Fig. 4
From: Dosage balance acts as a time-dependent selective barrier to subfunctionalization
The percentage of gene pairs that have been subfunctionalized over 2000 generations after a whole-genome Duplication Event for 6 different effective population sizes (Ne) for the new Sub + Dos Model. Note that as the effective population size increases, so does the efficacy of selection, and that leads to the pattern where there is a longer delay for subfunctionalization to occur, but will ultimately lead to a higher percentage of subfunctionalized duplicate gene pairs. Also note that with the largest Ne shown is so delayed, that it hasn’t even begun to subfunctionalize for the number of generations shown, however will ultimately surpass the others in the percentage of subfunctionalized gene pairs