Fig. 4

MDA_CM contains both active and inactive forms of TGF-β1. a Wound-healing assay was performed with MCF7 incubated with full MDA_CM and various MDA_CM fractions. b The effect of the TGF-β receptor I inhibitor on the ability of the full MDA_CM and its 30–100 kDa and > 100 kDa fractions to induce migration in MCF7. c The effect of activated MDA_CM on the migration of MCF7 in the absence (control–CT) and presence of MDA_CM; to activate TGF-β1 latent forms, pH was lowered to 4.5 with HCl and then neutralized with NaOH (wound-healing assay; 72 h). Y axis: Percentage of the occupied area. Error bars indicate SEM (n = 3). + refers to control (CT), and * refers to treatments. ns = not significant; * denotes p < 0.05; ++/**, +++/***, ++++/**** denote p < 0.01, p < 0.001, and p < 0.0001, respectively