour
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:113
  2. Invertebrate and vertebrate GATA transcription factors play important roles in ectoderm and mesendoderm development, as well as in cardiovascular and blood cell fate specification. However, the assignment of e...

    Authors: William Q Gillis, Bruce A Bowerman and Stephan Q Schneider
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:112
  3. Annotated phylogenetic trees that display the evolution of transcription factor binding in regulatory regions are useful for e.g. 1) narrowing down true positive predicted binding sites, providing predictions ...

    Authors: Stephan Struckmann, Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo, Hans R Schöler, Rolland A Reinbold and Georg Fuellen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:111
  4. Ectocarpus siliculosus virus-1 (EsV-1) is a lysogenic dsDNA virus belonging to the super family of nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV) that infect Ectocarpus siliculosus, a marine filamentous brown alga. ...

    Authors: Nicolas Delaroque and Wilhelm Boland
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:110
  5. Comparative sequencing studies among a wide range of taxonomic groups, including fungi, have led to the discovery that reproductive genes evolve more rapidly than other genes. However, for fungal reproductive ...

    Authors: Lotta Wik, Magnus Karlsson and Hanna Johannesson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:109
  6. Lineage-specific genes, the genes that are restricted to a limited subset of related organisms, may be important in adaptation. In parasitic organisms, lineage-specific gene products are possible targets for v...

    Authors: Chih-Horng Kuo and Jessica C Kissinger
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:108
  7. The phylogenetic distribution of large-scale genome structure (i.e. mosaic compositional patchiness) has been explored mainly by analytical ultracentrifugation of bulk DNA. However, with the availability of la...

    Authors: José L Oliver, Pedro Bernaola-Galván, Michael Hackenberg and Pedro Carpena
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:107
  8. The melatonin receptor subfamily contains three members Mel1a, Mel1b and Mel1c, found in all vertebrates except for Mel1c which is found only in fish, Xenopus species and the chicken. Another receptor, the mel...

    Authors: Laurence Dufourny, Anthony Levasseur, Martine Migaud, Isabelle Callebaut, Pierre Pontarotti, Benoit Malpaux and Philippe Monget
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:105

    The Erratum to this article has been published in BMC Evolutionary Biology 2012 12:28

  9. The evolutionary dynamics of xenobiotic resistance depends on how resistance mutations influence the fitness of their bearers, both in the presence and absence of xenobiotic selection pressure. In cases of mul...

    Authors: Claire Berticat, Julien Bonnet, Stéphane Duchon, Philip Agnew, Mylène Weill and Vincent Corbel
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:104
  10. The pregnane X receptor (PXR) shows the highest degree of cross-species sequence diversity of any of the vertebrate nuclear hormone receptors. In this study, we determined the pharmacophores for activation of ...

    Authors: Sean Ekins, Erica J Reschly, Lee R Hagey and Matthew D Krasowski
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:103
  11. Malagasy tenrecs belong to the Afrotherian clade of placental mammals and comprise three subfamilies divided in eight genera (Tenrecinae: Tenrec, Echinops, Setifer and Hemicentetes; Oryzorictinae: Oryzorictes, Li...

    Authors: Céline Poux, Ole Madsen, Julian Glos, Wilfried W de Jong and Miguel Vences
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:102
  12. The mammalian heme peroxidases (MHPs) are a medically important group of enzymes. Included in this group are myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, and thyroid peroxidase. These enzymes are a...

    Authors: Noeleen B Loughran, Brendan O'Connor, Ciarán Ó'Fágáin and Mary J O'Connell
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:101
  13. Using phylogenetic approaches, the expectation that parallel cladogenesis should occur between parasites and hosts has been validated in some studies, but most others provided evidence for frequent host shifts...

    Authors: Guislaine Refrégier, Mickaël Le Gac, Florian Jabbour, Alex Widmer, Jacqui A Shykoff, Roxana Yockteng, Michael E Hood and Tatiana Giraud
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:100
  14. Mammalian genomes consist of regions differing in GC content, referred to as isochores or GC-content domains. The scientific debate is still open as to whether such compositional heterogeneity is a selected or...

