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  1. Recent advances in DNA sequencing and computation offer the opportunity for reliable estimates of divergence times between organisms based on molecular data. Bayesian estimations of divergence times that do no...

    Authors: Yoichiro Azuma, Yoshinori Kumazawa, Masaki Miya, Kohji Mabuchi and Mutsumi Nishida
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:215
  2. Beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase 20 (GH20) family are involved in the removal of terminal β-glycosidacally linked N-acetylhexosamine residues. These enzymes, widely distributed ...

    Authors: Jari Intra, Giulio Pavesi and David S Horner
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:214
  3. Before the arrival of Europeans to Cuba, the island was inhabited by two Native American groups, the Tainos and the Ciboneys. Most of the present archaeological, linguistic and ancient DNA evidence indicates a...

    Authors: Isabel Mendizabal, Karla Sandoval, Gemma Berniell-Lee, Francesc Calafell, Antonio Salas, Antonio Martínez-Fuentes and David Comas
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:213
  4. The order Tetraodontiformes consists of approximately 429 species of fishes in nine families. Members of the order exhibit striking morphological diversity and radiated into various habitats such as freshwater...

    Authors: Yusuke Yamanoue, Masaki Miya, Keiichi Matsuura, Masaya Katoh, Harumi Sakai and Mutsumi Nishida
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:212
  5. Comparisons of functionally important changes at the molecular level in model systems have identified key adaptations driving isolation and speciation. In cichlids, for example, long wavelength-sensitive (LWS)...

    Authors: Matthew N Ward, Allison M Churcher, Kevin J Dick, Chris RJ Laver, Greg L Owens, Megan D Polack, Pam R Ward, Felix Breden and John S Taylor
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:210
  6. Various mechanisms such as geographic barriers and glacial episodes have been proposed as determinants of intra-specific and inter-specific differentiation of populations, and the distribution of their genetic...

    Authors: Raşit Bilgin, Ahmet Karataş, Emrah Çoraman, Todd Disotell and Juan Carlos Morales
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:209
  7. The molecular events and evolutionary forces underlying lethal mutagenesis of virus (or virus extinction through an excess of mutations) are not well understood. Here we apply for the first time phylogenetic m...

    Authors: Samuel Ojosnegros, Rubén Agudo, Macarena Sierra, Carlos Briones, Saleta Sierra, Claudia González- López, Esteban Domingo and Juan Cristina
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:207
  8. Phylogenies of certain bioenergetic enzymes have proved to be useful tools for deducing evolutionary ancestry of bioenergetic pathways and their relationship to geochemical parameters of the environment. Our p...

    Authors: Simon Duval, Anne-Lise Ducluzeau, Wolfgang Nitschke and Barbara Schoepp-Cothenet
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:206
  9. Fornicata is a relatively recently established group of protists that includes the diplokaryotic diplomonads (which have two similar nuclei per cell), and the monokaryotic enteromonads, retortamonads and Carpedie...

    Authors: Martin Kolisko, Ivan Cepicka, Vladimir Hampl, Jessica Leigh, Andrew J Roger, Jaroslav Kulda, Alastair GB Simpson and Jaroslav Flegr
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:205
  10. Because of the potential benefits to individuals of saving investment for future mating opportunities, there is conflict between mates over most aspects of reproduction. Males of many species transfer compound...

    Authors: Nina Wedell, Tom Tregenza and Leigh W Simmons
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:204
  11. A simple and widely used approach for detecting hybridization in phylogenies is to reconstruct gene trees from independent gene loci, and to look for gene tree incongruence. However, this approach may be confo...

    Authors: Barbara R Holland, Steffi Benthin, Peter J Lockhart, Vincent Moulton and Katharina T Huber
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:202
  12. The Salangid icefish Neosalanx taihuensis (Salangidae) is an economically important fish, which is endemic to China, restricted to large freshwater systems (e.g. lakes, large rivers and estuaries) and typically e...

    Authors: Liang Zhao, Jie Zhang, Zhijin Liu, Stephan M Funk, Fuwen Wei, Muqi Xu and Ming Li
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:201
  13. Although homeobox genes have been the subject of many studies, little is known about the main amino acid changes that occurred early in the evolution of genes belonging to different classes.

    Authors: Nuno A Fonseca, Cristina P Vieira, Peter WH Holland and Jorge Vieira
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:200
  14. Within the subfamily Murinae, African murines represent 25% of species biodiversity, making this group ideal for detailed studies of the patterns and timing of diversification of the African endemic fauna and ...

