Fig. 8

Detachment forces for the six exemplary species of phylliids representing the primary egg morphotypes on different substrate topographies. A 0 µm, B 1 µm, C 12 µm, D 40 µm roughness. Boxplots represent the initial detachment forces’ median (horizontal line), 25 and 75 percentiles (upper and lower border of the box) and 10 and 90 percentiles (whiskers). Colours visualise the different pinnae types (see Fig. 2). Letters indicate statistical similarity (Kruskal–Wallis One-Way ANOVA on ranks, P < 0.001; Tukey’s post hoc tests, P < 0.05; N = 15 for every box)