    Authors: Uberto Pozzoli, Giorgia Menozzi, Matteo Fumagalli, Matteo Cereda, Giacomo P Comi, Rachele Cagliani, Nereo Bresolin and Manuela Sironi
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:99
  15. This paper tests Vrba's resource-use hypothesis, which predicts that generalist species have lower specialization and extinction rates than specialists, using the 879 species of South American mammals. We test...

    Authors: Ana Moreno Bofarull, Antón Arias Royo, Manuel Hernández Fernández, Edgardo Ortiz-Jaureguizar and Jorge Morales
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:97
  16. The Azoospermia Factor c (AZFc) region of the human Y chromosome is a unique product of segmental duplication. It consists almost entirely of very long amplicons, represented by different colors, and is frequentl...

    Authors: Yueh-Hsiang Yu, Yi-Wen Lin, Jane-Fang Yu, Werner Schempp and Pauline H Yen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:96
  17. There is spectacular morphological diversity in nature but lineages typically display a limited range of phenotypes. Because developmental processes generate the phenotypic variation that fuels natural selecti...

    Authors: Cerisse E Allen, Patrícia Beldade, Bas J Zwaan and Paul M Brakefield
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:94
  18. The mammalian neurohypophysial hormones, vasopressin and oxytocin are involved in osmoregulation and uterine smooth muscle contraction respectively. All jawed vertebrates contain at least one homolog each of v...

    Authors: Pai-Chung Gwee, Chris T Amemiya, Sydney Brenner and Byrappa Venkatesh
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:93
  19. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which play important roles in eukaryotic gene regulation. miRNA biogenesis and activation is a complex process involving multiple ...

    Authors: Dennis Murphy, Barry Dancis and James R Brown
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:92
  20. α-Amylase inhibitors are attractive candidates for the control of seed weevils, as these insects are highly dependent on starch as an energy source. In this study, we aimed to reveal the structure and diversit...

    Authors: Ji-Rui Wang, Yu-Ming Wei, Xiang-Yu Long, Ze-Hong Yan, Eviatar Nevo, Bernard R Baum and You-Liang Zheng
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:91
  21. Alternative selection of splice sites in tandem donors and acceptors is a major mode of alternative splicing. Here, we analyzed whether in-frame tandem sites leading to subtle mRNA insertions/deletions of 3, 6...

    Authors: Michael Hiller, Karol Szafranski, Klaus Huse, Rolf Backofen and Matthias Platzer
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:89
  22. Horizontal gene transfer, also called lateral gene transfer, frequently occurs among prokaryotic organisms, and is considered an important force in their evolution. However, there are relatively few reports of...

    Authors: Jiatao Xie, Yanping Fu, Daohong Jiang, Guoqing Li, Junbin Huang, Bo Li, Tom Hsiang and Youliang Peng
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:87
  23. Amongst the most commonly used molecular markers for plant phylogenetic studies are the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS). Intra-individual variability of these multicopy regions is a very c...

    Authors: Markus Göker and Guido W Grimm
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:86
  24. In large asexual populations where beneficial mutations may co-occur and recombination is absent, the fate of beneficial mutations can be significantly affected by competition (i.e., clonal interference). Theo...

    Authors: Kim M Pepin and Holly A Wichman
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:85
  25. The main components of the spatial genetic structure of the populations are neighbourhood size and isolation by distance. These may be inferred from the allele frequencies across a series of populations within...

    Authors: Gabriel Nève, Bernard Barascud, Henri Descimon and Michel Baguette
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:84
  26. In recent years, several new hypotheses on phylogenetic relations among arthropods have been proposed on the basis of DNA sequences. One of the challenged hypotheses is the monophyly of hexapods. This discussi...

    Authors: MJTN Timmermans, D Roelofs, J Mariën and NM van Straalen
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:83
  27. A mismatch has emerged between models and data of host-parasite evolution. Theory readily predicts that parasites can promote host diversity through mechanisms such as disruptive selection. Yet, despite these ...

    Authors: Meghan A Duffy, Chad E Brassil, Spencer R Hall, Alan J Tessier, Carla E Cáceres and Jeffrey K Conner
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:80
  28. If the insect innate immune system is to be used as a potential blocking step in transmission of malaria, then it will require targeting one or a few genes with highest relevance and ease of manipulation. The ...