    Authors: Emilie Lecompte, Ken Aplin, Christiane Denys, François Catzeflis, Marion Chades and Pascale Chevret
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:199
  15. Cystatins and their putative targets, the families of cysteine proteinases C1A and C13 play key roles in plants. Comparative genomic analyses are powerful tools to obtain valuable insights into the conservatio...

    Authors: Manuel Martinez and Isabel Diaz
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:198
  16. The island of Madagascar and surrounding volcanic and coralline islands are considered to form a biodiversity hotspot with large numbers of unique taxa. The origin of this endemic fauna can be explained by two...

    Authors: Jérôme Fuchs, Jean-Marc Pons, Steven M Goodman, Vincent Bretagnolle, Martim Melo, Rauri CK Bowie, David Currie, Roger Safford, Munir Z Virani, Simon Thomsett, Alawi Hija, Corinne Cruaud and Eric Pasquet
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:197
  17. Snake venoms consist primarily of proteins and peptides showing a myriad of potent biological activities which have been shaped by both adaptive and neutral selective forces. Venom proteins are encoded by mult...

    Authors: Robin Doley, Susanta Pahari, Stephen P Mackessy and R Manjunatha Kini
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:196
  18. Low nucleotide divergence between human and chimpanzee does not sufficiently explain the species-specific morphological, physiological and behavioral traits. As gene duplication is a major prerequisite for the...

    Authors: Pille Hallast, Janna Saarela, Aarno Palotie and Maris Laan
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:195
  19. Little is known about the role ecological shifts play in the evolution of Neotropical radiations that have colonized a variety of environments. We here examine habitat shifts in the evolutionary history of Elaeni...

    Authors: Frank E Rheindt, Les Christidis and Janette A Norman
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:193
  20. Nearly half of the West Eurasian assemblage of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is fractioned into numerous sub-lineages of the predominant haplogroup (hg) R0. Several hypotheses have been proposed on the origi...

    Authors: Anita Brandstätter, Bettina Zimmermann, Janine Wagner, Tanja Göbel, Alexander W Röck, Antonio Salas, Angel Carracedo and Walther Parson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:191
  21. The evolution of multicellularity is accompanied by the occurrence of differentiated tissues, of organismal developmental programs, and of mechanisms keeping the balance between proliferation and differentiati...

    Authors: Chendhore S Veerappan, Zoya Avramova and Etsuko N Moriyama
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:190
  22. Mutations in HERG and KCNQ1 potassium channels have been associated with Long QT syndrome and atrial fibrillation, and more recently with sudden infant death syndrome and sudden unexplained death. In other pro...

    Authors: Heather A Jackson and Eric A Accili
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:188
  23. The antagonistic co-evolution of hosts and their parasites is considered to be a potential driving force in maintaining host genetic variation including sexual reproduction and recombination. The examination o...

    Authors: Lena Wilfert and Paul Schmid-Hempel
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:187
  24. The patterns of mutation vary both within and across genomes. It has been shown for a few mammals that mutation rates vary within the genome, while for unknown reasons, the sensu stricto yeasts have uniform rates...

    Authors: Aleah K Fox, Brian B Tuch and Jeffrey H Chuang
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:186
  25. An understanding of the evolution of global transcription regulators is essential for comprehending the complex networks of cellular metabolism that have developed among related organisms. The fur gene encodes on...

    Authors: Catarina L Santos, João Vieira, Fernando Tavares, David R Benson, Louis S Tisa, Alison M Berry, Pedro Moradas-Ferreira and Philippe Normand
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:185
  26. One of the many gene families that expanded in early vertebrate evolution is the neuropeptide (NPY) receptor family of G-protein coupled receptors. Earlier work by our lab suggested that several of the NPY rec...

    Authors: Tomas A Larsson, Frida Olsson, Gorel Sundstrom, Lars-Gustav Lundin, Sydney Brenner, Byrappa Venkatesh and Dan Larhammar
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:184
  27. Leishmania (Leishmania) major, one of the agents causing cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in humans, is widely distributed in the Old World where different species of wild rodent and phlebotomine sand fly serve as an...

    Authors: Amer Al-Jawabreh, Stephanie Diezmann, Michaela Müller, Thierry Wirth, Lionel F Schnur, Margarita V Strelkova, Dmitri A Kovalenko, Shavkat A Razakov, Jan Schwenkenbecher, Katrin Kuhls and Gabriele Schönian
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:183
  28. To date very few incidences of interdomain gene transfer into fungi have been identified. Here, we used the emerging genome sequences of Candida albicans WO-1, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Clavispora...

    Authors: David A Fitzpatrick, Mary E Logue and Geraldine Butler
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:181
  29. The arginine vasopressin V1a receptor (V1aR) modulates social cognition and behavior in a wide variety of species. Variation in a repetitive microsatellite element in the 5' flanking region of the V1aR gene (AVPR...

