Oral exposure to thiacloprid-based pesticide (Calypso SC480) causes physical poisoning symptoms and impairs the cognitive abilities of bumble bees

Table 1 Daily oral exposure of adult bees based on the thiacloprid residues in pollen and nectar

Source of residues	Thiacloprid residues (µg/mg)	Sugar concentration of nectar (%)	Bee's daily maximum consumption (mg)***	Daily oral exposure (µg)
Pollen	0.001484*	–	30.30***	0.04
Nectar	0.00013**	15	993.33***	0.13
Nectar	0.00013**	30	496.66	0.06

The exposure is calculated by combining daily oral exposure from pollen and nectar. The sugar concentration of nectar affects the exposure so that the exposure level is 0.10 µg thiacloprid/bee (0.04 µg + 0.06 µg) when the sugar concentration is expected to be 30% and 0.17 µg thiacloprid/bee (0.04 µg + 0.13 µg) when the sugar concentration is expected to be 15%
^*[22]
^**[23]
^***[13]

ISSN: 2730-7182