    Authors: Aristeidis Parmakelis, Michel A Slotman, Jonathon C Marshall, Parfait H Awono-Ambene, Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio, Frederic Simard, Adalgisa Caccone and Jeffrey R Powell
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:79
  29. Computer-assisted analyses have shown that all bacterial genomes contain a small percentage of open reading frames with a frameshift or in-frame stop codon We report here a comparative analysis of these interr...

    Authors: Caroline Deshayes, Emmanuel Perrodou, Daniel Euphrasie, Eric Frapy, Olivier Poch, Pablo Bifani, Odile Lecompte and Jean-Marc Reyrat
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:78
  30. In recent years there has been a trend of leaving the strict molecular clock in order to infer dating of speciations and other evolutionary events. Explicit modeling of substitution rates and divergence times ...

    Authors: Örjan Åkerborg, Bengt Sennblad and Jens Lagergren
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:77
  31. The evolution of disease resistance and immune function may be limited if increased immunocompetence comes at the expense of other fitness-determining traits. Both the maintenance of an immune system and the d...

    Authors: Kurt A McKean, Christopher P Yourth, Brian P Lazzaro and Andrew G Clark
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:76
  32. Due to its history, with a high number of migration events, the Mediterranean basin represents a challenging area for population genetic studies. A large number of genetic studies have been carried out in the ...

    Authors: Carmen Tomas, Juan J Sanchez, Anna Barbaro, Conxita Brandt-Casadevall, Alexis Hernandez, Mohamed Ben Dhiab, Misericordia Ramon and Niels Morling
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:75
  33. The observed correlation between ultraviolet light incidence and skin color, together with the geographical apportionment of skin reflectance among human populations, suggests an adaptive value for the pigment...

    Authors: Santos Alonso, Neskuts Izagirre, Isabel Smith-Zubiaga, Jesús Gardeazabal, José Luís Díaz-Ramón, José Luís Díaz-Pérez, Diana Zelenika, María Dolores Boyano, Nico Smit and Concepción de la Rúa
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:74
  34. Little is known about the molecular mechanism which regulates how the whole cranium is shaped. Mouse models currently available for genetic research include several hundreds of unique inbred strains and geneti...

    Authors: Minoru Kawakami and Ken-ichi Yamamura
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:73
  35. Mutations in human bestrophin 1 are associated with at least three autosomal-dominant macular dystrophies including Best disease, adult onset vitelliform macular dystrophy and autosomal dominant vitreo-retinoc...

    Authors: Vladimir M Milenkovic, Thomas Langmann, Rainer Schreiber, Karl Kunzelmann and Bernhard HF Weber
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:72
  36. Geographic distribution of the genetic diversity in domestic animals, particularly mitochondrial DNA, has often been used to infer centers of domestication. The underlying presumption is that phylogeographic p...

    Authors: Helena Malmström, Carles Vilà, M Thomas P Gilbert, Jan Storå, Eske Willerslev, Gunilla Holmlund and Anders Götherström
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:71
  37. Toxin profiling helps in cataloguing the toxin present in the venom as well as in searching for novel toxins. The former helps in understanding potential pharmacological profile of the venom and evolution of t...

    Authors: Robin Doley, Nguyen Ngoc Bao Tram, Md Abu Reza and R Manjunatha Kini
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:70
  38. The cytoplasmic ribosomal small subunit (SSU, 18S) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the most frequently-used gene for molecular phylogenetic studies. However, information regarding its secondary structure is neglected ...

    Authors: Oliver Voigt, Dirk Erpenbeck and Gert Wörheide
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:69
  39. The impact of environmental gradients on the evolution of life history traits is a central issue in macroecology and evolutionary biology. A number of hypotheses have been formulated to explain factors shaping...

    Authors: Daniel Pincheira-Donoso, David J Hodgson and Tom Tregenza
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:68
  40. Poxviruses are important pathogens of humans, livestock and wild animals. These large dsDNA viruses have a set of core orthologs whose gene order is extremely well conserved throughout poxvirus genera. They al...

    Authors: Kirsten A Bratke and Aoife McLysaght
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:67

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