    Authors: Zoe R Donaldson, Fyodor A Kondrashov, Andrea Putnam, Yaohui Bai, Tara L Stoinski, Elizabeth AD Hammock and Larry J Young
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:180
  30. Myco-heterotrophy evolved independently several times during angiosperm evolution. Although many species of myco-heterotrophic plants are highly endemic and long-distance dispersal seems unlikely, some genera ...

    Authors: Vincent Merckx, Lars W Chatrou, Benny Lemaire, Moses N Sainge, Suzy Huysmans and Erik F Smets
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:178
  31. Novel immune-type receptor (NITR) genes are members of diversified multigene families that are found in bony fish and encode type I transmembrane proteins containing one or two extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig...

    Authors: Salil Desai, Amy K Heffelfinger, Timothy M Orcutt, Gary W Litman and Jeffrey A Yoder
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:177
  32. C2H2 zinc finger genes (C2H2-ZNF) constitute the largest class of transcription factors in humans and one of the largest gene families in mammals. Often arranged in clusters in the genome, these genes are thou...

    Authors: Hamsa D Tadepally, Gertraud Burger and Muriel Aubry
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:176
  33. The Notch signaling pathway is fundamental to the regulation of many cell fate decisions in eumetazoans. Not surprisingly, members of this pathway are highly conserved even between vertebrates and invertebrate...

    Authors: Dieter Maier, Anna X Chen, Anette Preiss and Manuela Ketelhut
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:175
  34. Domestication of chicken is believed to have occurred in Southeast Asia, especially in Indus valley. However, non-inclusion of Indian red jungle fowl (RJF), Gallus gallus murghi in previous studies has left a big...

    Authors: Sriramana Kanginakudru, Muralidhar Metta, RD Jakati and J Nagaraju
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:174
  35. Minor alleles of the human dopamine receptor polymorphisms, DRD2/TaqI A and DRD4/48 bp, are related to decreased functioning and/or numbers of their respective receptors and have been shown to be correlated wi...

    Authors: Dan TA Eisenberg, Benjamin Campbell, Peter B Gray and Michael D Sorenson
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:173
  36. Precise dating of viral subtype divergence enables researchers to correlate divergence with geographic and demographic occurrences. When historical data are absent (that is, the overwhelming majority), viral s...

    Authors: John D O'Brien, Zhen-Su She and Marc A Suchard
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:172
  37. Lbx/ladybird genes originated as part of the metazoan cluster of Nk homeobox genes. In all animals investigated so far, both the protostome genes and the vertebrate Lbx1 genes were found to play crucial roles in ...

    Authors: Karl R Wotton, Frida K Weierud, Susanne Dietrich and Katharine E Lewis
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:171
  38. Functional studies in model organisms, such as vertebrates and Drosophila, have shown that basic Helix-loop-Helix (bHLH) proteins have important roles in different steps of neurogenesis, from the acquisition of n...

    Authors: Elena Simionato, Pierre Kerner, Nicolas Dray, Martine Le Gouar, Valérie Ledent, Detlev Arendt and Michel Vervoort
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:170
  39. Chromosomal painting, using whole chromosome probes from humans and Saguinus oedipus, was used to establish karyotypic divergence among species of the genus Cebus, including C. olivaceus, C. albifrons, C. apella ...

    Authors: PJS Amaral, LFM Finotelo, EHC De Oliveira, A Pissinatti, CY Nagamachi and JC Pieczarka
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:169
  40. The first step of GPI anchor biosynthesis is catalyzed by PIG-A, an enzyme that transfers N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to phosphatidylinositol. This protein is present in all eukaryotic organi...

    Authors: Nupur Oswal, Narinder Singh Sahni, Alok Bhattacharya, Sneha Sudha Komath and Rohini Muthuswami
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:168
  41. Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been extensively used in population and evolutionary genetics studies. Thus, a valid estimate of human mtDNA evolutionary rate is important in many research fields. The smal...

    Authors: Cristina Santos, Rafael Montiel, Adriana Arruda, Luis Alvarez, Maria Pilar Aluja and Manuela Lima
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:167
  42. Actin is a cytoskeletal protein which exerts a broad range of functions in almost all eukaryotic cells. In higher vertebrates, six primary actin isoforms can be distinguished: alpha-skeletal, alpha-cardiac, al...

    Authors: Laura D Bertola, Elisabeth B Ott, Sander Griepsma, Freek J Vonk and Christoph P Bagowski
    Citation: BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008 8:166

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